Theses and Dissertations Collection

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Perceptions of smallholders on the effectiveness of female and male agriculture and livestock extension field officers based on the akap sequence: a case study of Mvomero district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Pangani, Martina Domician
This study was conducted in villages of Mvomcro District to investigate the perceptions of smallholders on the effectiveness of female and male Agricultural and increasing farmers' adoption and increasing farmers' productivity (AKAP) sequence of a crop (i.e. maize). The survey population comprised of farmers who grew crops and kept livestock. Data was collected in thirteen purposively selected villages. which were supervised by female agricultural and livestock extension field officers (FALEFOs) and thirteen randomly selected villages that were supervised by male agricultural and livestock extension field officers (MALEFOs). This was a cross- sectional study in which data was collected at one point in time from a selected sample of respondents. A simple random sample of 156 respondents was used and data was mainly collected using a questionnaire. The study results showed that respondents who agreed that MALEFOs gave them information based on AKAP sequence were higher compared to those supervised by FALEFOs. This implied that FALEFOs. The difference could be that FALEFOs performed other societal duties such as reproduction, production, and household chores in their homes. Also the findings showed that sex of the farmer had a significant effect on the way FALEFOs study found that female farmers who were supervised by FALEFOs had relatively higher levels of awareness, knowledge, adoption and productivity. Compared to MALEFOs were more effective in giving information to smallholders than Livestock Extension Field Officers (ALEFOs) in making farmers aware of and MALEFOs gave information to smallholders base on AKAP sequence. The technology/practices, increasing their knowledge on a tcchnqlogy/practiccs. those supervised by MALEFOs. However, the study found that MALEFOs gave information on the maize-related technologies/practices equally to both female and male respondents. This study recommends that countries' extension systems especially those in developing countries should encourage more FALEFOs since they have proven to be able to work with female farmers who mostly shoulder the agricultural responsibility of the country. Barriers, which limit FALEFOs to work in rural areas, should be removed. Also this study recommends that all lead Ministries should increase incentives to its ALEFOs.
Perception of local government leaders on decentralized agricultural extension services: the case of Mbinga district, Ruvuma region, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2006) Faustine, Elmerinda
One of the goals of the Public Sector Reform Programme (PSRP) is to improve the delivery of, and access by the public, to services, including agricultural extension services. One way of achieving this is by transferring resources to District level, and by making Local Government Authorities (LGAs) responsible for provision of most public services including agricultural extension. Accordingly, under the Local government Act No 6 of 1999, the responsibility for implementing agricultural extension services has been placed with the Local Government Authorities. The idea is to be as near to the people as possible. It is assumed that the success of decentralized agricultural extension services is much more dependent, among others, on how local government leaders as the key actors perceive it. Using local government leaders of Mbinga District as a case study, perception of local government leaders on decentralized agricultural extension services was determined. The main objective of the study was to determine the perception of local leaders on decentralized agricultural extension services in Mbinga District, Ruvuma Region. The specific objectives of the study were to; assess the extent to which local government leaders are aware of their additional or new roles under decentralized agricultural extension services, determine the expectation of local government leaders with regard to the provision of agricultural extension services under a decentralized institutional set up, identify limitations faced by local government leaders in the implementation of decentralized agricultural extension services and determine opinions of local government leaders on sustainability of decentralized agricultural extension services. The survey population comprised all local government leaders of Mbinga district council having experience of at least three years in a particular administrative position. Local government leaders involved are those at district, ward and village levels (head of departments, ward councilors, ward executive officers, village executive officers and village chairpersons).
The Tanzania agricultural extension services as perceived by trainers , employers, extension officers and clientele
(West Virginia University, 1979) Ibrahim, Andrew K. K.
