Theses and Dissertations Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://10.10.97.169:4000/handle/123456789/1004

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 299

Access to and adoption of improved seeds by smallholder farmers in Tanzania: cases of maize and rice seeds in Mbeya and Morogoro regions
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Monela, Anna Gerald
The research was done to assess accessibility and adoption of improved maize and rice seeds among 200 smallholder farmers in Mbeya and Morogoro Regions. The specific objectives were to: assess smallholder farmers‟ knowledge on improved maize and rice seeds, assess smallholder farmers' attitude towards improved maize and rice seeds, determine the accessibility of improved maize and rice seeds, estimate the adoption rate of improved maize and rice seeds and determine the impacts of some socio-economic factors on the chances of smallholder farmers‟ adopting improved maize and rice seeds. Data were collected by mainly using a household questionnaire, and SPSS was used to analyse the data whereby, among other analyses, binary logistic regression was used to determine impacts of improved seed related factors on the chances of farmers adopting the seeds. The results showed that 66% and 81% of the household heads were aware of improved maize and rice seeds, respectively; and 29.0%, 7.5% and 63% of the respondents had unfavourable, neutral and favourable attitudes towards improved seeds. It was also found that the proportions of households which had access to improved maize and rice seeds were 40.5% and 34.5% respectively, while those which had adopted the seeds were 56.0% and 71.0%, respectively. The factors which had the highest positive impact on the chances of smallholder farmers adopting improved maize and seeds were land for rice production (Wald statistic = 51.772, p < 0.001) and farmers' awareness of improved seeds (Wald statistic = 8.515, p < 0.01). It is concluded that increasing acreage for rice and creation of more awareness about improved seeds are big determinants of adoption of improved seeds. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and other institutions dealing with agriculture should put more emphasis on accessibility and adoption of improved maize and rice seeds in order to improve rice and maize productivity in Tanzania.
Accessibility and use of Local Government monitoring database in the reform programme: The case of Ludewa District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2009) MBEDE, L. E.
This study aimed at determining effectiveness of Local Government Monitoring Database (LGMD) in the realisation of Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP) in Ludewa District. The specific objectives were; (i) to examine the type of support provided by the district to villages to facilitate data gathering, management and utilization; (ii) its effects on development planning and monitoring in the district; (iii) to identify problems which hinder performance of LGMD; and (iv) to assess factors that influence effective operation of LGMD and comparison of performance of LGMD operation between semi urban and rural villages. Stratified sampling was used to obtain sample of 20 villages, 10 being semi urban and other 10 were rural villages. From these 20 villages a sample of 120 respondents was drawn. Sampling unit for this study was an- information provider drawn from members of village assembly and extension staff working with the community. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using interview schedule administered to information providers and observation was also used during survey. Data analysis was done using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS). An ordinary least square model was used to determine the influence of independent variables on the level of effective operation of LGMD. The study revealed that there is no significant difference in the performance of LGMD operation between semi urban and rural villages. This is due to the short life span of the project to manifest true characters of effect in LGMD operation. However, preliminary signs show that there is difference in effectiveness of LGMD between semi urban and rural settings- implying the need of having consideration of urban or rural and metropolitan or periphery conditions on programmes which are to operate throughout the country. Since LGMD is owned by Government and extend from national to community level the Government should consider financing data collection and management to ensure its effectiveness.
Adaptive capacity to climate change and food security among artisanal fisher folk in Rorya District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture., 2015) Sidi, Lucy Shallie
This research was carried out in the inshore of Lake Victoria, Rorya District in particular, to examine determinants of gendered adaptive capacity to climate change and its role in enhancing food security among artisanal fisher folk. The specific objectives were: to examine fishers perception on climate change by gender; to determine the adaptive capacity of artisanal fishers by gender; and to determine factors affecting the adaptive capacity to climate change by gender. A total of 90 small scale fishers were sampled. The sample was drawn from three villages from three wards, and it comprised of 30 respondents per village. Data were collected using the following methods: questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion and key informants‟ interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 16.0, whereby descriptive analysis was done Likert scale was applied to facilitate inferential analysis and adaptive capacity index (ACI) was developed. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The results showed that the majority (80%) of the respondents had a positive perception towards climate change, while one-tenth of the respondents had a negative perception. Moreover, artisanal fisher folk adaptive capacity index was at a lowest average as its overall ACI was 18.54. However, it plays a vital role in enhancing food security among artisanal fishers and the fishing community. The study concludes that, Artisanal fishers are aware of climate change and how it affects food security but have a low adaptive capacity to fight against climate change risks and crisis. The study recommends that there should be improved provision of training to enhance fishers‟ ability over climate change and the government should intervene in fishing communities to improve their adaptive capacity.
