Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection

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5G network slicing using SDN and NFV: A survey of taxonomy, architectures and future challenges
(Elsevier, 2019-11) Barakabitze, Alcardo Alex; Ahmad, Arslan; Mijumbi, Rashid; Hines, Andrew
The increasing consumption of multimedia services and the demand of high-quality services from cus- tomers has triggered a fundamental change in how we administer networks in terms of abstraction, sep- aration, and mapping of forwarding, control and management aspects of services. The industry and the academia are embracing 5G as the future network capable to support next generation vertical appli- cations with different service requirements. To realize this vision in 5G network, the physical network has to be sliced into multiple isolated logical networks of varying sizes and structures which are ded- icated to different types of services based on their requirements with different characteristics and re- quirements (e.g., a slice for massive IoT devices, smartphones or autonomous cars, etc.). Softwarization using Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV)in 5G networks are expected to fill the void of programmable control and management of network resources. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review and updated solutions related to 5G network slicing us- ing SDN and NFV. Firstly, we present 5G service quality and business requirements followed by a descrip- tion of 5G network softwarization and slicing paradigms including essential concepts, history and differ- ent use cases. Secondly, we provide a tutorial of 5G network slicing technology enablers including SDN, NFV, MEC, cloud/Fog computing, network hypervisors, virtual machines & containers. Thidly, we compre- hensively survey different industrial initiatives and projects that are pushing forward the adoption of SDN and NFV in accelerating 5G network slicing. A comparison of various 5G architectural approaches in terms of practical implementations, technology adoptions and deployment strategies is presented. Moreover, we provide a discussion on various open source orchestrators and proof of concepts representing industrial contribution. The work also investigates the standardization efforts in 5G networks regarding network slicing and softwarization. Additionally, the article presents the management and orchestration of net- work slices in a single domain followed by a comprehensive survey of management and orchestration approaches in 5G network slicing across multiple domains while supporting multiple tenants. Further- more, we highlight the future challenges and research directions regarding network softwarization and slicing using SDN and NFV in 5G networks.
A bibliometric analysis of human-wildlife conflicts in East Africa
(IJCS, 2022) Mnzava, Ester Ernest; Sirima, Agnes Anthony
Literature appraisal reveals a sufficient number of studies (research productivity), which have been conducted in the field of human-wildlife conflicts. However, little is known about the evolution of knowledge generation in the field, trends in research output, countries of publication, and international collaborations and specifically statistical related data. To track research productivity of human-wildlife conflict in East Africa, the study examines literature growth, describes the country-wise production of literature and establishes the degree of collaboration by studying authorship patterns on human-wildlife conflicts for the last 20 years. Publish or Perish software was used, followed by the execution of the search via Google scholar database on 28 March 2019. Regarding the country-wise contribution of literature, Tanzania was found to contribute 46 (32.2%), Uganda 45 (31.5%), Kenya 44 (30.8%) and Rwanda 8 (5.6%) and none from Burundi and South Sudan. The overall research productivity in the field of human-wildlife conflicts for Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda is increasing. This study provides a fairly accurate representation of research productivity on human-wildlife conflicts in East Africa from Google scholar database.
A bibliometric analysis of the Tanzania journal of agricultural science (1998-2017)
(Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2019) Chirwa, Mussa Ndambile; Mnzava, Ester
The term bibliometrics was first coined by Pritchard in 1969. From there on different people defined and interpreted bibliometrics in various ways. For instance, British Standards Institution, (1976) define bibliometrics as the use of mathematical and statistical methods to study documents and patterns of publication. One year later Hawkins (1977) interpreted bibliometrics to mean the “quantitative analysis of the bibliographic features of a body of literature”. Historically, the term “librametry” was firstly used as coined by S.R. Ranganathan to refer quantitative study of librarianship. Bibliometrics is analogous to Ranganathan’s librametrics and the Russian concept scientometrics (Thanuskodi, 2010).
