Effect of solvent extraction on phytochemical profile and quantification of bioactive compounds in Ocimum suave (wild)
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of Current Opinion Crop Science
Abstract
Seasonal aromatic Lamiaceae shrub Ocimum suave has
insecticidal and therapeutic bioactive compounds. The plant's
phytochemical profile and effective solvents for extraction have
limited information, despite its potential as a sustainable pest
management alternative. The phytochemical composition and
quantification of solvent-extracted Ocimum suave leaves, stems,
roots, and combined samples were examined. The plant samples
were obtained at Dakawa-Mvomero. A laboratory-based
experimental design was employed to assess the effect of
different extraction solvents on the phytochemical profile and
quantification of bioactive compounds in Ocimum suave. A
completely randomized design (CRD) was used with three
replications to minimize experimental error and increase the
reliability of the results. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins,
terpenoids, and essential oils were detected in plant samples
using methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), n-hexane, and
distilled water-extraction solvents. Samples underwent
standard quantification chemical tests. Saponins (p=0.027),
essential oils (p=0.018), and alkaloids (0.018) showed
significant differences. These findings demonstrate that solvent
type significantly impacts compound extraction efficiency. Root
tannins were concentrated at 3.51mg/l and stem at 3.36mg/l
with methanol. Leaf, stem, and root terpenoids were highly
concentrated in dichloromethane 7.20% and n-hexane 5.80%
extracts. Dichloromethane 6.50%, methanol 6.20%, and nhexane 6.10% concentrated essential oils from all plant parts.
Saponins in roots, stems, and leaves were 5.60% concentrated
with distilled water. N-hexane solvent concentrated leaf
flavonoids (4.55%) and stem alkaloids (3.25%). The findings
emphasise solvent choice in phytochemical yields and suggest Ocimum suave may be an eco-friendly pesticide
Description
J. Current Opinion Crop Sci. PP: 27-41
Keywords
Ocimum suave, Extraction solvents, Phytochemical, Bio-actives
Citation
https://www.jcocs.com/index.php/ej/article/view/304