Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection

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Modelling and mapping forest above-ground biomass using earth observation data
(Science Publishing Group, 2022) Madundo, Sami Dawood; Mauya, Ernest William; Lolila, Nandera Juma; Mchelu, Hadija Ahmed
Accurate information on above-ground biomass (AGB) is important for sustainable forest management as well as for global initiatives aimed at combating climate change in the Tropics. In this study, AGB was estimated using a combination of field and Sentinel-2 earth observation data. The study was conducted at Magamba Nature Reserve in Lushoto district, Tanzania. Field plot-based AGB values were regressed against eighteen Sentinel-2 remote sensing variables (bands and vegetation indices) using Random Forest (RF) models based on centroid and weighted approaches. Results showed that the weighted model had the highest fit and precision (pseudo-R 2 = 0.21, rRMSE = 68.23%). A prediction map was produced with a mean AGB of 223.47 Mg ha -1 which was close to that of the field (225.19 Mg ha -1 ). Furthermore, the standard deviation of the AGB obtained from the map (i.e 174.04 Mg ha -1 ) was relatively lower as compared to the one obtained from the field-based measurements (i.e 97.42 Mg ha -1 ). This study demonstrated that Sentinel-2 imagery and RF-based regression techniques have potential to effectively support large scale estimation of forest AGB in the tropical rainforests.
Applications and challenges of information and communication technology in the forest sector: a case study of Morogoro municipality, Tanzania
(Science Publishing Group, 2022) Ahmad, Mchelu Hadija; William, Mauya Ernest; Juma, Lolila Nandera; Dawood, Madundo Sami
In Tanzania there is rapid adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the forest sector and other allied sciences. Many of the uses of ICT in the forest sector are relatively new or still on the horizon and majority are not documented. Despite that, studies on the application and challenges of ICT in the forest sector of Tanzania are still limited to up to date. This study was conducted in Morogoro Municipality to document the current application and challenges of ICT in the forest sector. Data on awareness, type of professional experts with ICTs based, ICTs application domain in forest, infrastructures, software used and outputs were collected from different forest institutions located in Morogoro Municipality using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics of the parameters were done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and R statistical package. The results have shown that, there is a promising trend towards applications of ICT in the forest sector, where about 75% of the respondents were aware of the ICT applications, while 25% were not. There were eight types of professionals in the forest sector with background in ICT’s based technology with higher application on data storage and analysis, documentation and forest inventory. The main challenges observed were related to the availability of infrastructures, internet connectivity and qualified personnel.
Variation of basic density and fibre length in lonchocarpus Capassa (rolfe) wood from Kilosa district, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2016) Kayumba, I; Iddi, S; Augustino, S; Makonda, F.B.S
Within tree radial and axial variations of wood basic density and fibre length of Lonchocarpus capassa (Rolfe) were investigated using three mature defect free trees from Kilosa District, Tanzania. Samples for determination of wood basic density and fibre length were collected from the butt, the middle and the tip of the stem height and six radial positions. Wood basic density and fibre length were determined following standard procedures. The average wood basic density and fibre length were 569.3 kg m -3 and 1.38 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that stem height and radial positions had significant effect on wood density and fibre length. There was no positive linear relationship between wood basic density and fibre length. Based on density, the wood of L. capassa is heavy and is more or less comparable to that of Khaya anthotheca. The two species can therefore be used exchangeably if wood density is the only pre-requisite. Normally, heavy timbers are suitable for wood fuel from their high calorific values. The fibres of L. capassa are longer than those of the commonly used species in pulp and paper production in Tanzania, showing the potential of L. capassa for being used in pulp and paper making.
Lumber recovery and production rates of small-scale mobile sawmilling industries in northern Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2021) Lolila, N.J; Mchelu, H.A; Mauya, E.W; Madundo, S.D
This study was carried out to quantify technical efficiency of mobile sawmills by determining the lumber recovery rates and production rates of two mobile sawmills namely as Wood-Mizer (band saw machine) and Ding-dong (circular saw machine). The study was conducted in Lushoto district, located in the Northern part of Tanzania. The results indicated that Wood-Mizer had lumber recovery of 51.3% and production rate of 0.64m 3 /hr., while Ding-dong had lumber recovery rate of 35.2%, and production rate 0.86m3/hr. Generally, results have shown that both sawmills have reasonable lumber recovery rates and production rates irrespective of the differences between the two, however Wood-Mizer had great conversion efficiency compared to the Ding-dong machine. Considering the reduced supply of saw logs for sustainable forest management, a machine with high conversion efficiency is highly encouraged than machine with high speed of production, thus Wood-Mizer stands to have more chances of applications as compared to Ding-dong machine which had relatively higher production rates. However, we encourage further studies to be conducted with diverse sets of factors associated with economic aspects as well as tree species to have more baseline information on the performance of these two mobile sawmilling machineries.