A novel qoe-aware sdn-enabled, nfv-based management architecture for future multimedia applications on 5g systems
(2019) Barakabitze,Alcardo Alex; Sun,Lingfen; Mkwawa,Is-Haka; Ifeachor,Emmanuel
This paper proposes a novel QoE-aware SDN enabled NFV architecture for controlling and managing Future Multimedia Applications on 5G systems. The aim is to improve the QoE of the delivered multimedia services through the fulfilment of personalized QoE application requirements. This novel approach provides some new features, functionalities, concepts and opportunities for overcoming the key QoE provisioning limitations in current 4G systems such as increased network management complexity and inability to adapt dynamically to changing application, network transmission/traffic or end-user’s demand
A study of data sources for accessibility and reuse practices among agricultural researchers in Tanzania
(Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2023-03-10) Mwinami, Nolasko Victory; Dulle, Frankwell W.; Mtega, Wulystan Pius
This paper reports a study that investigated how agricultural researchers use and reuse other researchers’ data in Tanzania. This research used a survey method to investigate the factors influencing researchers in this use/reuse. Findings indicated that more than 80% of researchers use and reuse data accessed from different sources. Several factors influence the majority of researchers (more than 70%) to use and reuse data. The results of this study may attract the attention of agricultural researchers elsewhere to agricultural data use and reuse practices.
Access and use of agricultural market information by smallholder farmers: measuring informational capabilities
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019) Magesa, Mawazo M; Michael, Kisangiri; Ko, Jesuk
While farmers sell their crops, middlemen provide a linkage between them, markets and buyers. Middlemen have good knowledge of working conditions of markets and have access to agricultural market information. Due to poor access to markets and agricultural market information by smallholders, there is a feeling that middlemen benefit more while farmers sell their crops. Good access to markets and market infor- mation may help farmers bypass middlemen while selling crops and thus benefit more. Thus, it is best to improve the informational capabilities (ICs) of farmers in agri- cultural marketing. Thus, this research measured ICs of farmers accessing market information, through a program NINAYO, while selling their crops. The research uti- lized the informational, psychological, social, and economic dimensions of the empowerment framework in identifying capability indicators to formulate survey questions. Data were collected from smallholders in six regions in Tanzania. The anal- ysis utilized measures of life satisfaction and results showed that about half of the variation in the dependent variable, satisfaction with capabilities, was explained by the model. Backward elimination analysis confirmed that life satisfaction is multi- dimensional. Robustness test confirmed a positive relationship between satisfaction and capabilities. Overall, results confirmed ICs are multidimensions, their improve- ment empowers farmers in agricultural marketing.
Accessibility of women to health information in Tanzania: A case study of Morogoro Region
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017-05) Benard, Ronald; Chipungahelo, Monica Samwel
Purpose – The aim of this study is to examine accessibility of health information to women in Tanzania with reference to the Morogoro region. The specific objectives of the study were: first, to identify the health information needs of women; second, to determine the accessibility of the needed health information to women in the study area; and third, to determine the preferred sources of information used by women in accessing health information in the study area. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive survey method – cross-sectional design – was used. Semi-structured questionnaires with both open- and close-ended questions were used to collect data from four wards of Morogoro Municipal Council, Tanzania. Key informant interviews were conducted with 12 women from four wards, 3 women were selected from each ward. Findings – The findings also indicated that there was a significant relationship between wards and accessibility to certain types of information which were concerning hypertension, family planning, malaria and typhoid. Although information on diabetes and hypertension had lower percentages of accessibility in all four wards, the study findings revealed that medical doctors, pharmacy shops and family were the main sources of information used by women to access health information. Radio and television were rated as preferred sources of information required by women, whereas internet, local herb hawkers and mobile phones were rated as non-preferable. It is therefore recommended that the government through health-care providers and medical librarians should be proactive in creating awareness and disseminate health information on non- communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes to women. Practical implications – This paper provides practical recommendations on how to improve accessibility of health information in the communities. Social implications – The paper has an implication of improving accessibility of health information to women in the communities. Originality/value – The paper provides appropriate knowledge that is needed in improving access to health information in Tanzanian communities and in other developing countries communities
Adaptive cache server selection and resource allocation strategy in mobile edge computing
(International journal of information communication technologies and human development (ijicthd), 2023) Mahenge, Michael Pendo John; Kitindi, Edvin Jonathan
The enormous increase of data traffic generated by mobile devices emanate challenges for both internet service providers (ISP) and content service provider (CSP). The objective of this paper is to propose the cost-efficient design for content delivery that selects the best cache server to store repeatedly accessed contents. The proposed strategy considers both caching and transmission costs. To achieve the equilibrium of transmission cost and caching cost, a weighted cost model based on entropy-weighting- method (EWM) is proposed. Then, an adaptive cache server selection and resource allocation strategy based on deep-reinforcement-learning (DRL) is proposed to place the cache on best edge server closer to end-user. The proposed method reduces the cost of service delivery under the constraints of meeting server storage capacity constraints and deadlines. The simulation experiments show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the cache-hit rate and reduce the cache-miss rate and content access costs.
