Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection
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Item Effect of solvent extraction on phytochemical profile and quantification of bioactive compounds in Ocimum suave (wild)(Journal of Current Opinion Crop Science, 2025) Munuo Mercy Sillas; Martin John Martin; Gervas, Imelda; Shechambo Lilian FanuelSeasonal aromatic Lamiaceae shrub Ocimum suave has insecticidal and therapeutic bioactive compounds. The plant's phytochemical profile and effective solvents for extraction have limited information, despite its potential as a sustainable pest management alternative. The phytochemical composition and quantification of solvent-extracted Ocimum suave leaves, stems, roots, and combined samples were examined. The plant samples were obtained at Dakawa-Mvomero. A laboratory-based experimental design was employed to assess the effect of different extraction solvents on the phytochemical profile and quantification of bioactive compounds in Ocimum suave. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with three replications to minimize experimental error and increase the reliability of the results. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and essential oils were detected in plant samples using methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), n-hexane, and distilled water-extraction solvents. Samples underwent standard quantification chemical tests. Saponins (p=0.027), essential oils (p=0.018), and alkaloids (0.018) showed significant differences. These findings demonstrate that solvent type significantly impacts compound extraction efficiency. Root tannins were concentrated at 3.51mg/l and stem at 3.36mg/l with methanol. Leaf, stem, and root terpenoids were highly concentrated in dichloromethane 7.20% and n-hexane 5.80% extracts. Dichloromethane 6.50%, methanol 6.20%, and nhexane 6.10% concentrated essential oils from all plant parts. Saponins in roots, stems, and leaves were 5.60% concentrated with distilled water. N-hexane solvent concentrated leaf flavonoids (4.55%) and stem alkaloids (3.25%). The findings emphasise solvent choice in phytochemical yields and suggest Ocimum suave may be an eco-friendly pesticideItem Challenges facing management of operational funds allocated for instructional and support needs of secondary schools in Mbeya District, Tanzania.(IJCI International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2025) Bukuku Samwel; Prof. Kazuzuru Benedicto; , Dr. Gervas Imelda; Dr. Deogratias EmmanuelThis mixed study focused on the challenges experienced by schools in managing operational funds allocated by the government for instructional and support services. The study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 17 public secondary schools in the Mbeya district, Tanzania. A sample size of 10 participants, encompassing 5 headmasters and 5 bursars, were involved to collect qualitative data by interviews that were analyzed thematically. On the other hand, a sample size of 255 respondents, encompassing members of the School Management Team (SMT) and heads of departments, were involved to collect quantitative data by questionnaire that were analyzed by descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages. The study reveals that, efficiency of schools in managing operational funds received from the government is constrained by unbudgeted mandates from local government authorities, inconsistent disbursement of funds, extended delays in fund disbursement, and teachers serving bursary and teaching roles altogether are burdened in the management of funds. The study underscores the necessity to streamline the coordination in fund allocation decisions between school administrators and local government authorities to ensure equitable allocation of requirements. The central government should also ensure consistent and timely disbursement of funds, and hire dedicated bursars to base in schools.Item Effects of parental migration on the education outcome of their children: a case of Sukuma Society in Tanzania(AJESS, 2023-10-30) Gervas Imelda; Kalungwizi Vituce Jelacy; Lweyemamu DeusThe Purpose: To investigate the effects of parents’ migration on the schooling and education outcome of their children. The study was guided by three specific objectives, namely: (i) to find out the effects of parent migration on children's academic performance. (ii) to determine the awareness of immigrant parents towards their children academic outcome and lastly (iii) to analyze the strategies taken by different stakeholders to reduce the negative effect of migration towards children schooling and academic performance. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in Ifakala District in Morogoro region in Tanzania from October 2022 to May 2023. The Study Design: The study adopted a qualitative research approach with a case study design. Research Methodology: Simple randomly sampling techniques with a total of 40 respondents were used to get the respondents. Interview, questionnaire and documentary review were used to get the desired information from the selected respondents. Questionnaire approach in data collection was used to collect information asking open ended questions to the respondents. The quantitative data were collected using interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine frequency, and percentage. Data gathered was presented in tables computed using Microsoft excel. Results: With regards to specific objectives of this study, findings of the study showed that the main effects of parents’ migration on their children among Sukuma society at Morogoro Region are, truancy, drop out from school, poverty, health problem, additional responsibility, suscept to victims of crime, lack of appropriate care and low self-esteem and emotional difficult. It was concluded that the government should put some strategies which can help the parents to overcome the effects of parents’ migration to their children’ academic outcome through educating parents on how to live with their children and motivate in their academic performance at school.Item Disparities in water accessibility in primary schools: insights from Mvomero District, Tanzania(International Journal of Education and Social Science Research (IJESSR), 2024) Saronga Hellen; Gervas Imelda; Mkenda PrisilaWater is a crucial need in schools as it supports healthy practices and other important school activities. This study investigates water availability situation in primary schools of Mvomero district of Tanzania. The study utilized a descriptive design. A sample of four primary schools was selected, and data were gathered from 300 students and 23 teachers using questionnaires. The study utilized various aspects as indicators for water scarcity condition including accessibility by distance, sufficiency for various activities, water infrastructures conditions and cleanliness of the water provided at school. Findings revealed disparities in water availability across different schools. 