Theses and Dissertations Collection

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Privatization and employment opportunities in Morogoro municipality
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2006) Mdule,Kidawa Omari
A study on privatization and the livelihood of the people was conducted in Morogoro Municipality in Morogoro Region. The general objective of the’ study was to assess the impact of privatization on employment opportunities in Morogoro Municipality. Specifically to: assess the employment opportunities before and after privatization; assess the categories of employees; assess the living standard of laid off employees; job contracts and income are indicators of employment opportunities, number of meals, housing, clothes and ability to manage education cost and asset ownership observation were used to collect data. The total sample size was 105 respondents of which 85 respondents were from industries. Among them there were 4 top managerial officers and another 20 respondents were retrenched employees. The employment opportunities have decreased by 52% therefore null hypothesis was accepted. All top managerial officers were skilled, 53% of other industrial workers were unskilled and income of employees ranged between 30 000- 50 000 Tsh per month which was inadequate for livelihood sustenance. Chi Square Test revealed no statistically significant association (p>0.005) between training and salaries per month. The laid off employees were 80% skilled; only 20% unskilled and 55% had an experience of more than ten years. The income of some laid off employees was low and unsustainable and fluctuates compared to eamings from formal sector therefore were not able to sustain their livelihood. The highest meal cost was 5 000 Tsh and the lowest cost was I 500 assess the attitude of employees towards privatization. Number of employees, skill, were indicators of livelihood. Structured, unstructured questionnaire and direct 47% were skilled. About 76.5% of employees were temporarily employed. The iii Tsh per day and about 75% paid house rent of 5 000- 8 000 Tsh per month which was difficult for them to afford. The employees showed negative attitude towards privatization. The study also revealed other findings such as sabotage, corruption and abusive language. The study concluded that; the employment opportunities have decreased, some factories were closed and some operated under capacity after privatization, new technology introduced was very little; the living standard of laid off employees was affected. The recommendations are; the government is required to monitor and supervise employment opportunity; to review privatization contract documents; to review workers salaries; preparations for the payment of the retrenched.
Socio-economic, institutional, and behavioral determinants of accessibility and utilization of agricultural information by women farmers in the Korogwe District
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Mntambo,Betty David
This study on the socio-economic, institutional, and behavioural determinants of accessibility and utilization of agricultural information was conducted in Korogwe District. Two wards were selected, these were Vugiri and Magunga and thereafter four villages were purposively selected namely; Vugiri, Bagamoyo, Kwesemangube and Magunga. The broad objective of this study was to investigate the accessibility and utilization of agricultural information for production among women farmers in Korogwe District. The study involved 100 women farmers randomly selected from four villages. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire supplemented by interview checklists for key informants and FGDs. The SPSS software was used to analyse data to obtain frequencies, percentages, and means. Chi Square test was used to determine the association between some of the variables. The findings of this study showed that education, age, extension services, and mass media determine the access and utilization of agricultural information. Furthermore, the results showed that poor household production financial credit and ignorance of sources of information. Moreover, the study found out that, sources of agricultural information (extension services, mass media, and farmers own efforts) have a direct linkage with the accessibility to agricultural information. The following recommendations were made from this study. First, since the results indicated that there is limited accessibility to agricultural information to women farmers, therefore efforts to increase the accessibility of agricultural information should be increased. Secondly, there is a need of improving extension services so as to reach targeted clients. The fact that Vugiri ward is located in the highlands, and soil erosion is among the problems which have contributed to poor production it is thus suggested that efforts should be made to introduce soil management programmes so as to increase crop production.
Religion and HIV / AIDS prevention in Dar es-Salaam region, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2009) Kayombo,Martha
Globally, religious leaders are striving for various efforts as a response to the HIV/AIDS menace, a health problem which has profound impact the people. Religion permeates into all walks of lives and that it influences peoples' morals on what is right and what is wrong. Contrary, although Africa is a global epicenter of religious practices, it is a core habitat of HIV/AIDS. Thus, the general objective of this study was to determine role of religion in HIV prevention in Dar-es- Salaam Region to determine effectiveness of religious' teachings related to HIV prevention. The study adopted cross sectional design'using open and closed ended questionnaires applied to sample size of 300 respondents in three districts of the region. 60 respondents of whom were religious' leaders while followers were 240. Interviews with key informants and focus group discussions (FGDs) were applied in data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 10) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and index scales were used to determine: level of knowledge of leaders on HIV/AIDS and their behaviours; and followers' altitude HIV/AIDS was high though had little influence on preachings related to HIV/AIDS mostlv affected by peoples' sexual behaviour, low level of religiosity and social religious' institutions and develop common strategies on HIV/AIDS prevention. Il is also recommended that religious' leaders of all denominations should work together on spirituality of towards religious' preachings. The study found that the knowledge of leaders on prevention. Religious followers had positive attitude towards religious preachings and their leaders' behaviour. The conclusion is that HIV/AIDS prevention was economic factors. The study recommends the government to work together with spiritually with focus on social and economic factors which also contributes to the menace so as to avert the problem.