Adoption of conservation agricultural practices among smallholder farmers: A case study of Uluguru mountains, Morogoro district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2016) Msangi, I. R.
Adoption of Conservation Agricultural Practices (CAPs) is fundamental for ensuring improved agricultural productivity. This study was conducted among Smallholder farmers to assess factors associated with adoption of CAPs for Land Management in Uluguru Mountains in Morogoro district. A purposive sampling was employed to select three villages where different CAPs are promoted and a sample size of 100 smallholder farmers was selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to obtain frequencies to describe knowledge level and attitude of farmers towards adopting CAPs. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship of adopting CAPs to socio-economic attributes of the respondents. Multiple Regression analysis was used to determine the influence of socio-economic on adoption of CAPs. Findings show that smallholder farmers have adopted CAPs that include contour strip cropping, crop rotations, direct planting of crop seeds on the rip line, mulching, intercropping, crop rotation, cover crops, minimum tillage, no burning of crop residues and agro-forestry. Some CAPs were not adopted by smallholder farmers because they were never taught and some being not well understood, difficult to use, consume more time in application, and some CAPs were thought not beneficial. Sex, age, education, farm size, income, farming experience, availability of extension services, land ownership, plot site and presence of land use bylaws were highly associated with adoption of CAPs among smallholder farmers. Again, findings from multiple linear regression show that age, family size, income, farm size, availability of extension services and presence of bylaws highly influenced adoption of CAPs among smallholder farmers were statistically significant at p≤ 0.05. Therefore, adoption of CAPs should be enhanced through strengthening extension services, promoting CAPs targeting specific land sites, and those which yield more positive income to smallholder farmers.
Adoption of improved technologies in coconut production by smallholder farmers in West district, Zanzibar
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2015) Khalfan, Neema Abdula
Despite the initiative being made by the government and other stakeholders to promote improved technologies in coconut production among the smallholder farmers in West District in Zanzibar, its yield remains very low. This study intended to assess the adoption of improved coconut production among smallholder farmers in West District. Specifically, the study objectives were to: assess farmers‟ attitude towards improved technologies; assess level of coconut yield before and after the year 2000 of adoption technologies, identify the challenges of using adopted technologies, determine the impact of adoption of improved technologies on the level of coconut production and determine factors influencing coconut production among smallholder farmers. A total of 100 respondents were involved in this study. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. The findings indicate that smallholder farmers had negative attitude towards improved technologies for coconut production. The mean yield of coconut was 41.08 and 17.74 nuts /palm/year before and after adoption of improved technologies respectively. This indicates that there is a decrease in production inspite of the adoption of the new technologies. The major challenges for using adopted technologies among the smallholder farmers were unaffordable of fertilizer, low replacement spacing, scarcity of land and difficult to control coreid bug. Factors such as income from the coconuts; farm size and education significantly (p< 0.05) influenced the adoption of improved technologies on coconut production. The study, therefore, concludes that adoption of improved technologies had reduced coconut production. The study recommends that the Government under the Ministry of Agriculture should support training; dissemination improved technologies, extension officers and smallholder farmers. The farmers should also be motivated in coconut production through reducing problems hindering production such as pest control and fertilizer uses.
