Welcome to SUAIRE
Sokoine University of Agriculture Institutional Repository (SUA IR). This repository was built and is maintained by the university library (Sokoine National Agricultural Library-SNAL) , in order to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly output generated by University research community (staff and students) members.
This repository hosts a variety of openly accessible materials including: scholarly articles and books, theses and dissertations, conference proceedings and technical reports. For assistance about depositing your research output in the repository click here. SUA IR Policy click here or any queries contact us at snal@sua.ac.tz.
Recent Submissions
Performance evaluation of Mtwango and Cheju Community Based Irrigation Schemes in Zanzibar
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Kabona Alex Elia
Agriculture contributes approximately 80% of Zanzibar total annual exports and yet still
imports well over 75% of its total annual food demand. Government has taken up
irrigation as a strategy to promote production in order to address this demand gap. This
study determined the performance of community based irrigation schemes in Zanzibar in
order to establish how they contribute to welfare of surrounding farmers in terms of
income and determine whether the government strategy is working. The study analysed
the profitability of irrigation farming in the two selected schemes and determined whether
key production inputs of irrigation farming are efficiently utilized. Economic performance
was also established in terms of fee collection and Management Budget Ratio (MBR). The
study also examined the strength of existing institutional settings at schemes level. The
study results revealed that water productivity vary slightly across the studied schemes with
the highest being 0.14kg/m3 in Mtwango. Return per unit area was recorded a maximum
of 5 202 775 Tsh/ha while an average return to labour was 2 998 Tsh/man-days. The study
also found fees collection to be satisfactorily efficient in both schemes at above 50% mark.
However, the two schemes allocated less than 50% of the total collected fees for
maintenance and operations. Irrigation farming was found to be profitable with minimum
net returns of TSh. 913 619 per hectare. Net income was found to significantly correlate
to age, farm size and irrigation water accessibility, technical information base, price of
paddy, capital used, land ownership and credit access. The study also revealed the
presence of strong institutional setting at scheme level; this was evidenced by low level of
conflict incidences among others.
Economic analysis of outgrowers’ sugarcane production scheme at Ruembe Sugarcane Basin in Kilosa District, Morogoro
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2008) Chongela Joel
The study was conducted al Ruembe Sugarcane Basin in Kilosa district in Morogoro
region in 2007/08 to analyse economic factors influencing out growers sugarcane
production scheme. A Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the
technical relationship between sugarcane productivity and the inputs (land, labour,
fertilizer, herbicide, credit and extension services). Ordinary Least Squares regression
technique was used to perform the analysis. Coefficients of the inputs were estimated
from the Cobb-Douglas production function. Gross margins of the sugarcane and paddy
enterprises were calculated to determine profitability. The results indicate that fertilizer,
labour and credit are statistically significant factors of production for sugarcane at P<0.05
where as land, herbicide and extension services are not statistically significant at P<0.05.
The estimated coefficients for the input factors were 0.52878, 0.34376, 0.22464, 0.13025,
0.00160 and -0.01758 for fertilizer, labour, herbicide, credit, land and extension services,
respectively. The positive coefficients indicate increased sugarcane productivity where as
the negative coefficient for extension service means decreased productivity. The Gross
margin analysis showed that sugarcane enterprise has higher returns of 561 498.48
Tshs/ha followed by paddy enterprise which has returns of 73 929.64 Tshs/ha. The mean
annual contribution of Ruembe sugarcane out growers to the Kilombero II Sugar factory
is 220.277 tonnes of cane/capita. The mean sugarcane price was 35 360.42 Tshs/tonne at
mean sucrose content of 9.11%/tonne of rendement. The mean annual per capita sugar
consumption of Ruembe outgrowers’ is 12 kg due to high sugar price which limits
consumers to use more sugar. This implies that sugar consumption is still a constraint to
consumers due to inflation of sugar price caused by inadequate of sugar supply in the
market leading to importation of sugar from abroad which distort the domestic market
price.
Factors affecting sustainability of farmers groups: the case of Twikinde Malimbichi Cooperative Society of Mgeta, Morogoro
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2004) Chibehe Musa Moses
Earlier approaches to extension work emphasized the use of individual contact farmers
rather than farmers groups by believing that new agricultural techniques would flow from
innovators to the rest of the farming community through the “trickle down effect”
However, this assumption was found to be inappropriate, particularly in poor third word
countries, where the contact farmer approach seems to have failed to improve the majority
of peasant farmers and therefore farmers’ groups seem more suitable as an extension
technique than the individual approach. There is a lot of faith in farmers’ groups that
various government and non governmental organizations use this approach for their rural
extension programs, but at the same time many groups collapse soon after being formed
hence they are not sustainable. A study to determine factors affecting the sustainability of
farmer’s groups using Twikinde Malimbichi Cooperative Society as a ease study was
conducted in Mgeta Division (Mvomero District) of Morogoro Region.
Data were
collected through survey questionnaires and interview checklists whereby 70 respondents
were consulted through focus group discussions and personal interviews. The cut and
paste analysis was used to select the relevant information.