Participation in development interventions: the case of selected community projects supported by TASAF II in Mwanga district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2010) Mussa, Salimu
Despite the fact that funds to support TAS Ah' II sub projects in Mwanga District arc disbursed in time, most of sub projects are not timely completed. Therefore, this study assessed the nature and extent of community participation in development intervention in the case of selected community sub projects funded by TASAF II in Mwanga District. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying different stakeholders involved in community sub projects, assessing the level of awareness of the community in TASAF II sub projects, examining the extent to which community members arc involved in sub projects, comparing the levels of participation among categories of respondents and identifying the factors that influence community participation in sub projects funded by TASAF II. This study used a cross-sectional research design in which 150 respondents were selected from five villages using both simple random and purposive sampling methods. Data collection methods were questionnaires for respondents and checklists for key informants. The data were statistically analysed to obtain frequencies, percentages and chi square tests. The study findings show that stakeholders in the sub projects were local government officers, village governments, community management committees and the community at large. In addition, findings show that 51.3% of the respondents had least understanding about TASAF II while more respondents participated in awareness (96.7%), EPRA (100%) and in part of actual implementation (91.3%). The study further identified factors influencing participation as: project awareness. level of community participation, willingness and time availability. Chi-square tests indicated that the extent of participation in TASAF II sub projects’ activities was not associated with tested demographic and socio-economic factors. Furthermore, poor participation in meetings, inadequate awareness raising and poor economic status were the major challenges to community participation. The study recommends regular awareness raising and training to key stakeholders on the concept of community participation, project design, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Also motivation to encourage more participation by villages is essential if the continuous participation in sub-project work is to be maintained.
Perception of local communities on the effectiveness of opportunities and obstacles to development (o&od) in Kishapu district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Nyalaja, Paulo Andrea
This study was conducted in Kishapu District with the objective of investigating the perception of local communities on the effectiveness of Opportunities and Obstacles to Development (O&OD) in rural area. Three specific objectives were addressed namely, to determine the perception of community members on using O&OD on planning and implementation of development projects; to identify how the grassroots’ communities understand the types of development projects implemented through community participation and to examine the status of O&OD in line with implemented development projects at grass root levels. An interview schedule and checklist of questions were used to collect data. A total of 120 respondents who were the household heads from four villages were interviewed. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The major findings in the study area revealed that: First, most of the respondents were aware of the O&OD as a community participatory planning technique. Second, the local communities had positive perception towards O&OD. Third, O&OD had sensitized the local community on adoption of bottom - up planning approach. Fourth, O&OD as a participatory planning technique empowered people in decision making, participation on development projects identification, planning, implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). Fifth, the implemented development projects were effective and the local communities’ benefited from them. Then, the regression model results revealed that community participation on projects implementation, number of years of schooling and the size of the households had positive correlation to effectiveness of O&OD and statistical significant at 5% confidence interval level.