Adoption of innovations in participatory agricultural development and empowerment project (padep) in Tanzania
(Sokoine university of agriculture, 2011) Kapinga, George
In developing countries like Tanzania, Draught Animal Power (DAP) technology could be appropriate technology which many farmers can afford as a first step from using a hand hoe before stepping forward for using tractor in agricultural activities. This study intended to determine factors hindering adoption of draught animal power innovation under Participatory Agricultural Development and Empowerment Project (PADEP) at Handeni district. Five villages were used to get a total of 120 respondents who were then interviewed using interview schedule. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS computer programs where descriptive statistics, Likert scale and logit model of regression were used. It was found from this study that farmers had negative perception towards PADEP meanwhile having positive perception towards the use of DAP. It was also found that despite the project involving DAP use, most of farmers, including those who were involved in the project and those who were not involved in the project in the study area were still using a hand hoe. This was contributed in most cases by lack of capital which could be used to run other agricultural technologies having some kind of costs when compared to hand hoe. It was revealed further that there were some factors which statistically influenced positively to the adoption of DAP in the study area. These include household size, average income, costs, extension services and market. Others were relative advantage, compatibility to the past experience and complexity of the technology. These were statistically found to have p < 0.05 values. Those influenced negatively to the adoption of DAP include age, sex, marital status, farm size, land size owned by the farmer, trialability and observability of the technology. These had p > 0.05 values. From these findings I recommend that projects on the use of DAP should be established and continued by both government and private institution meanwhile putting emphasis on factors found to influence positively the adoption of DAP technology in the study area.
Adoption of soil conservation technologies and crop productivity in west Usambara highlands, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Mzingula, Emmanuel Paul
Soil erosion has continued to be an alarming problem in the West Usambara highlands, Tanzania. This study was conducted to investigate the level of adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies and crop productivity in the West Usambara highlands following intensive campaigns on SWC from the early 1980s. A sample of 98 randomly selected households from four villages responded to the survey. During data collection, a structured questionnaire survey, interviews, focus group discussions and observation method were used. Multiple linear regression, Paired-samples t-test, and Chi-square were used for analysis in addition to descriptive statistics. Based on the variation of adoption, the Composite Index of Adoption was 0.512±0.156. The maximum and minimum Index adoption was 0.14 and 0.86 respectively. This indicates that each farming household managed to adopt at least one among the disseminated seven soil conservation technologies. Hence, the overall level of technology adoption was moderate. Grass strip, multipurpose trees and bench terraces were found to be the dominant technologies used by the majority of farmers in an integrated pattern. However, the study found overall significant association (χ2 (3) =55. 237; p<0.001) of crop productivity between the two periods (before and after adoption of SCTs). Using t-test, the study also found a significant increase (p<0.001) in crop productivity before and after the adoption of SCTs. Therefore, it was concluded that the adoption of SCTs had a contribution on farm plot productivity in hillsides. The average household farm plot under soil conservation intervention in the hillside was 0.54±0.45 acre. However, an extension visit (p<0.05) and technical training (p<0.05) were found to have significant influence on the adoption of a number of Soil Conservation Technologies. The study recommends intensive soil conservation campaigns which are holistic, integrative and multisectoral.
Agricultural services support programme and socio-economic empowerment of rural women in Zanzibar, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2015) Fakih, Omar Asha
Women in Zanzibar are socially and economically disadvantaged in many aspects. In view of this, the government made efforts to ensure women empowerment through development programmes such as Agriculture Services Support Programme (ASSP). However, the extent of socio-economic empowerment on women in rural areas is scanty. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the contribution of ASSP intervention to socio- economic empowerment of rural women in Zanzibar. Specifically, the study assessed the ASSP empowerment strategies, women participation levels and attitude towards ASSP. The study also compared empowerment levels between programme and non-programme members. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 200 women in ten shehia of Mkoani district. Women empowerment levels were measured by using a Women Empowerment Index (WEI). The hypothesis to demonstrate the differences of women empowerment between programme and non-programme members was tested using Mann-Whitney U-test. The results showed high extent of women participation in study visits, training and regular meetings and moderate participation was noted on Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Women benefited socially and economically due to their participation in ASSP. The results suggested high level of empowerment for women in the ASSP programme. This was confirmed by Mann-Whitney U-test, which revealed increased in women decision making on production resources, increase in income and contribution on household expenses. However, mobility decision and asset ownership did not differ among ASSP and non- ASSP members due to Islamic socialization culture. Women’s attitude towards ASSP was positive indicating that strategies used to empower women were appropriate, while the lack of investment capital and time constraints hampered women's participation in the programme. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the initiative taken by theiii government through ASSP left significant change on rural women's socio-economic status in Mkoani district. However, consideration of the women financial support is among other things recommended for other coming women empowerment programmes.