Tanzania mainland, formerly Tanganyika, is a vast tropical agrarian country of about 937,062 square kilometers which lies South of the Equator on the East African Coast. Major lakes are: Nyanza on the north-west, Tanganyika on the western and Nyasa on the south-west borders of the country. These along with smaller inland lakes and rivers form approximately six percent of the country. The country attained her independence on 9th December, 1961, and has 20 administrative regions which are divided into 101 administrative districts, both rural and urban. Tanzania is, however, characterized by geographical diversity in terms of topography, soils and climate, particularly rainfall, such that even within Districts marked contrasts occur in ecological conditions. Rainfall ranges from 250-1250 mm or more per annum (Fig. 1). Soils in most of the agricultural plains are of low fertility status with the exception of the volcanic mountain plains and river basins.
Factors influencing transfer and utilization of selected agricultural technologies in Ethiopia: a case study of Bolosso sore district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2002) Yisehak Baredo Bitire
The overall objective of the study was to determine factors associated with transfer and utilization of selected agricultural technologies on enset, maize and tef in Bolosso Sore district. The specific objectives of the study were to: a) identify and describe improved agricultural technologies associated with the production of enset. maize and tef, b) identify improved agricultural technologies related to production of enset, maize and tef which were transferred to farmers in Bolosso Sore district, c) identify and describe factors which influenced transfer of technologies pertaining to enset. maize and tef crops, d) identify the extent of utilization of enset, maize, and tef technologies that were transferred to farmers in Bolosso Sore district, e) describe factors, which facilitated or impaired utilization of improved technologies related to enset, maize and tef crops, f) determine the perception of farmers’ and village extension workers’ on transfer and utilization of enset, maize and tef technologies.The design of the study was a cross-sectional survey, which involved collecting data at one point in time from a selected sample of respondents. Data was collected using an interview schedule and questionnaire supported by informal discussion, personal observation and informal interview with key informants. A simple random sample of 120 respondents was picked from a sampling frame of 2310 heads of household using table of random numbers. The study results show that technologies like land preparation, use of improved seed, proper spacing, use of fertilizers, and use of pesticides with regard to maize and tef were transferred to the study area and utilized by the respondents. However, in case of enset, no specific technology was transferred and utilized because of lack of relevant technology. The extent of utilization was higher for technologies like land preparation, use of improved seed (specially CG 4141), use of fertilizers and proper weeding for maize. However, the extent of utilization for some of maize improved seeds (BH-660, BH-140 and Pioneer), tef improved seeds (Cross-37, DZ-01-196 and DZ-01-354) and pesticides for both maize and tef was found to be lower than expected. Major reasons given by the farmers for less utilization of these technologies were: low yield, late maturity, less tolerance to diseases and pests and lodging (in case of tef). The chi-square tests for relationship of factors such as sex, income, farm size and ownership of oxen and utilization of improved technologies were found to be statistically significant indicating that those who had larger farm sizes, higher income, who owned oxen and male respondents were better positioned to utilize the technologies. Factors which facilitated utilization of these technologies were, availability of credit, performance of technologies. availability of inputs and emphasis given by extension workers. The major factors which impaired utilization of technologies were unavailability of any technology (for enset), shortage of oxen, high cost of inputs, unreliable inputs supply, poor performance of some of the technologies (tef) and shortage of land. Farmers perception on enset, maize and tef technologies were that: some technologies (e.g. maze improved seed specifically CG-4141 and chemical fertilizer like DAP and urea) were very effective in addressing their production constraints. However, majority of the farmers were discontented with high cost of inputs, incompatibility of spacing with their previous practice, unreliable input supply and low price of the produce. The assessment of extension workers' perception on the technologies indicated that transfer and utilization of some of the technologies were facilitated by good performance of some of the technologies and availability of credit. However, they indicated their Concern over lack of relevant technology for enset and high cost of inputs when compared to the purchasing power of farmers. Recommendations pertaining to the study are given in chapter five.