Assessment of learning tools in the context of different learning approaches: the case of striga biology and management in Dodoma
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2002) Nyankweli,Emmanuel
A study to assess learning tools and approaches for improving fanners’ and other stakeholders’ knowledge as well Dodoma rural, at Chipanga ‘A’ and Mvumi Makulu villages. Striga is a nuisance weed in cereal production and fanners understand it as a primary yield reducer. Despite this fact, there is a general lack of awareness of the problem, especially concerning the biological aspects of Striga. Previous research findings reveal that fanners have little understanding of Striga biology. A multi-phase data collection method was employed whereby 133 respondents were consulted in a scries of focus group discussions, in-depth and key informant interviews. The cut and sort analysis of information transcripts was employed on the evaluation of radio as a learning tool. Training needs for fanners and other stakeholders were assessed and various factors influencing the use of knowledge were explored. The results revealed that farmers and other stakeholders in Tanzania had known Striga before independence. Fanners were noted assigning different names to Striga, which reflects the nature of the weed and its effect on crops. They were able to describe the types of soils where Striga is prevalent as well as some control measures. However most of the farmers control Striga by hand hoe weeding and uprooting since their social economic conditions do not fit the new methods. Moreover fanners and other stakeholders have indicated that Striga does not only attack the fields of economically poor farmers, but rather cuts across all groups regardless of their economical status and the weed has potential to increase and spread to as understanding of Striga biology was carried out in performed. Also SPSS was neighbouring fanners, distant fanners as well as non-governmental organisations. No loaming tool was taken as superior to others in conveying knowledge to farmers, rather the suggestion is to use a combination of learning tools and approaches to meet this crucial goal. Nevertheless, most (about 60 percent) farmers in Dodoma niral do not have radios and a similar proportion farmers confessed that they never heard of any agricultural programme through the radio. About ninety per cent of the farmers had never heard about Striga through the radio. The study recommends the use community theatres and competent resource fanners to send across messages concerning Striga. It also recommends initiating radio farm forums in future as this approach has potential to reach many farmers in the niral population
Liberalized market conditions and effects of informal cross border trade on women traders’ wellbeing at Sirari border, Tarime district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture., 2014) Nkaina Robi Elizabeth
The main purpose of the study was to assess whether the liberalized market conditions (in the East African Community (EAC) known as Custom Union (CU) protocols) have helped women informal cross border traders (WICBTs) to improve their wellbeing or not. The specific objectives were to: assess the socio-economic characteristics of women who were involved in ICBT, assess women traders’ awareness on liberalized market conditions, examine the push factors for women involvement in ICBT, identify challenges faced by WICBTs and lastly to investigate on the effects of ICBT on women traders’ income. A snowball sampling procedure was employed to obtain 100 respondents at Sirari border. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Observation and Key informant interviews. Data were analysed through quantitative approaches using SSPS. The major findings from the study show that most of the WICBTs were not aware of liberalized market conditions (EAC Custom Union protocols). Consequently, most of them were unable to maximize their profit from informal cross border trade. The increase of goods penetration from different East African countries by big traders of different value and price limited women’s informal businesses running. Although women traders, to some extent, accessed trading resources needed for ICBT, they hardly controlled the same resources due to lack of financial resources. The findings show that many women traders are in dilemma to choose a safer category between the formal and informal cross border because the two categories face almost the same challenges.
Quality of education of secondary schools under secondary education development program (sedp). The case of Karagwe district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2010) Paulin,Paul
The main objective of this study was to analyze the quality of education of secondary schools established under Secondary Education Development Program (SEDP) in comparison to private schools in Karagwe District. Specifically the study determined the perception of community members (students, teachers, and parents) toward public ward secondary schools; also a comparison of academic performance between public ward and private secondary schools in rural and urban areas was made. Teaching practices and environment that promote quality of education in schools were also examined. It was an exploratory study which used a cross-sectional approach. The study was carried under two phases. Phase one of the study involved pilot study and the second phase involved structured questionnaire surveys which used as the major tool for data collection. Other instruments used were interview and observation schedules, likert scale. Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) checklist and documentary review. The study was carried in eight secondary schools purposefully selected out of 46 secondary schools in Karagwe District. Four of the selected schools were under SEDP while the other four were private schools. It involved 377 respondents who were purposefully and randomly sampled. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used to analyze quantitative data whereas Content Analysis was used for qualitative data. The study reveals that all community members (students, teachers and parents) had positive attitude toward ward secondary schools. The study findings reveal that the quality of education in public ward and private secondary schools was relatively poor. However, the study reveals that active and participatory teaching and learning methods were not frequently used, in all schools. The study also highlighted teaching environment for improving the provision of quality education. Finally the study highlighted practical recommendations on different educational stakeholders.
Socio-economic and cultural problems facing female Students’ performance in secondary schools: a case of schools in Temeke municipality, Tanzania.