Agrobiodiversity and food security among smallholder Farmers in uluguru mountains, Tanzania
(2007) Mbwambo, Jonathan Stephen
The study was done in Uluguru Mountains to determine the linkage between agrobiodiversity and household food security among smallholder farmers. Specifically the study sought to: identify the major farming systems including the management and organizational aspects of agrobiodiversity and the associated indigenous practices; determine household food security status and coping strategies among smallholder farmers in the study area; analyse' factors influencing household food security in the study area; determine crop diversity; and analyse socio-economic factors influencing agrobiodiversity and household food security. Using PRA, questionnaire surveys and diversity inventory from four villages and 120 randomly selected households, the study found that food security in the study area depends largely on the diversity of crops maintained by the households. The study showed further that food security as a concept is locally perceived and therefore what constitutes food security may be something that goes beyond conventional thinking. The study concludes that communities have inherent abilities to deal effectively with vulnerabilities based on their past experiences and anticipated outcomes. Such experiences and outcomes bring, among other things, agrobiodiversity for household food security. While food security perceptions and food preferences may be quite localized, they point to the fact that interventions to solve problems of food insecurity may only succeed when local perceptions and preferences are considered. The study draws a number of policy and research implications including the: development of policies and strategies away from mono cropping to diversity as a I means for sustainable food and the overall livelihood security of the smallholder farmers in the study area and areas with similar conditions; development of policiesiii for awareness raising in terms of the value of agrobiodiversity for sustainable agricultural production and the need to protect potentially useful crops and the value of agrobiodiversity as a cultural heritage. The study ends by proposing areas for further research including the establishment of the level of genetic diversity needed for ecologically sound and economically sustainable agriculture; documentation of seed exchange systems and minor and less known crops and their contribution to household food security. Other recommendations include genetic mapping and the role of market integration on agrobiodiversity.
An assessment of rehabilitation approaches for persons with mental and physical disability in Morogoro Region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture., 2008) Mbambe, Lucy Eugen
More than half a billion persons are disabled as a result of mental, physical or sensory impairment. Tanzania is estimated to have 3,346.900 people with disabilities, and the majority of whom live in rural areas. Tanzania, like other countries, provides rehabilitation as a right to the disabled, but there are very few institutions that provide rehabilitation in Tanzania. Morogoro Region is one of the Regions in Tanzania that have a number of people with physical and mental disabilities. A cross sectional study on comparative assessment of Institutional Based Rehabilitation (IBR) and Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) approaches for persons with disabilities in Morogoro, in terms of their suitability and effectiveness under Tanzanian conditions was done. The study conducted in Morogoro Region, involved a total of 60 respondents, 30 respondents from Institution Based Rehabilitation and 30 respondents from Community Based Rehabilitation. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer software program. It was found that there are different services provided in different institutions in Morogoro. And the Effects of the services provided show that 67.7% have experienced changes and the remaining 33.3% had no changes due to staying too far from the centre, poverty, and severe disability. Advantages of CBR are: - interactions, familiarisation of the environments, get love from the parents, and develop the mind. Advantages of IBR are to live independently, creating understanding, vocational skills and avoiding sexual abuse. The study concludes that service provided to these institutions that have different approaches have shown slight differences. Approaches for both IRB and CBR need to be the same in terms of quality and quantity service provided, because both rehabilitate persons with mental and physical disability to live independently and provide skills to them according to their interests
An assessment of the local authorities’ policy response to the informal sector in selected wards in Morogoro Municipality.
(Sokoine University of Agriculture., 2009) Mtapa, Josephat Kilima
It is not possible to list the hundreds of people who willingly helped me in the course of carrying out this study, who offered me a great deal of their time and expertise on the subject matter. However, with great pleasure I shall make some exceptions. I would like to specifically thank the management of the Sokoine University of Agriculture which granted me a study leave and tuition fees waiver that enabled me to register for M.A (Rural Development) at SUA. In a very special way, my thanks go to my Supervisor Prof. Z.S.K Mvena for his guidance and very valuable constructive comments and suggestions which have impacted positively in shaping up my ideas through all stages in accomplishing this task. I feel privileged to work under him. I am deeply indebted to the staff of Development Studies Institute at SUA, Prof. E. Mwageni, Prof. D.S. Kapinga, Mr. M.I. Muhanga and Dr. S. Mbwambo who in various ways contributed to this work. It would be very unfair if I don’t acknowledge those who did help me in the course of data collection from various officials at Morogoro Municipal offices and Ward Executive Officers at Kingo, Mji Mkuu, Saba Saba and Kiwanja cha Ndege.