Artificial intelligence and deep learning based Technologies for emerging disease recognition and pest Prediction in beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.): A systematic review
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2023) Mahenge, Michael Pendo John; Mkwazu, Hussein; Madege, Richard Raphael; Mwaipopo, Beatrice; Maro, Caroline
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning have the capacity to reduce losses in crop production, such as low crop yields, food insecurity, and the negative impacts on a country’s economy caused by crop infections. This study aims to find the knowledge and technological gaps associated with the application of AI-based technologies for plant disease detection and pest prediction at an early stage and recommend suitable curative measures. An evidence-based framework known as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology was used to conduct systematic reviews of the state-of-the-art of AI and deep learning techniques for crop disease identification and pest prediction in developing countries. The results demonstrate that conventional methods for plant disease management face some challenges, such as being costly in terms of labour, having low detection and prediction accuracy, and some are not environmentally friendly. Also, the rapid increase in data-intensive and computational-intensive tasks needed for plant disease classification using traditional machine learning methods poses challenges such as high processing time and storage capacity. Consequently, this paper recommends a deep learning and AI-based strategy to enhance the detection, prediction and prevention of crop diseases. These recommendations will be the starting point for future research.
Assessing the information needs and information sources of urban and peri-urban livestock keepers in Kinondoni and Morogoro Urban Districts, Tanzania
(Library Philosophy and Practice, 2016) Angello, Consolata; Msuya, Jangawe; Matovelo, Doris
This paper discusses the information needs of urban and peri-urban livestock keepers and the various information sources used and their effectiveness in disseminating livestock information. Mixed method approach was the methodology used in the study whereby quantitative data was gathered using questionnaires while qualitative data was gathered using in-depth interviews and participant observations. Findings from this study revealed that livestock keepers had various information needs such as disease control (95.3%), nutrition and feeds (62.2%), markets (56.3%), housing techniques (29.1%) and loans (20.1%). Urban livestock keepers also used different sources of information to access information including veterinary shops (77.2%), extension services (63.8%), fellow livestock keepers (40.2%), print sources (39.8%) agricultural exhibitions (29.1%) and seminars (12.6%). It was concluded that most urban livestock keepers do benefit from various information sources (especially veterinary shops and extension officers) to access livestock information. The study recommended for improvement and regulation of policies concerning extension and veterinary services through relevant bodies for enhanced access to information on livestock husbandry, in order to improve the livestock husbandry practices and increase productivity for economic development.
Attacks in wireless sensor networks
(IGI Global, 2016) Kibirige, George William; Sanga, Camilius A.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of low-cost, resource-constrained sensor nodes. The constraints of the WSN which make it to be vulnerable to attacks are based on their charac- teristics which include: low memory, low computation power, they are deployed in hostile area and left unattended, small range of communication capability and low energy capabilities. Examples of attacks which can occur in a WSN are sinkhole attack, selective forwarding attack and wormhole attack. One of the impacts of these attacks is that, one attack can be used to launch other attacks. This book chapter presents an exploration of the analysis of the existing solutions which are used to detect and identify passive and active attack in WSN. The analysis is based on advantages and limitations of the proposed solutions.
Availability and usage of ICTs and e-resources by livestock researchers in Tanzania: Challenges and ways forward
(International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 2010) Angello, Consolata; Wema, Evans
A study was conducted to investigate the accessibility and use of e-resources in Tanzania. The methodology adopted for the study was survey in which questionnaires, interviews and observations were used in collection of the data. A total of 50 respondents participated in the study. The study revealed that livestock research institutes in Tanzania had very few e-resources for their researchers. It was concluded that most livestock researchers were not aware of most of the e-resources available hence they could not access and use them effectively in their research work. The researchers recommended for improvement of internet connectivity to enable efficient information searching from the internet.