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Msigwa,Walter Joseph
The study on socio-economic and cultural problems facing female students' performance in secondary schools was conducted in Temeke Municipality. In spite of measures taken by key stakeholders including the government and the NGOs in Tanzania the problem of poor academic performance is still unsolved inTemeke Municipality. The overall objective of the study was to assess socio-economic and cultural problems facing female students in secondary school education in Temeke Municipality. The specific objectives were to examine female students learning environment at school, to identify socioeconomic and cultural problems that female students face in home environment and to identify strategics needed to address female students' socio-economic and cultural problems in secondary education. The cross sectional research design was adopted in this study. Four community secondary schools were randomly selected. In each selected school secondary 30 students were randomly selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaires for students, focus group discussion and key informant interview. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 12.0 version computer software program. The results showed that, information on socio-economic and cultural problems that face female students were the root cause for poor academic performance in their secondary education. Among these were verbal harassment such as use of abusive languages, discrimination, living far from school premises, traditional ceremonies, having pre-marital sex and poor economic status of parents. There is a need of providing more education/information to the community and parents on the factors leading to poor performance of female students in secondary education.
Factors causing low response of Maasai parents and girls’ students towards secondary school education in Monduli District- Arusha Region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2008) Minde,Josephine Joseph
Provision of equality in education at all levels is central in achieving development in any society. However, in Maasai land this situation is limited due to low response of Maasai parents and girls students towards secondary school education. The problem burdens this community and the nation at large in provisions of girls’ access to Secondary Education (SE). Inspitc of government and NGOs efforts to address the issue, the problem is still persisting throughout pastoralist areas. If factors that cause low response of Maasai parents and girls towards secondary education are not examined there is a danger of gender inequality in terms of access to education. The overall objective of this study was to determine factors causing low response of Maasai parents and girls students towards secondary education in Monduli district aiming to generate empirical information on strategies to address the problem. A sample size of 125 respondents was used. Interview with key informants and individual in-depth interview were also employed. The data analysis involved use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Study findings show that low response towards SE was influenced by parents’ education, occupation and marital status. Socio-cultural factors such as norms, values and nomadic life also limit access of girls' SE. Parents support and communication to their daughters was low in education issues. Large number of children residing in a Boma was recognised as a ’ factor for the low response in educating girls although girls students attitude towards SE was noted to be positive. The study recommends creating awareness to Maasai parents in order to increase girls’ enrolment in SE. This could be done through sensitization programmes that promote girls’ access to education and adult education, cross sectional research design using open and close ended questionnaires from a bound by cultural beliefs that restrict girls education. The government should develop special policies, programmes and strategies (raising awareness on the importance of girls education to both parents and local leaders) to address the shortfall through current findings.
Perceptions of secondary school girls on the influence of traditional cultural practices on school dropout in Bagamoyo district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Mbaga,Julieth
This study determined the perceptions of secondary school female students of the influence of traditional cultural practices on school dropouts in Bagamoyo District. It specifically, aimed at describing the various traditional cultural practices in the study area; assessing the attitudes of secondary school female students on how traditional cultural practices influence attendance; and assessing social economic factors influencing female students’ attitudes towards traditional cultural practices which lead to school dropout. A cross-sectional research design was employed using a questionnaire and a checklist. This study was conducted in 8 secondary schools in Bagamoyo which were purposively selected due to their high school dropout rates and simple random sampling was used to obtain 144 respondents within schools and later on 16 female dropouts were selected using snowball technique. The total sample size was 160 respondents. Quantitative data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Descriptive statistics that is, frequencies and percentage were obtained in accordance with the objectives of the study. Qualitative data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were analyzed using structural content analysis. The Likert scale was used to measure attitudes in objective two and the analysis was done through descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to find association between socio-economic factors and attitudes of female students in objective three. Results showed that different traditional cultural practices led into girls dropping out of school. These include doing domestic chores, pregnancies, participation in initiation ceremonies, involvement in sexual intercourse, and different traditional cultural practices to ladies. Majority of the female students in the study area have negative attitude towards traditional cultural practices which lead to dropping out of school. On the other hand, participation in the practices was due to the influence of society and parents/guardians. There was also association between socio- economic factors and attitude of students. The study recommends that education stakeholders should discourage traditional cultural practices in the study area which influence girls to drop out of school.