Utilization of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of agricultural sciences at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2024) Makundi Zungu Remmy
This study examined utilization of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of agricultural sciences at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. The primary objective of this study was to assess the extent to which ICT facilities are utilized by members of academic staff in teaching and learning of agricultural sciences at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Specifically, the study inquired about the types of ICT facilities available at SUA for teaching and learning of agricultural sciences. The study also determined the extent of utilization of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of agricultural sciences at the University. Moreover, the study described the factors that influence the use of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of agricultural sciences and lastly, the study inquired about the challenges that deter instructors from effective use of ICT facilities during teaching and learning of agricultural sciences. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive survey design incorporating a mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview schedule and focus group discussion. The population of the study comprised of 65 instructors from the College of Agriculture (CoA), four Heads of Department and the Head of ICT services at the University. Both instructors and key informants were selected purposively and a list of instructors with a minimum of ten or more years in teaching from the CoA was used as a sampling frame. Subsequently, the collected data were entered into a computer, underwent cleaning, and were then subjected to analysis. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 computer software was used to analyze quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Binary logistic regression was used determine factors influencing instructors’ use of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of agricultural sciences at the University. Other variables were analysed by using descriptive statistics. Firstly, the study findings revealed that, most of the ICT facilities were available at the university but were inadequate to accommodate the number of instructors present at the respective departments in the CoA. The findings also revealed that, the extent of utilization was moderate with some of the ICT facilities being over utilized while others were underutilized. Additionally, the study findings revealed that institutional factors (e.g., availability and accessibility of ICT facilities, and technical support) and personal factors (e.g., instructor positive attitude, sex, age and teaching experience) play a significant role in influencing ICT utilization at the university. Finally, the study findings disclosed that inadequacy of ICT facilities and infrastructure, slow internet connectivity, unreliable power supply, lack of in-service training, problems of handling large classes, inadequacy of ICT manpower/ technical support, and lack administrative support as challenges that deter instructors from utilizing ICTs in teaching and learning process. The current study confirms with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis in 1978, as a framework to explain and predict how people adopt and use technology, particularly ICT. The study concluded that, although ICTs are very crucial in promoting teaching and learning of agricultural sciences at the University, the extent of utilization is still moderate due to various challenges such as shortage of ICT facilities and infrastructure at departmental level, unreliable power supply at the University, lack of in-service training, problems of handling large classes and inadequacy of skilled ICT manpower. Therefore, the university in keeping with its current strategic plan and ICT policy should develop a sound long term strategy that seeks to address these challenges while seeing to it that, it’s properly financed and executed. In the short term the university should carry out holistic capacity needs assessment with the intent of addressing capacity gaps at individual, organizational and systemic levels while bringing to light the numbers and type of ICT facilities required; offer professional development programs/trainings that focus on enhancing instructors' technological proficiency; and guarantee that alternative sources of power such as generators and solar panels are installed across different departments to ensure reliable power supply at the university.
Effectiveness of farmer field schools on adoption of improved maize production technologies in Chato district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Lassi, Charles Ntaki
This study sought to determine the effectiveness of Farmer Field School on the adoption of maize production technologies in Chato District. Specifically it aimed at assessing the knowledge and attitude of FFS and NFFS members regarding improved technologies; identifying socio-economic factors influencing knowledge and attitude on adoption of improved technologies to farmers and finally to determine the extent of adoption of the maize improved technologies. An interview schedule was used to collect primary data from 120 randomly selected respondents consisting of 60 FFS farmers and 60NFFS farmers. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Computer Programme. A t- test was used to test difference in knowledge, attitude and adoption of technologies between FFS and NFFS farmers. A Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to test the influence of socio-economic variables on knowledge, attitude and adoption in the study area. The study revealed that FFS participants were more knowledgeable, having a positive attitude and mostly adopted the improved maize technologies more than NFFS participants. Land size, annual household incomes and household size significantly influenced knowledge, attitudes and adoption of improved maize production technologies at p<0.05.It is recommended that FFS for farmers training should be strengthened and used as a means to improve their farming knowledge, changing their attitudes as well as making them adopt the best farming technologies.