Modelling and predicting measures of tree species diversity using airborne laser scanning data in miombo woodlands of Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2021) Mauya, Ernest William
In the recent decade, remote sensing techniques had emerged as one among the best options for quantification of measures of tree species diversity. In this study, potential of using remotely sensed data derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) for predicting tree species richness and Shannon diversity index was evaluated. Two modelling approaches were tested: linear mixed effects modelling (LMM), by which each of the measures was modelled separately, and the k-nearest neighbour technique (k-NN), by which both measures were jointly modelled (multivariate approach). For both methods, the effect of vegetation type on the prediction accuracies of tree species richness and Shannon diversity index was tested. Separate predictions for richness and Shannon diversity index using LMM resulted in relative root mean square errors (RMSEcv) of 40.7%, and 39.1%, while for the k-NN they were 41.4% and 39.1%, respectively. Inclusion of dummy variables representing vegetation types to the LMM improved the prediction accuracies of tree species richness (RMSEcv = 40.2%) and Shannon diversity index (RMSEcv = 38.0%). The study concluded that ALS data has a potential for modelling and predicting measures of tree species diversity in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania.
Aboveground biomass and carbon stock of Usambara tropical Rainforests in Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2021) Mauya, E.W.; Madundo, S
Forest Above ground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock (AGC) estimation is important for carbon budget accounting, sustainable forest management as well as for understanding the role of forest ecosystem in the climate change mitigation. In the recent decade, there has been a growing global interest on quantifying AGB and AGC in the tropical countries. However, the information on AGB and AGC at local and subnational scales in most of the tropical forests is scattered and not consolidated. In this study, we reviewed the existing information on AGB and AGC for tropical rainforests of northern Tanzania. We used both data published in the peer-reviewed literature and data from unpublished sources provided by various sources. Our results showed that, there are three types of data sources and methods used for estimation of AGB and AGC. These included, field, geographical information system and remote sensing. Of all the methods, field based method was applied to a large extent. The average reported minimum values of AGB and AGC are 177.00 Mg ha -1 and 88.5 Mg ha -1 , and the maximum average values are 872 Mg ha -1 and 436 Mg ha -1 respectively. Overall, the average values of AGB and AGC in the Usambara tropical mountain forests (UTMFs) are 351.08 Mg ha -1 and 175.54 Mg ha -1 respectively. Forest structure parameters, particularly tree sizes and number of tree stems, were the major structure parameters reported to affect the amount of AGB and AGC. To conclude, the study revealed that there is a progressive trend in the estimation of AGB and AGC in the UTMFs. However, more update and effective forest survey data and methods are needed particularly in west Usambara mountain forests block.
Modeling productivity and costs of mechanized tree length skidding operations
(2021) Temba, G.P; Mauya, E.W; Shemwetta, D.T.K
Skidding operation constitute the entire process of moving felled trees from the stump site to the roadside landing. This operation normally bears substantial amount of the mill delivery costs. Thus, detailed information on productivity and cost is important for planning of cost-effective skidding operation. This study was conducted at Sao hill Forest plantation to quantify productivity and costs of tree length skidding operations. Continuous time study technique using snap-back method was used for time recording. Costs data were obtained from Mufindi Paper Mill logging department. Productivity and costs modeling, were performed using Microsoft excel. The analysis, showed that; the average productivity of the grapple skidder using tree length (TL) ranges between 398.423 m 3 /hr at a distance of 10 m and 49.862 m 3 /hr at a distance of 80 m. On the costs analysis, the unit skidding costs tends to increase with an increase of skidding distance (m) from 512.197 TZS/m 3 at a distance of 10 m to 4,092.675 TZS/m 3 at a distance of 80 m. Based on these findings it is recommended that variables distance and volume are the core factors to consider during planning to enhance efficient and costs effective skidding operation.