Vocational training and employment opportunities: a case of Mtwara region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2010) Ngulyamali,Mohamed Bakari
The study was conducted in Mtwara district. Mtwara Region to examine the current status and future utility of vocational training in PPTCs and graduate's access into the labour market. A cross-sectional study was applied. A sample of 120 respondents was interviewed. questionnaires, were used for collecting data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Descriptive analysis employed the use of frequencies and percentage. The study revealed that, majority of vocational graduates has secured employment in informal economy through self-employment in carpentry, tailoring and bricklaying. The study also found that only 13% accounted for female graduates in vocational skills. Less number of women joins vocational training in rural areas. Besides vocational training in Post Primary Technical Centers are faced with lack of skilled vocational instructors, working tools and materials and insufficient food provision. It was concluded that vocational training had contributed highly in enabling vocational graduates in securing self-employment in Mtwara. The study recommends that, stakeholders of vocational training to mobilize training inputs including, physical, financial, and human resource to improve trainees' quality learning and performance, mobilize females to join vocational training and provide working tools to graduates as initial capital as well as establish association of service providers and SACCOS as a means for accessing to microfinancing institutions.
Improving community participation in supporting most vulnerable children: case study of children petty hawkers /vendors in Morogoro municipality
(Sokoine University of Agriculture., 2009) Njawa Dismas Robert
Community participation is active and genuine involvement by community in defining issues of concern to them, deciding priorities for action, formulating policies to address them, designing plans, implementing, managing and monitoring solutions and evaluating outcome. Good community participation starts in the early stages of life during which individuals children develop the skills and knowledge necessary to function within their culture and environment. This study explores achievement made in using community participatory approach to children hawkers in Morogoro Municipality. Specific objectives were to determine the main socioeconomic aspect of community participatory approach to support children petty hawkers, to investigate factors for increase on number of children petty vendors and to determine socio-economic condition that may lead to the reducing of children petty hawkers. The study was carried out in Morogoro Municipality. A cross sectional design was adopted. A representative sample of 100 respondents was drawn from a sampling frame. The SPSS was used for data analysis. The study shows that there is an effect over lack of community participation in children petty hawkers. Children who engage in business lack community care. The children petty hawkers develop a deviant behavior which leads the community not to care for their social services needs. This makes the children develop a group of their own age with a unique behaviour. The study shows that the major forces for the community participation failing to help children are due break of down moral and copying western style life. It also shows that the major forces for the children to engage in petty business are the breakdown of the family, death of the parents, peer group pressure and poverty. The study recommends that there is a need to have a comprehensive and implementation policy on the community and family and how to empower these families economically and morally.
Contribution of vocational education in poverty reduction in Mufindi District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Nzali,Agnes Stephen
The study was conducted in Mufindi district, Iringa region, Tanzania to determine the contribution of vocational education in poverty reduction among Vocational Education and Training (VET) graduates. The study adopted a cross sectional design by using a questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions from a sample size of 120 respondents (60 women and 60 men) who have completed vocational training in the past three to ten years. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in which Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was done to determine socio-economic status of the respondents* households. Key findings indicate that the majority (29.2%) of the respondents were engaged in tailoring activities followed by motor vehicle mechanics (20%). The mean income of VET graduates was Tshs. 102 775 per month with the minimum income of Tshs.18 000 and the maximum income of Tshs. 700 000 per month. Their mean income implies that the majority of the respondents earn income above the minimum government salary, which is Tshs. 80 000 per month. Results from the study also reveal that female VET graduates in Mufindi district earn less income compared to male graduates. The mean income of male graduates was found to be Tshs.119 216.67 while that of female was Tshs. 86 333.33. This is to say men eam 30.1% more than women. The difference was also found to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. However, there was no significant association between income and type of skill, duration of training and form of training (p revealed that 20.8% of the respondents’ households were poorest while 19.2% of them were better off. Major problems faced by respondents were inadequate capital > 0.05). Study findings also iii and high taxes charged for their enterprises. It education contributes a lot in poverty reduction among VET graduates in Mufindi district. Since capital was found to be the main constraint to VET graduates the study recommends that district councils and vocational training centres should help to link them with micro-financing institutions, which can provide them with credit facilities. If possible revolving loan funds should be established for the graduates and link with savings components. This will enable them acquire working capital easily and hence expand their enterprises.