The awareness and use of electronic information sources among livestock researchers in Tanzania
(2010-12) Angello, C.
This paper is the result of a study that was conducted to investigate the accessibility and use of electronic information resources by the livestock researchers in Tanzania. One of the main objectives of the study was to assess the information literacy skills of livestock researchers. The study was conducted in three livestock research institutes in Tanzania with an overall sample size of fifty respondents consisting of livestock researchers and information professionals. Detailed questionnaires, interviews and observations were the methods used for data collection while data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. One of the findings of the study was the lack of information literacy skills among most of the researchers and this was found to be limiting their access and use of e-resources. This paper discusses the level of information literacy that livestock researchers possess and its impact on these researchers’ awareness and use of e-resources.
Behavior and techniques for improving performance of OFDM systems for wireless communications
(2015-01) Barakabitze, Alcardo Alex; Ali, Md. Abbas
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a special case of multicarrier transmission which transmits a stream of data over a number of lower data rate subcarriers. OFDM splits the total transmission bandwidth into a number of orthogonal and non-overlapping subcarriers and transmit the collection of bits called symbols in parallel using these subcarriers. This paper gives a total insight of various Peak -to Average Power Reduction (PAPR) techniques and principles of OFDM systems used in wireless communications. The research paper places a focus also on OFDM behaviors and techniques like Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation that improves performance of OFDM for wireless communications. Finally, the paper provides a number of wireless communication standards and many of the applications where OFDM systems are used.
Blockchain-based secure storage management with edge computing for IoT
(MDPI, 2014) Nyamtiga, Baraka William; Sicato, Jose Costa Sapalo; Rathore, Shailendra; Sung, Yunsick; Park, Jong Hyuk
As a core technology to manage decentralized systems, blockchain is gaining much popularity to deploy such applications as smart grid and healthcare systems. However, its utilization in resource-constrained mobile devices is limited due to high demands of resources and poor scalability with frequent-intensive transactions. Edge computing can be integrated to facilitate mobile devices in offloading their mining tasks to cloud resources. This integration ensures reliable access, distributed computation and untampered storage for scalable and secure transactions. It is imperative therefore that crucial issues of security, scalability and resources management be addressed to achieve successful integration. Studies have been conducted to explore suitable architectural requirements, and some researchers have applied the integration to deploy some specific applications. Despite these efforts, however, issues of anonymity, adaptability and integrity still need to be investigated further to attain a practical, secure decentralized data storage. We based our study on peer-to-peer and blockchain to achieve an Internet of Things (IoT) design supported by edge computing to acquire security and scalability levels needed for the integration. We investigated existing blockchain and associated technologies to discover solutions that address anonymity, integrity and adaptability issues for successful integration of blockchain in IoT systems. The discovered solutions were then incorporated in our conceptual design of the decentralized application prototype presented for secure storage of IoT data and transactions.
Caching and data routing in Information Centric Networking (ICN): the future internet perspective
(International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2014-11-11) Barakabitze, Alcardo Alex; Xiaoheng, Tan
Information Centric Networking (ICN) is becoming an important direction of the future internet architecture research. Different ICN architectures like PSIRP, NetInf, PURSUIT, CCN, DONA, and NDN have been proposed with the aim of moving from the current host-to-host communication model to a content-centric communication model. Caching and data routing are among the most significant properties of ICN features which improves network efficiency and content distribution performance by satisfying user requests with cached content. New characteristics of ICN caching include the Internet to be transparent to applications, ubiquitous in-network caching (caching contents in routers in a granularity based-level different from the current Internet architecture which cache contents in file-level. This paper describes in-depth, the concepts of caching and data routing in ICN by providing a comprehensive survey of a number of cache decision and data routing policies in ICN. The paper provides also the caching and data routing mechanisms in the Named Data Networking (NDN) which is the promising ICN design for the future Internet architecture. In general, by modelling the in-network caching and data routing which will be based on more efficient cache decision and routing schemes, it will have more practical significance in ICN designs for the future Internet architecture.
Can e-learning promote participation of female students in STEM disciplines in higher learning institutions of Tanzania?