2 of the sampled schools had water scarcity whereas the other 2 had no water scarcity. Schools with water scarcity obtained water from longer distances, infrastructures were not functional, water for various activities was not sufficient and the water was not clean unlike schools with no water scarcity. It was recommended that investments in water infrastructure construction and maintenance should be prioritized in the affected schools. Also, training on water management practices and engaging local communities to support schools with scarcity could serve as important initiatives towards dealing with this problem.Item School labelling and its effects on students schooling: a case of selected special, ward and private schools in Tanzania(IJESSR, 2024) Gervas ImeldaThe aim of this research was to investigate the effects of school labelling specifically regarding special, ward, and private schools on students’ educational experiences. This study seeks to understand how perceptions associated with different school types influence students' motivation, self-esteem, and overall students’ academic performance. By examining the impact of these labels, the research aimed to provide insights that can inform educational policies and practices, ultimately promoting equity and improving student outcomes across various school settings. The study adopted purposive and simple randomly sampling techniques where a total of 80 respondents and 4 key informants from the study area were involved in the study. Basically, the study was qualitative in nature though quantitative approach was used to some extent. Questionnaire was used to collect requisite information to students and quantitative data were analysed by using descriptive statistics to determine frequency and percentage whereas qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. With regards to the specific objectives of this study, it was also revealed that in special schools both students and teachers are highly motivated to study and work, while in those schools labelled to be low, both students and teachers are demoralized to study and to work, these feelings in turn can have impact in the teaching and learning process of the students and teachers. Furthermore, it was found out that, special, seminary, and private schools have superior resources compared to local public schools, including a better student-to-book ratio and well-equipped laboratories. Libraries in private schools are stocked with a wide range of learning materials, and sports facilities are more readily available. On the basis of these findings, the study recommends that, Policy makers and School administrators, especially in the government secondary schools should ensure proper teacher motivational packages and their schools have enough desks and chairs both in the classrooms and libraries. Lastly, labelling of schools should be avoided as it demoralizes the stake holders even the parents don’t feel proud when their children are sent to study in inferior labelled schools.Item Students' attitudes towards choosing agriculture as a career: A case of Bihawana Agricultural Secondary School in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania.(ISRG Publishers, 2024-12-19) Gervas, ImeldaThis study explores the attitudes of students towards agriculture as a career, with a specific focus on Bihawana Agricultural Secondary School in Dodoma Municipal, Tanzania. Despite agriculture’s crucial role in Tanzania’s economy, there is a noticeable decline in youth interest in pursuing it as a career. The research seeks to understand the factors influencing students' views on agriculture, including personal preferences, societal perceptions, and the economic prospects associated with the field. Understanding their attitudes is crucial for addressing this issue and attracting more individuals to this field. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, including Questionnaires and interviews, to gather data from 60 students within Bihawana secondary school. Quantitative data were analysed by using SPSS computer software and “content analysis” technique was used to analyse qualitative data. The findings shows that, there is low percentage of students selected agriculture as their career path under their own interest, this gives an alarm on the need to invest more in agricultural schools and knowledge on the importance of agriculture in the country. Also it was found out that, most students choose agriculture as a career pass from home experience and due to lack of other employment. Moreover it was revealed that although several students at Bihawana Agricultural Secondary School acknowledge the significance of agriculture, some of them lack enthusiasm about it as a future career. Factors such as limited exposure to advanced agricultural practices, societal stigma, and the attraction of higher-paying jobs in urban areas influence their attitudes. The study suggests several measures to enhance agricultural education and interest to students, including, the government to offer appropriate and high-quality education by providing positive technical supports for the students who choose agriculture as their preferred career path by increased practical experiences, and media campaigns to shift perceptions and encourage students to consider agriculture as a viable career option. Also, parents and the society at large to support and encourage their children and youths to view agriculture with a positive eye and see it as a way of livelihood