Properties of manilkara discolor (sond.) Hemsl.): A lesser–known Timber species from kilindi district Tanzania
(2009) Gillah, P.R; Makonda, F.B.S; Kitojo, D.H; Ishengoma, R.C; Ussiri, N.E
This work was conducted to determine some physical and mechanical properties of Manilkara discolor, a lesser-known and lesser-utilized timber species from Kilindi District Tanzania. Three large trees free from visible defects were selected, felled and small sample pieces of 20 mm x 20 mm x 60 mm for compression, 20 mm x 20 mm x 20 mm for shear, 20 mm x 20 mm x 45 mm for cleavage and 20 mm x 20 mm x 300 mm for static bending, comprising 72 pieces for each test were prepared. The sample pieces were tested in laboratory using standard methods. The wood was brownish and attractive, fine textured with appealing figure and attaining good finish when plained. The results showed the species to have wood basic Density of 765 kg m -3 , Modulus of Elasticity of 14,341 N mm -2 , Modulus of Rupture of 119.48 Nmm -2 , Work to Maximum Load of 0.132 mm Nmm -2 and Work to Total Fracture of 0.284 mm Nmm -2 . The Compression parallel to grain was 41.69 Nmm -2 , Shear parallel to grain was 18.65 Nmm -2 and Cleavage Strength was 34.97 Nmm -2 . Manilkara discolor wood was found to have desirable values and can be used to substitute other species which are currently in danger of over-exploitation.
The influence of energy policy on charcoal consumption in urban households in Tanzania
(Elservier, 2020) Doggart, Nike; Ruhinduka, Remidius; Meshack, Charles K; Ishengoma, Romanus C; Morgan-Brown, Theron; Abdallah, Jumanne M; Spracklen, Dominick V; Sallu, Susannah M
The sustainability of energy use in the residential sector has relevance for global initiatives to achieve sustainable development and limit climate change. Using the city of Dar es Salaam, in Tanzania, as a case study, we look at how national energy policy has influenced household cooking energy use between 1990 and 2018, and how en- ergy policy could achieve further progress to realise national and global priorities. The study involved question- naire surveys of households, retailers, transporters and producers of charcoal; semi-structured interviews with government officials and non-charcoal fuel suppliers; price data collection; a comparative analysis of prices and taxes for different cooking fuels; and policy and document review. Trends in energy policy and demand for different fuels, are compared. We find that Tanzania's national energy policies have focused on achieving an energy transition from biomass to electricity and fossil fuels, with an increasing focus on supply-side issues. Fiscal policy tools have been used effectively to reduce demand for kerosene, while increasing demand for lique- fied petroleum gas. However, this has not resulted in a transition away from biomass, with most households using multiple fuels (fuel stacking). Charcoal remains the cheapest (excluding firewood) and most widely used fuel, reflecting the strong influence of price in consumer fuel choices. Energy policy needs to acknowledge the continued dominance of charcoal in urban energy use. In the context of rapid urbanisation and increased energy demand, there is a need for sustainable urban energy planning across a range of fuel types including charcoal, in ways that balance economic, social and environmental outcomes. Greater inter-sectoral coordination is needed to improve the sustainability of urban residential energy supplies. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Energy Initiative. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Comparison of dimensional stability of particle boards Manufactured in Tanzania and those imported from South Africa
(2004) Gillah, P.R; Ishengoma, R.C; Deogratias, J; Kitojo, D.H
Dimensional stability properties of particleboard from Tembo Chipboard Ltd, located in Tanga, Tanzania and of those imported from South Africa were determined and compared. A total of 64 test samples, 32 from Tembo Chipboard Ltd and 32 from South Africa chipboard cut randomly from boards were used for the study. Prior to the determination of the dimensional stability, moisture content and basic density of boards were determined in accordance to EN 322 and EN 323 standards respectively. Determination of dimensional stability was based on water soak test, according to EN 317 standard. From the results, the basic densities of particleboard from Tembo Chipboard Ltd and those from South Africa were very similar at 687 and 671 kg/m3 respectively. Similarities in basic densities allowed for comparison of other properties. Thickness swelling and water absorption values of chipboards from Tembo Chipboard Ltd and S. Africa increased with increase in water immersion period. Comparatively, boards from Tembo Chipboard Ltd had lower thickness swelling and water absorption than boards from South Africa. Furthermore, less board damage due to water immersion was demonstrated by boards from Tembo Chipboard Ltd than those from S. Africa due to their low irreversible thickness swelling. The particleboards from Tembo Chipboard Ltd are more dimensionally stable than similar boards from S. Africa.