Challenges facing female students in secondary schools in Tanzania: a case study of Morogoro urban
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Shirima,Andrew Omari
This study investigated challenges that secondary school female students face in Tanzania particularly in Morogoro Urban. It specifically aimed at: (i) examining female students learning environment, (ii) assessing problems that female students face and (iii) examining coping strategies that are currently adopted to address female students’ challenges. Using cross-sectional research design the study was undertaken using checklists, structured and standardised questionnaires as well as personal observation. Using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social sciences version 11.5), descriptive statistics were obtained that is, frequencies and percentages in undertaken in four secondary schools in Morogoro urban that were randomly selected, namely: Kigurunyembe, Malati, Kihonda and Kayenzi secondary schools. The entire sample size of the population was 101 respondents whereby 16 students (8 females and 8 males) were randomly selected from each school and 8 teachers (4 females and 4 males) from all four schools. Key informants were the four heads of the schools and to various challenges were found, namely: long distances, insufficient learning materials, domestic chores that result to wastage of time, vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and pregnancies. Il was as well found that, abortions, sexual relations with teachers favours from passing cars and commute buses were some of coping strategies that sometimes problems in themselves. The study recommends that, gender-friendly learning environment be facilitated whereby all education stakeholders and the entire one Municipal education officer. Major problems facing female students that result so as to get favours as well as renting rooms closer to schools and seeking transport accordance with the objectives of the study. The study was are adopted to address problems that female students face, strategies that are iii community fulfil their responsibilities individually and collectively. It further recommends that, teachers’ working conditions be improved to make the profession other carreers.
Determinants of teachers’ turnover in public secondary schools in Kahama district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Rwamatunguru,Ephraim Kaijuko
Although the government has been addressing turnover of teachers in Tanzania with concerted efforts, the turnover is still occurring in public secondary schools. The study was done to determine the extents to which various factors influence turnover study was conducted to: determine the magnitude of turnover; explore factors which influence teachers’ turnover; and determine associations between various factors for turnover and turnover itself. It was hypothesized that the chances of turnover are not the same for teachers with various factors, including financial, socio-cultural, organizational and personal. A total of 120 respondents with a teaching profession background were involved in the study. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. whereby the analytical model was binary logistic regression. In the model, the dependent variable was teachers’ turnover where: “no turnover” (0) and “turnover” (1). The findings showed that the magnitude of teachers’ turnover from secondary schools was 7%; relatively low salary payment being the leading factor and was significantly associated with turnover at the 0.1% level of significance (p < 0.001). Using a chi-square test; and, using binary logistic regression, the impact of security status at working and living places of teachers on the chances of turnover occurring was significant (B = -0.849, Wald statistics = 4.006, p = 0.045). In view of these findings, it was concluded that teachers’ turnover is high in Kahama District and influenced by many factors to quit the teaching job, the main ones being low security status at working and living places of teachers and relatively low salary payments. Based on this conclusion, secondary schools should be improved regularly to meet living standards that keep on changing.
Poverty and absenteeism of primary school pupils of Mvomero district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2009) Matiu,Asia
It was reported by Regional Education Officer that about 30% of total pupils enrolled in Mvomero District primary schools do not complete Standard seven due to chronic absenteeism. The overall average pupils’ attendance to school was 68% of total school days (198) per term in year 2006. The general objective of the study was to assess the association that existed between poverty and absenteeism of primary school pupils in the study area. Specifically, the study sought to measure attitude of pupils towards education in the area; identify the income and non income poverty variables which contribute to absenteeism and describe relationship between poverty and pupils’ absenteeism. 120 pupils stratified into two groups of regular attendees and regular absentees were selected. Survey design employed, and stratification, purposive and random sampling methods was used. The schools were Kipera, and Mlali, of Mlali Ward; Miembeni, and Mvomero of Mvomero Ward. The questionnaire, interview schedule, documentary review and check list were employed to collect data.the data was analysed by SPSS in which frequency distribution, cross tabulation, likerty scale and logistic regression model used assess the relationship with independent variables. The correlation between independent variable was significant at 91.3% The results found that, pupils from poor housing condition attending schools low income and large family sizes were five, one, and 0.05 more times likely to be absentees than their counterpart group The factors associated with absenteeism were all those factors associated with low socio-economic status and hence explaining the linkage between the household socio-economic conditions with increased rate of absenteeism observed among pupils. Therefore, it is recommended that improvement of socio-economic statuses of the parents could help alleviate the problem of absenteeism of pupils