Also SPSS computer
programme was used for analysis. The results revealed that the idea of group formation did
not directly originate from the members themselves but it was an advice from Upper Mgeta
Horticultural Development Project (UMHODEP). However the group becomes strong and
more sustainable if origin of its formation comes from its members. Further results indicate
that the initial group vision and its objectives were good and suitable with regard to the
members’ benefits but the implementation strategies to realize the vision were not clear to
both members and leaders things which made the group objectives not to be achieved there was a minimum contribution of capital by members for the group investments such as
buildings, inputs shop, lorry and milling machine compared to the grants and loans
received by the group from external sources. This trend contributed to the poor sense of
ownership by the members in the groups’ activities, a factor that led to low sustainability
of the group. Furthermore, the group has gender imbalance such that, most of its leaders
(87%) are males, a situation which shows low participation of women in the group
activities. The findings show that technical and service supports were the common factors
that kept the group members together and proceed to remain in the group, the factors that
enhance the stability of the group membership which is the key factor for the contribution
of positive sustainability of the group.
It is recommended that, Twikinde Malimbichi
should improve its income generating projects so as to be able to generate more funds and
improve working capital of the projects hence increasing its capacity of purchasing the
horticultural products from the farmers. It is also recommended that Twikinde Malimbichi
establish clear implementation strategics to enable all members and leaders to accomplish
perfectly the group objectives and activities.
perfectly hence reducing the sustainability of Twikinde group. The findings revealed that
Awareness on type 2 diabetes mellitus does not necessarily translate to a better knowledge and practices on prevention and management among adults
(AJOL, 2023) Msollo, S.S; Shausi, G.L.; Mwanri, A.W.
The prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes is on
the rise in Tanzania. This creates a need to explore knowledge on prevention and management
for designing appropriate interventions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, knowledge
and practices on prevention and management of type 2 diabetes among adults in urban areas of
Dodoma region. This cross-sectional study involved 313 randomly selected adults. A pre-tested
questionnaire adapted from the Tanzania STEPS SURVEY was administered through face-to-
face interviews. Fasting blood capillary was tested using Gluco-plusTM. Sixty three percent were
females and 53.6% (n=168) completed primary school. About 11% (n=35) had diabetes and 23%
(n=72) pre-diabetes of which 82% (n=88) were undiagnosed before this study. About 60% (n=188)
knows that diabetes can be prevented whereby 34% (n=64) and 21.3% (n=40) mentioned preventive
measures to be physical activities and eating balanced diet respectively. Knowledge was positively
associated with education level (AOR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.57-3.25) and female sex (AOR 1.76, 95% CI:
1.08-2.87). Half of the respondents did not know how to manage diabetes; 46% (n=70) mentioned
diet as the only management strategy while 24% (n=36) mentioned physical activity. Furthermore,
all participants were aware of type 2 diabetes existence of which 48% (n=150) reported it to be
a consequence of overweight/obesity. However, about 89% (n=278) were unaware of gestational
diabetes. Although pre-diabetes and diabetes rate was high, majorities were undiagnosed before
the study and there was limited knowledge on prevention and management of diabetes creating a
need for public education.
Evaluation of bacteriological quality and safety of sugarcane juice locally processed and vended in Dar es salaam city, Tanzania
(Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2023) Issa-Zacharia,Abdusudi; Rwabunywenge,Stephen Paul
The prevalence of foodborne illness linked to the intake of freshly squeezed juices sold by street
vendors is on the rise, despite the widespread use of these beverages by millions of people in
developing nations. Hence, a study was undertaken to evaluate the microbiological standard and
safety of locally processed and street-vended sugarcane juices in Dar es Salaam to ascertain their
present condition. A total of 60 samples of sugarcane juice were gathered and examined. Street
vendors involved in the sugarcane juice business were interviewed followed by physical-chemical
and microbiological laboratory analysis. The pH of unpasteurized sugarcane juice was 4.8 and 4.9
for iced and raw, respectively while the pH for pasteurized and pasteurized juice in which citric acid
was added were receptively, 4.3 and 3.1. The average level of titratable acidity was 0.083%. The
Soluble solids (°Brix) of unpasteurized raw, iced and pasteurized sugarcane juice ranged from 12.2-
22.1, 2.4-13.8 and 14.1-15.8. The total plate counts (TPC) of unpasteurized sugarcane juice showed
a mean of 5.592 and 5.64 log cfu/mL for raw and iced sugarcane juice, respectively. About 90% of
samples were above TBS and Codex recommended maximum limits of 3.7 to 4 log cfu/mL or 5×103-
104 cfu/mL. Unpasteurized raw and iced sugarcane juice were contaminated with 1.79 and 2.10 log
cfu/mL of E. coli while no typical Salmonella spp. was detected in all 60 samples. The study
concluded that the microbiological quality and overall handling practices associated with
unpasteurized sugarcane juice sold in Dar es Salaam City were substandard.