Potentials of lesser known and lesser utilized indigenous agroforestry Timbers in Kilosa district, Morogoro Tanzania
(2015) Makonda, F.B.S.; Augustino, S; Gillah, P.R; Ishengoma, R.C; Kitojo, D.H; Ruffo, C; Eriksen, S; Msanga, H.P
The paper presents baseline results of gathered important information for inference in establishing optimal production and utilization of Lesser-known (LK) and Lesser-utilized (LU) indigenous agro- forestry timber species (IAGTS) in improving incomes of rural communities in Kilosa District. The main key questions were: what are the characteristics of the sites for establishing LK and LU IAGTS; who are the main actors in establishing LK and LU IAGTS; what are LK and LU IAGTS and other species for establishment in the study area and what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for establishing LK and LU IAGTS in the study area. Data collection was participatory, involving key stakeholders, participants’ observations and literature surveys. A total of eight villages were identified as potential sites for nursery establishment with seven main actors’ mostly local communities engaged in tree planting activities under associations. Five priority LK and LU IAGTS were identified and selected for nursery establishment. These were: Lonchocarpus capassa (Mfumbili), Sclerocarya birrea (Mng’ongo), Vitex doniana (Mfudu), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia (Msolo) and Combretum zeyheri (Mlama mweupe). The strengths and opportunities favouring the establishment of LK and LU IAGTS nurseries were identified, with a few weaknesses and threats which needed to be worked upon.
Physical and strength properties of azadirachta indica, (a. Juss) Growing in Morogoro, Tanzania
(2008) Gillah, P.R; Augustino, S; Ishengoma, R.C; Nkomulwa, H.O
Physical and strength properties of Azadirachta indica growing in Morogoro, Tanzania were determined and the results compared with already known properties of timber of the same family. The properties determined included basic density, bending strength, stiffness, work to maximum load, total work, compression and shear parallel to the grain and cleavage strength. A total of 160 test samples were used from three trees randomly selected from the study area. Preparations of test samples, actual testing and determination of different properties were carried out following standard methods. All strength property values were adjusted to 12% moisture content. Results showed A. indica to have a mean basic density of 646 kg m- 3, classified as high density timber, comparable to that of Khaya anthotheca and Trichilia emetica from the same family. The overall strength properties of A. indica are lower compared to those of K. anthotheca and T. emetica, however, superior in terms of cleavage strength. Based on the studied properties, the species can successfully substitute K. anthotheca and T. emetica in uses which require high bending, cleavage and shear parallel to the grain strengths. A. indica wood is therefore recommended for uses other than fuel wood and poles such as making furniture, tool handles, artificial limbs, joinery and plywood.
Biomass and volume models based on stump diameter for assessing degradation of miombo woodlands in Tanzania
(Hindawi, 2018-12-27) Manyanda, Bernardol J; Mugasha, Wilson A; Nzunda, Emannuel F.; Malimbwi, Rogers E
Models to estimate forest degradation in terms of removed volume and biomass from the extraction of wood fuel and logging using stump diameter (SD) are lacking. The common method of estimating removals is through estimating diameter at breast height (D) by applying equations relating measured D and SD. The estimated D is then used to estimate biomass and volume by means of allometric equations, which utilize D. Through this sequence of procedures, it is apparent that there is an accumulation of errors. This study developed equations for estimating volume, aboveground biomass (ABG), and belowground biomass (BGB) using SD in miombo woodlands of mainland Tanzania. Volume models were developed from 114 sample trees while AGB and BGB models were developed from 127 and 57 sample trees, respectively. Both site specific and regional models were developed. Over 70% of the variations in BGB, AGB, and volume were explained by SD. It was apparent that SD is inferior compared to measured D in explaining variation in volume and BGB but not AGB. However, the accuracy of BGB and volume estimates emanating directly from SD were far better than those obtained indirectly, i.e., volume or BGB estimates obtained from estimated D from SD, since the latter is affected by accumulation of regression equation errors. For improved accuracy of ABG, BGB, and volume estimates, we recommend the use of site specific models. However, for areas with no site specific models, application of regional models is recommended. The developed models will facilitate the addition of forest degradation as a REDD+ activity into the forthcoming FREL.