Assessement of social support projects for vulnerable groups towards poverty reduction : a case study of TASAF in Bukoba district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Lupilya, George Stanslaus
This study was conducted in Bukoba District being one of the pilot districts in Tanzania to implement social support projects supported by TASAF. The overall objective of this study was to assess the impact of social support projects on vulnerable groups in Bukoba District, Kagera Region. The specific objectives of this study were to identify TASAF development interventions on poverty reduction through social support projects; to compare social support project participants under TASAF and non-TASAF projects participants; and to determine factors that lead to sustainability of the TASAF sub- projects. A cross-sectional research design was applied in this study. A representative sample of 156 respondents (120 TASAF participants, 36 non-TASAF participants) was drawn from the sampling frame. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed statistically using statistical packages for social science (SPSS) and statistical test were done using the chi-squire to test the significant difference between the strata. The study revealed that there was no much difference in the state of living between project participants and non participants. Problems that face the projects are: inadequate cash to buy inputs, diseases of crops and animals, inadequate and ineffective extension services, insufficient cooperation within participants and leaders, long distance to the field and lack of competent trainers in carpentry, tailoring and milling projects. The study recommends that district council should make close follow up of the progress of the projects; that the inputs are available at the right time and at affordable price and sensitize the vulnerable people to form SACCOS so as to access to credits. NGOs do their responsibilities diligently; village governments should backup the vulnerable people to ensure progress of their projects and households should be aware that the projects are for their benefits andiii therefore they should ensure that they dedicate their efforts towards achievement of their project goals.
Assessment of attitude towards selling livestock among the pastoralists in Ngorongoro district of Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2009) Haule Michael Emanuel
A survey study was done in Ngorongoro District to examine and document the attitude of pastoralists towards selling livestock. The methodology employed was field visits to three villages, namely Endulen, Ololosokwan and Malambo. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), household questionnaire administration to 90 respondents and visits to livestock markets were done. Data collected were both qualitative and quantitative in nature and were mainly on dynamics in livestock selling and factors influencing the attitude towards selling livestock. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi- square test and Tobit model. The results showed that there were more sales of livestock in the years which pastoralists experienced drought (year 2006) than those years with normal weather (2007 and 2008) which was a coping mechanism from food insecurity. Furthermore, results showed that 42.2% of respondents had positive attitude towards selling cattle and 45.6% were positive towards selling goats. Results also showed that male household head, big household sizes, short distances to the livestock markets and high price of livestock tend to increase livestock sales. About 87% of respondents were willing to sell livestock at feedlot centres. In conclusion, pastoralists showed a positive attitude towards selling livestock and being male house head, big household size, short distances to the livestock markets and high price of livestock tend to increase livestock sales. Incidence of drought and hence famine lead into increased livestock but they also lead to decrease in livestock prices. It is therefore, recommended that the government in collaboration with other development actors should establish more livestock markets and networks at the village to reduce long trekking distances. Provide market links between the livestock producers and consumers of the livestock and livestock products to motivate more iii pastoralists to sell livestock. Feedlot centres should be established close to the pastoral areas.
Assessment of child abuse among street children: a case study of Dar es salaam city, Tanzania
(Sokoine university of agriculture, 2011) Luena, Francis
Child abuse among street children is a social problem which violates children’s rights and affects their development. This study assesses child abuse among street children in Dar es Salaam city. Specific objectives of the research were to analyze types of child abuse experienced by street children, determine factors contributing to increasing child abuse among street children, identify methods used by street children to escape child abuse, and examine immediate consequences of child abuse on street children. The study was conducted in Kinondoni and Ilala municipalities of the city. A cross sectional design was adopted. A representative sample of 100 respondents was drawn from a sampling frame through snowballing. The research methodologies employed were both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The methods used under qualitative methodology were Focus Group Discussion and researcher’s observations. Under quantitative methodology, questionnaires with closed and open ended questions were used to collect data. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows Version 12.0 was used for data analysis. Street children were subjected to all three types of child abuse: verbal abuse (98%), physical abuse (94%) and sexual abuse (88%). Some of the factors contributing to increasing incidents of child abuse are illegal trades done by street children, negative perception of the public towards street children and child abuse is beneficial to perpetrators. Methods used by street children to escape child abuse include running away, using of drugs and offering bribes. Immediate consequences of child abuse include street children being at risk of HIV infection. The study recommends that the Government and NGOs should educate street children so as to increase theiriii awareness about child abuse and should educate the public so as to change negative perception of the public that street children are young criminals.