(International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 2013) Sanga, C; Magesa, M.M; Chingonikaya, E; Kayunze, K.A
The recent development of ICTs has brought many changes in different sectors. In Higher Learning Institutions, there are a number of positive changes. ICTs have brought efficiency, effectiveness and efficacy in the provision of the core functions namely: teaching, outreach, research and consultancy. Previous studies showed that even though there is improvement in teaching and learning through e-learning but few studies researched e-learning as tool for promoting female students to participate in science, technology and mathematics disciplines. This study was done to evaluate if the e-learning can promote the participation of female students in science, technology and mathematics subjects in different Higher Learning Institutions of Tanzania. The mixed research methodology was used in this study. The results showed that the potential benefits of e-learning as tool for promoting students uptake for science, technology and mathematics subjects was not fully exploited in Tanzania. Thus, this calls different stakeholders to fully implement and mainstream e-learning in Higher Learning value chain to make it a reality and not myth in promoting female students participation is science, technology and engineering.
Capabilities of smart antenna in tracking the desired signal in wireless communication system through non-blind adaptive algorithms
(nternational Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2015-02) Kitindi, Edvin J.
Future wireless systems will require higher data rates with better coverage for a wide variety of users operating with a large variety of different systems. To achieve these goals, greater power, interference suppression, and multipath mitigation are needed. Smart antenna gives a promising future for wireless communication systems since it can improve the capacity, extend coverage and provide better quality services by tracking users, switching beams accordingly. In this paper three non-blind adaptive beamforming algorithms, least mean square (LMS), Recursive Least square (RLS) and Sample matrix inversion (SMI) have been studied. Investigation of their performances in tracking a desired user has been made and compared. All the three algorithms direct their beams towards a desired user and place nulls towards interferer. However the rate of their performance differs from each other.
Characterizing urban expansion combining concentric-ring and grid-based analysis for Latin American Cities
(MDPI, 2021) Wu, Su; Sumari, Neema Simon; Dong, Ting; Xu, Gang; Liu, Yanfang
Spatio-temporal characterization of urban expansion is the first step towards understanding how cities grow in space. We summarize two approaches used in urban expansion measurement, namely, concentric-ring analysis and grid-based analysis. Concentric-ring analysis divides urban areas into a series of rings, which is used to quantify the distance decay of urban elements from city centers. Grid-based analysis partitions a city into regular grids that are used to interpret local dynamics of urban growth. We combined these two approaches to characterize the urban expansion between 2000–2014 for five large Latin American cities (São Paulo, Brazil; Mexico City, Mexico; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Bogotá, Columbia; Santiago, Chile). Results show that the urban land (built- up area) density in concentric rings decreases from city centers to urban fringe, which can be well fitted by an inverse S curve. Parameters of fitting curves reflect disparities of urban extents and urban form among these five cities over time. Grid-based analysis presents the transformation of population from central to suburban areas, where new urban land mostly expands. In the global context, urban expansion in Latin America is far less rapid than countries or regions that are experiencing fast urbanization, such as Asia and Africa. Urban form of Latin American cities is particularly compact because of their rugged topographies with natural limitations.
Communication channels and their potential applicability in enhancing agricultural research data sharing among agricultural eesearchers in Tanzania
(The Journal of Association of European Research Librarries, 2023) Mwinami, Nolasko Victory; Dulle, Frankwell W.; Mtega, Wulystan Pius
The goal of this research was to investigate the communication channels that enhance data sharing among agriculture researchers in Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to identify communication channels that are used by agricultural researchers in Tanzania, examine the extent to which such channels were used to enhance data sharing among agricultural researchers, and examine the factors that influence the choices of channels used in data sharing. A descriptive cross-sectional design, alongside uantitative, and qualitative approaches, was employed to collect data from q 204 respondents. The Concentric Layered Model for the channel choices was used to guide this study. Results indicate that both mediated, and non-medi- ated channels existed and were used as data-sharing avenues and channels. The majority of the researchers (77.9%) preferred to use non-mediated chan- nels. Also, the findings indicate that more than 50% of respondents agreed that timely delivery, the cost of the channel, and convenience of a channel were among the factors influencing researchers in their channel selection. It can be concluded therefore that research institutions should invest in mediated channels that have been underutilized to strengthen data-sharing practices among researchers.

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