Regeneration Dynamics and Structural Changes in Miombo Woodland Stands at Kitulangalo Forest Reserve in Tanzania
(Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., 2020-07) Njoghomi, Elifuraha E; Valkonen, Sauli; Karlsson, Kristian; Saarinen, Markku; Mugasha, Wilson A.; Niemistö, Pentti; Balama, Celestino; Malimbwi, Rogers E.
The sustainability of the seriously threatened African miombo wood lands depends on their capability to maintain sufficient natural regen eration. This study focused on the regeneration dynamics and the impacts of silvicultural treatments of fencing, site preparation, and thinning in the Kitulangalo forest reserve in Tanzania. Mixed models were applied to analyze the change in number of stems during the nine-years observation period on a set of permanent experimental plots. There was a significant decrease in the total number of stems (from 29 800 ha −1 to 19 100 ha −1 ) but a significant increase in the number of main stems (from 9 300 ha −1 to 11 100 ha −1 ) during observation period. The proportion of empty regeneration plots (zero seedlings and saplings on a regeneration plot of 4 m 2 ) was initially very low (7.3%) and decreased further during the study period to 5.3%. Greater stand density was associated with lower density of regeneration. Fencing implied a greater increase in the number of main stems but a sharper drop in the total number of stems by reducing animal disturbances. The findings indicate that the forests at Kitulangalo are recovering from past abuse and likely developing toward more sustainable stand structures and sustainability.
Attitude,adoption and economic potentials of Agroforestry in Kilosa District Tanzania
(2016-03-25) Luumi, F.; Mombo, F.; Senkondo, M.; Makonda, F. B. S.
The paper aimed at describing the existing agroforestry systems and technologies, examining the level of attitudes towards agroforestry, identifying socio factors influencing agroforestry adoption and estimating costs and benefits of agroforestry in Kilosa District. Information and data on agroforestry was obtained by interviewing a random sample of 120 households based upon questionnaire. Results revealed that agroforestry systems practiced were agrosilvopastoral and agrosilvicultural arranged in mixed intercropping, boundary planting and homegardens. A substantial number of respondents had a positive attitude towards commercialization (90% resource conservation (89%) and attitude towards land productivity (82%). Farm labour force, farm size, attitude towards land productivity, commercialization and attitude towards land resource conservation significantly influenced adoption of agroforestry at P < 0.05. The selected agroforestry systems had positive Net Present Value per hectare and Benefit Cost Ratio was greater than one at discount rate of 10% meaning that the systems were economically viable. Internal Rate of Return was higher than the World Bank’s rate of 10% indicating the worth of investing in agroforestry. It is recommended that, the government and development agencies should provide education and training to farmers who are ignorant of the benefits of engaging in agroforestry f agroforestry disseminators should improve the benefits of agroforestry practice since high attitude towards agroforestry were due to the respondents’ perception that investment in agroforestry was associated with more benefits than costs. Increasing the efficiency of agroforestry through technology development, improving marketing systems and credits will improve the economic benefits from agroforestry
Medicinal plant parts and practices used by communities around the Miombo woodlands of Urumwa, Tanzania
(2014-04-17) Hall, J. B.; Makonda, F. B. S.; Ishengoma, R. C.
A study to document medicinal plants parts and practices in relation to sustainable use was performed in communities around the Miombo woodland of Urumwa in Tanzania. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews and discussion with key stakeholders. G-tests were used to ascertain differences in medicinal plants practices between women and men. Roots were the commonly used parts for medicine followed by barks. In practice, boiling and grinding were the preferred methods for preparing remedies. Remedies are admistered orally in decoctions form with lack of standardized dosages. Medicinal plants are collected from the reserve using both root digging and bark stripping methods. Local communities need sensitization through trainings on various aspects of medicinal plants practices especially issues of sustainable harvesting methods, simple processing, domestication and the importance of standardized dosages so as to improve work performance, ensure resource sustainability and contribute to development of the primary health care system in Tanzania.
Economic valuation of nontimber forest products under the changing climate in Kilombero district, Tanzania
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016) Balama, C.; Augustino, S.; Mwaiteleke, D.; Lusambo, L. P.; Makonda, F. B. S.