Assessment of community participation in solid waste management
(Sokoine university of agriculture., 2011) Mlozi, Marietha Ndele
A study was conducted to assess the extent of community participation in solid waste management (SWM) in Mbeya City, Tanzania. Data were collected using both structured and non-structured interviews. Field observations and secondary data supplemented the data collected using questionnaires. Purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain three representative wards. At ward level, 60 respondents each from different households were picked at random for the study leading to a sample size of 180 respondents. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software. Results of the study indicated that more than 60% of the solid waste generated is of vegetable and food remains origin. The city authorities can only collect and dispose off 44% of the generated SW. The major limitations at household and community levels are lack of collection and storage facilities which could lead to serious health and environmental problems. Community members perceive SWM as a sole responsibility of local government authorities. Their perception towards SWM is quite low and their attitude in SWM is also unfavourable. It is, therefore, recommended that efforts should be directed towards training and awareness creation for purpose of enhancing their participation in SWM. The formation and strengthening of Environmental committees is crucial in order to increase the participation in SWM at a lower level. In any case, a strong link between the community and local government authorities should be created. For sustainable and meaningful SWM emphasis should be directed towards composting which should be carried out by site specific groups. This could be an attractive alternative in terms of production of fertilizer for the growing sub- sector of urban agriculture as well as income generation.
Assessment of current net benefit of water resource in different land-uses around the Kilombero valley Ramsar site in Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2010) Musamba, Emmanuel
Water scarcity is globally getting worse in the light of increase in demand for water use. Human and ecosystem health and economic development are affected by problems of water scarcity and water pollution. This study was carried out to assess the current net benefit of water resource in different land uses around the Kilombero Valley Ramsar Site in Tanzania. Specifically the study was conducted to identify different land uses related to water, to determine and estimate costs and benefits of different land uses related to water and to quantify the monetary value of water in different land uses. Household questionnaires, checklist for key informants, participant observation and PRA techniques were employed for data collection. The data relating to household characteristics and water related economic activities were analysed using SPSS (version 16) whereby the cost for production, inputs and returns were analysed and compared using Microsoft Excel. The residual imputation approach was used to estimate the values of water in different land uses. The findings revealed that the main land uses were irrigation and rainfed agriculture, livestock keeping, small scale business and vegetables production. This study also established that the net values of water for brick making, livestock and domestic use are very high averaging at around Tsh. 3 186.7 (US$ 1.7) Tsh. 1 721.7 (US$ 1.4) and Tsh. 1 282.5 (US$ 1.3) per m 3 of water consumed respectively. For irrigated crops such as paddy and non paddy crops the net values were estimated to Tsh. 273.6 (US$ 0.23) and Tsh. 87.7 (US$ 0.073) per m 3 of consumed water respectively. Results show that the return from agriculture is smaller compared to returns from other water uses. Nevertheless, since majority of households are depending on agriculture this study recommends that emphasis should be put on effective and efficient use of water to improve its productivity.
Assessment of implementation of gender mainstreaming in the workplace of Non Governmental Organisations in Llala Municipality, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2019) William, P.
Gender mainstreaming was endorsed as a global strategy for promoting gender equality in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action in 1995. Although the government of Tanzania has taken measures to mainstream gender in government institutions, such mainstreaming is little investigated in the workplaces of NGOs. This study was conducted in Ilala Municipality in Tanzania to assess implementation of gender mainstreaming in the workplace of NGOs. Cross-sectional research design was applied and data were collected through survey using a questionnaire from a sample of 60 staff of 30 NGOs. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) was also conducted. Descriptive statistics and Content Analysis (CA) were used for data analysis. The study findings revealed average (64.7%) availability of organizational policies and procedures for gender mainstreaming. Moreover, (86.7%) of respondents reported that their organizations had neither a gender focal points nor a gender department/unit and about (96.7%) of respondents reported that their organizations did not allocate funds for gender mainstreaming. Personnel were recognized to have positive attitudes on organizational culture towards gender mainstreaming. Sex disproportions was found in the organizational structures whereby the total number of male staff were 200 (54.5%) compared to 167 (45.5%) of female staff and the ratio of male and female constitute organizations‘ board of directors which make top decisions of the organizations were 104 (54.2%) for male compared to 88 (45.8%) of female. Generally, average level (63.9%) of implementation of gender mainstreaming in the workplace of NGOs was found to be a good progress though continuous efforts for effective implementation of gender mainstreaming are inevitable. Assessment of the effectiveness of Tanzania national policy on women development and gender is suggested to be conducted. The future study will provide empirical findings on reliability and validity of the policy and if it is needed to be re-examined.