Assessing good governance in local government authorities in Tanzania: the status of corruption in Mvomero district council
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Marcossy,Albanie Mathew
This independent study intended to establish the status of corruption in Mvomero District • Council with cross-reference to other LGAs. from the perception of the local people, and propose practical approaches/ appropriate nature of LGAs-stakeholders interactions through which Councils could fully play their role in fighting corruption and enhance good governance in their areas of jurisdiction. Further streamlining led to the general goal of establishing the status of corruption in Mvomero District Council and the possible practical approaches to redress the situation. Cross-reference data collected from other LGAs gave a general picture of the state of good governance in LGAs in Tanzania and therefore lead to the broader application of the findings. Whereas 93.30% of the respondents have shown to be aware of the term good governance. 22.90% of the respondents have participated either themselves and/ or members of their households in corruption with local government officials when seeking for various services. Whereas this report may imply that almost one person in four residents is corrupt in Mvomero District there is also a room for underreporting of the event: local people are very weary of pointing to the corrupt and or admitting themselves to have participated in the wrongdoing they are so well aware of. Inquiries through open-ended questions reveals that local peoples' participation in corruption is even more worse. Although factual and statistical evidences that corruption is rampant in Tanzania are difficult to obtain, many indications of general trends and particular scandals observed are enough to lead to a conclusion here that corruption is not only rampant in the LGAs in Tanzania but is also in the increase. If LGAs are to promote good governance, there is nothing left, but to put into action measures that will check this ever-rising trend of corruption.
Assessment of quasi-formal credit for poverty reduction: a case of women and youth development fund Nachingwea district, Lindi – Tanzania.
(Sokoine University of Agriculture., 2007) Mwailafu, Thomas Edwin Mujemaso
A study on assessment of quasi-formal credit on poverty reduction was carried out in Nachingwea district focusing on Women and Youths Development Fund (WYDF) as a case study. The study was prompted by inefficient of income generating activities towards poverty reduction a part from good environment for micro-credit services. The general objective of the study was to assess the contribution of quasi-formal credit on poverty reduction in the study area; specifically the study first, sought to investigate the operational procedures and performance of WYDF. Secondly, the study examined the target beneficiaries under WYDF. Thirdly, the study intended to identify factors that influence credit accessibility by borrowers from WYDF and fourthly, the study examined the contributions of credit on income and the livelihood of borrowers from WYDF. A cross- sectional research design was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from a sample of 102 respondents obtained through multi stage sampling technique. SPSS 11.5. was used to analyze the data. Study findings show that there was inadequate facility in meeting credit needs of women and youths in Nachingwea District. WYDF programme has limited scope and experienced serious operational inefficiencies. Lending procedures, conditions and target beneficiaries differ significantly. Findings also revealed that there is positive impact of credit to household income and livelihood. T-test indicates that there is significant difference between credit users and non-users in relation to income levels and value of household assets. The study recommended first that critical screening of target beneficiaries should be done. Second, Ministries responsible for the fund should make WYDF operate with minimal dependence on the district council. Third, credit policy should link the WYDF programme to formal financial institutions.
The contribution of women development fund (WDF) to poverty reduction in Moshi rural District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture., 2010) Mganga Heri David
The main objective of this study was to determine the contribution of Women Development Fund (WDF) to poverty reduction. Data were collected from six wards of Moshi Rural District and from the District Community Development Office offering small scale credit from WDF to women in the District. The specific objectives were to determine the level of awareness of intended beneficiaries on WDF, to examine the procedures, requirements and transaction costs for accessing loans from WDF, to examine how the credit received has been utilized, to compare the number of assets owned and housing condition before and after receiving credit from WDF and between those who have accessed credit from WDF and those who have not. 120 women (60 borrowers and 60 non borrowers), were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software where means, frequencies and percentages were established. The cross tab computer sub program was also applied to determine relationships between and among variables. T-test was also run to compare socio-economic status of borrowers and non borrowers based on asset index. The results show that there is a significant difference in assets owned and therefore socio economic status between beneficiaries of the credit from WDF and non beneficiaries. The study revealed that women can borrow and use credit to improve their lives, but the main problems are lack of awareness on the existence of WDF and lack of business skills which obstruct their opportunity of benefiting from the WDF. From the study the following are recommended: - training on how to benefit from credit fund should be given to all beneficiaries and not only to group leaders, the government should cover the costs of food and transport to the beneficiaries who are attending the training workshops, seminars and similar sessions to reduce the loan transaction costs for the intended beneficiaries.

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