Sustainable collection of Nontimber Forest Products (NTFPs) for trade is an appropriate measure to increase people’s adaptive capacity against adverse effects of climate change. However, information on the economic value for NTFPs for subsistence use and trade under the changing climate is inadequate, particularly in households around Iyondo Forest Reserve (IFR), in Kilombero District, Tanzania. The study identified and quantified NTFPs used for subsistence and trade, estimated its economic value, and examined factors influencing supply of NTFPs at household level. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions, key informant interviews, questionnaire survey of 208 sample households, and spot market analysis to randomly selected NTFPs collectors, sellers, and buyers.The study identified 12 NTFPs used for subsistence and trade, which was evaluated in terms of the mean annual value per household.Themean annual value of the identifiedNTFPs ranged fromTZS 4700 to 886 600.The estimated economic value of the studiedNTFPs was TZS 51.4 billion (USD36million).The supply of NTFPs at household level was influenced by distance to the forest, change in forest management regime, seasonality, and change in rainfall pattern. NTFPs around IFR have high economic value which portrays the potential of developing them to enhance households’ adaptive capacity against climate change adverse effects.
Balancing wood and non-wood products in Miombo Woodlands
(2007) Makonda, F. B. S.; Gillah, P. R.
In most of the sub-Saharan countries including Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Zambia, more than 80% of rural people are poor and traditionally rely on existing non-wood goods and services provided by miombo. These woodlands are among the most threatened of the tropical ecosystems. There is a need of investigating the importance of miombo ecosystem, their threats and the governments concerned to ensure sustainable and equitable use of these dwindling resources. This paper gives an overview of the roles played by miombo in the provision of both wood and non-wood products and how the utilization can be balanced for sustainability. It is evident that there has been limited research on miombo productivity and the impact of management on non-timber product supplies. This needs immediate attention in order to address the demand-supply situation. Also sustainable use of trees and shrubs is an integral part of balancing variable products and uses in miombo woodlands. Conservation of miombo while raising the living standard can be enhanced through controlled harvesting, improved domestication and utilization and commercialization of trees and their products.
Medicinal resources of the Miombo woodlands of Urumwa, Tanzania: Plants and its uses
(Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011) Augustino, S.; Hall, J. B.; Makonda, F. B. S.; Ishengoma, R. C.
A study was done to document different plants and their use for primary health care by communities around the Miombo woodland of Urumwa, Tanzania. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews and discussion with key stakeholders. G-tests were carried out to seek differences in ethnobotanical knowledge between women and men. 110 plant species were documented to have 74 medicinal uses. Men were found to be ethnobotanically knowledgeable than women. The ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plant resources at Urumwa need to be recognized and preserved to ensure future effectiveness of the primary health care system. Due to the global interest in medicinal plants, there is a need to carry out phytochemical and pharmacological studies for most unstudied but potential documented species to validate usage, find new pharmaceuticals, increase confidence among users and contribute to the developlent of the traditional medicine sector in Tanzania and other areas in Africa within the Miombo ecoregion.
Potentials of lesser known and lesser utilized indigenous agroforestry timbers in Kilosa District, Morogoro Tanzania
(International Journal of Education and Research, 2015-11-12) Makonda, F. B. S.; Augustino, S.; Gillah, P. R.; Ishengoma, R. C.; Kitojo, D. H.; Ruffo, C.; Eriksen, S.; Msanga, H. P.
The paper presents baseline results of gathered important information for inference in establishing optimal production and utilization of Lesser-known (LK) and Lesser-utilized (LU) indigenous agroforestry timber species (IAGTS) in improving incomes of rural communities in Kilosa District. The main key questions were: what are the characteristics of the sites for establishing LK and LU IAGTS; who are the main actors in establishing LK and LU IAGTS; what are LK and LU IAGTS and other species for establishment in the study area and what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for establishing LK and LU IAGTS in the study area. Data collection was participatory, involving key stakeholders, participants’ observations and literature surveys. A total of eight villages were identified as potential sites for nursery establishment with seven main actors’ mostly local communities engaged in tree planting activities under associations. Five priority LK and LU IAGTS were identified and selected for nursery establishment. These were: Lonchocarpus capassa (Mfumbili), Sclerocarya birrea (Mng’ongo), Vitex doniana (Mfudu), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia (Msolo) and Combretum zeyheri (Mlama mweupe). The strengths and opportunities favouring the establishment of LK and LU IAGTS nurseries were identified, with a few weaknesses and threats which needed to be worked upon.

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