Assessment of effectiveness of complementary basic education in Tanzania (cobet) curriculum: a case study of Kisarawe district in coast region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Selemani,Yusufu
This study on assessment of effectiveness of the COBET curriculum was conducted in five COBET centres of Kisarawe District in Coast Region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a randomly selected sample size of 90 respondents, which involved 80 COBET learners and 10 facilitators. Data were collected using documentary review and focus groups discussions, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer programme. The results revealed that, there is a statistically significant (at p<0.05) difference in performance between COBET pupils and regular primary school pupils in national standard four examination, and school examinations for mainstreamed COBET pupils and primary school pupils. The study shows that primary school pupils performed better than COBET pupils in the national and school examinations. For cohort one pupils, 62% of the COBET pupils passed while 38% failed the national standard four examination, and cohort two children, 11% of the pupils passed while 88% failed in national standard seven examination in 2002. Also cohort two pupils. 51% of the COBET pupils passed the national standard seven examination in 2004. It was concluded that performance of COBET children was affected by several factors such as inadequate quantity and quality of facilitators/teachers; lack of school climate necessary for effectiveness of COBET curriculum; lack of learning resources and high drop-out rate which in Kisarawe District averaged at 31.4%between 2000 and 2004. The low attendance of COBET pupils was caused by factors such as walking long distances to and from the COBET centres; early pregnancies and marriages; lack of learning resources; involvement of learners in work for money and in home activities; lack of recreational facilities and low awareness of the community on the COBET programme. Recommendations pertaining to this study include having enough quantity and quality of facilitators/teachers, reviewing payment scheme for the teachers/facilitators,reviewing the COBET curriculum, improving teaching/learning resources for practical skills and providing lunch at the COBET centres.
An assessment of NGO’S contribution to agricultural extension in Moshi rural district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2001) Lyatuu, Uraru Anamensa Mashuo
Over the past decade there has been a rapid evolution of NGOs in Tanzania, an indication that the services provided by the public sector do not satisfy the needs of the community. This study sought to investigate and assess the contribution of NGOs in providing agricultural extension in terms of logistic support, training and supervision in Moshi Rural District. The specific objectives were (a) To determine the institutional functioning of NGOs in terms of organisational structure, status and inter-relationships with government and donors, (b) To explore the operational procedures in terms of approaches, methods and media and (c) To identify the factors associated with effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of NGOs in Moshi District. The study used a cross-sectional design that employed a survey method. The survey population comprised of farmers aged 21 years and above who get extension services from KEDA and Saint Vincent de Paule. These farmers were representative of households which are immediate clients of these NGOs. Instrumentation included the design of questionnaires which were used to interview the sampled farmers and structured interview schedule administered to relevant authorities. The questionnaires were pretested in four villages. Data were collected from four selected villages in Moshi Rural District by means of questionnaires and a structured interview schedule. A random sample of 15 respondents was picked from each village using a list of farmers from the villages, thus, the sample size was 60 respondents. The findings of the study show that eighteen per cent of the respondents attended meetings organised by the NGOs while 8.4% attended meetings organised by other organisations. The study also shows that 16.6% and 6.6% of the respondents attended field days and study tours. According to the findings it is concluded that the NGOs have been efficient for the fact that they have well defined organizational structure, operational procedures and are effective in disseminating technologies to farmers. It is therefore recommended that NGOs be encouraged especially in terms of operational procedures, formation of more groups and rehabilitation of infrastructures.