Assessment of students’ academic performance under secondary education development plan (SEDIP I) implementation: the case of Nyamagana district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Makoye, Susana
The study was conducted to assess students’ academic performance under Secondary Education Development Plan (SEDP I) implementation in Nyamagana District, Tanzania. Data were collected using both structured and non-structured interviews. Field observations and secondary data supplemented the data collected using questionnaires. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select 5 schools that were in place before and after SEDP 1 implementation. At the school level, 12 teachers and 8 students from each school were randomly picked leading to a sample size of 100 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using SSPS software. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in students academic performance before and after SEDP I implementation. The results suggested that major factors which could have affected students’ academic performance included poor teaching/learning environment such as inadequate classrooms, text books, basic laboratory and library equipment/facilities. These were largely attributed to inadequate funding of the planned activities, misallocation of funds, poor participation by the key stakeholders and untimely disbursement of funds. In light of the above, it is recommended that successful implementation of future similar programmes should take into consideration the following: (1) Provision of adequate funds for budgeted activities and proper financial management, (2) Sensitization of key stakeholders in progamme/project management, (3) Provision of regular in service training to teachers aiming at improving teaching methodology and professional skills, and (4) training more teachers in mathematics and science based subjects in order to reduce the existing deficit.
Assessment of students’ academic performance under secondary education development plan (SEDP I) implementation: the case of Nyamagana district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Makoye, Susana
The study was conducted to assess students’ academic performance under Secondary Education Development Plan (SEDP I) implementation in Nyamagana District, Tanzania. Data were collected using both structured and non-structured interviews. Field observations and secondary data supplemented the data collected using questionnaires. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select 5 schools that were in place before and after SEDP 1 implementation. At the school level, 12 teachers and 8 students from each school were randomly picked leading to a sample size of 100 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using SSPS software. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in students academic performance before and after SEDP I implementation. The results suggested that major factors which could have affected students’ academic performance included poor teaching/learning environment such as inadequate classrooms, text books, basic laboratory and library equipment/facilities. These were largely attributed to inadequate funding of the planned activities, misallocation of funds, poor participation by the key stakeholders and untimely disbursement of funds. In light of the above, it is recommended that successful implementation of future similar programmes should take into consideration the following: (1) Provision of adequate funds for budgeted activities and proper financial management, (2) Sensitization of key stakeholders in programme/project management, (3) Provision of regular in service training to teachers aiming at improving teaching methodology and professional skills, and (4) training more teachers in mathematics and science based subjects in order to reduce the existing deficit.
Assessment of the contribution of TASAF programme to poverty alleviation in Ulanga District, Tanzania.
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2008) Efraji, Laurent
The study was conducted in Ulanga District to examine the contribution of TASAF programme in alleviating poverty to the community. The specific objective are to assess the provision of developmental resources before and after TASAF, to determine the performance of TASAF implementation process and its effect on income level and hence on poverty alleviation and to assess if the TASAF implementation process has improved people’s standard of living or not. A cross-sectional research design was used for the study. Random sampling was used to select one division, two wards, four villages as well as number of the desired households. Data collection was conducted using structured and non structured questionnaire, and personal observations. The study found out that 28 sub projects have been certified out of 37 funded projects and that delaying release of funds from TASAF Headquarter has attributed to the slow pace of project implementation. Also implementation of TASAF supported projects has led to additional benefits that were not ■ known or intended at the project design stage. The study observed further that TASAF programme contributed to poverty alleviation in Ulanga District especially in improving availability of social services like education, water, roads and health. TASAF I does not directly support communities’ income generating activities (IGAs). It is recommended that TASAF Headquarters should follow the operational manual to smoothen out the implementation of community project with the aim of alleviating poverty among the people of Ulanga.

Browse

Browsing Theses and Dissertations Collection by Title