Effect of genotype x environment interaction on yield performance of cowpea (vigna imguiculata-'l. walp.) in the Lake Zone of Tanzania
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Date
2013
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Sokoine University of Agricuture
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (2n=2x=22) is a member of the Phaseolcae
tribe of the Lcguminosae family. Cowpea is an important grain legume as well as
fodder crop, especially in the dry regions of Africa. The production of this crop has
been below average because of low genetic variation and cultivation of poor
yielding varieties which have not been improved. Genotype by environment
interaction studies were conducted in Misungwi. Bariadi and Maswa locations on
ten cowpea genotypes in a randomized complete block design under split plot
experiment for grain yield and other growth characters. Significant mean values
under combined analysis were observed with their mean range; germination
percentage (83.61 to 99.44%). initial plant stand (34 to 40), days to 50% flowering
(43 to 62 days) and final plant stand (34 to 40) in which the outstanding performance
for the preceding characters was observed on IT99K-1122. Mean number of pods
per plant ranged from 6 to 10 pods, whereby, VULI-1, VULI-2, TUMAINI,
FAHARI, and IT99K-573-1 had better performance for this character, for the mean
number of seeds per pod which ranged from 10 to 16 seeds, the outstanding
performance was recorded on VULI-2, Mean weight of 100 seeds ranged from 10.68
to 20.22 g, IT99K-7-21-2-2 had the highest performance for this character.
Moreover, the mean grain yield ranged from 1648 to 2379 kg/ha, TUMAINI
revealed outstanding performance for this character and the LOCAL VARIETY was
the lower performing genotype. Participatory variety selection was done at each
location during flowering and at harvest. Farmers identified IT99K-1122 as the best
genotype during flowering at Misungwi and Bariadi, while at Maswa IT99K-7-21-2-
2 was recorded as the best. PVS at harvest recorded IT99K-U22, (LOCALiii
VARIETY and IT00K-1263), and LOCAL VARIETY for Misungwi, Bariadi, and
Maswa respectively. The partial (farm) budget revealed the net income of Tsh 2 537
200/= per hectare of land grown cowpea as the profit made.
Description
Dissertation
Keywords
Environment interaction, Crop production, Lake Zone