Potential and limitations of contract farming for tea outgrowers of east Usambara: the case of Amani division,Muheza district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Nkalange,Rajabu Hussein
A study was conducted at Amani division in Muheza District, Tanga from 2011 to 2012 to find out the potentials and limitations of contract fanning for tea out growers of East Usambara. The survey was conducted in three wards of Amani division which were Mbomole, Amani and Zirai where villages included in this study from these wards were Kwcmwewe, Sakale, Mlesa, IBC-Msasa, Makanya, Antakae and Zirai. Therefore a sample of 120 respondents was used to accomplish this study. The respondents were interviewed by using well-structured questionnaire so as to obtain primary data. However, a checklist was used to gather additional information from key informants and Focus GroupDiscussion (FGD) where observation of farmers circumstances was done by the researcher and a research assistant. Secondary data were obtained from official reports such DALDO’s office-Muheza, Malikitanda Tea Research Institute (TRIT-Malikitanda), Sokoine National Agricultural Library (SNAL), Department ofAgricultural Education and Extension(DAEE),Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives (MAFC). The analysis of data was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics was done to analyze data so as to find the sample means and percentages for studied variables and it was also used for drawing frequency distribution graphs and tables. The findings from the study revealed that there was potentials which exist to Amani tea out growers producing under contract farming despite ofthe limitations under the contractual arrangement. However the findings have revealed that farmers have engaged in tea out growing due to availability of market for their produce and fringe benefits they acquire when producing under contract. Therefore contract farming can provide a win win situation though wins most is not always predictable.
A study of research-extension-farmer linkage in the central zone, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Dunstan, Elina
In the past agricultural research institutes have been working almost in isolation without involving other stakeholders in agricultural development. The government has restructured the ZARDIs funds in the effort to strengthen research-extension-farmer linkages. In this respect, the present study investigated the research-extension-farmer linkage based on current institutional arrangement particularly in the central zone. Three Districts namely Mpwapwa, Chamwino and Dodoma Municipality in Dodoma Region were selected for this study. The study population consisted of research staff in the zone, extension staff and fanners from the three Districts. Structured questionnaires were used in data collection. The cuirenl arrangement has created several opportunities to strengthen linkage. These are agricultural technologies developed on farmers’ fields and availability of ZARDEF and DADPs which enable stakeholders to undertake participatory activities. Reading materials, agricultural shows and on farm experiments were found to be highly effective in linking stakeholders in the dissemination of agricultural technologies. The zone has adequate number of qualified staff at all levels. Presence of ZRELO facilitates easy flow ol agricultural information although the ZIELU is not so effective. The zone has conductec 40% of their experiments on fanners’ fields and a block farm of about 300 acres of grape vine has been established on farmers’ fields. The zone is still facing challenges in linkage activities. Lack of adequate and timely funding for research and extension was found to be a major problem that impairs effective planning for joint activities. The ZIELU was foum to be ineffective as there were no permanent office. Cost sharing for research activitie was still a problem as the Districts do not yet contribute funds for research activities. Th study recommends the following: early disbursement and increasing research an extension funds, improving ZIELU and cost sharing in research and extension activities s as to strengthen the linkage.
The academic performance of co-educational and single-sex agricultural secondary schools in Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 1996) Chali, Harry Mbonea Sechome
The co-education system in Tanzania has been criticized as being ineffective in up bringing students at secondary school level. The criticisms have centered on poor academic performance of co-educational schools in Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) when compared to single-sex secondary schools. This study, therefore, sought to determine the differences in the academic performance between single-sex and co-educational secondary schools and subsequently suggesting ways of improving their academic performance. Data were collected firstly from documents of National Form Four Examination results between 1989 to 1993 from the Ministry of Education and Culture, National Examination Council of Tanzania and sampled schools. Secondly, interviews were conducted to 120 students, 60 teachers and 12 heads in twelve agricultural boarding secondary schools. Thirdly, a checklist was used to observe activities done in those schools. Data from each source were analysed by using Personal Computer facilities at Sokoine University of Agriculture. The study found that there were differences in the academic performance between seminaries, girls’ and co-educational secondary schools. Similar differences were found between boys’ only, girls’ only and co-educational secondary schools. The study,however, failed to establish significant differences in the academic performance between seminaries and boys’ only secondary schools at national level, and between girls’ only and co-educational secondary schools at sample level. Both boys and girls were found to be more committed to academic work when in single sex secondary schools. However, when mixed together in co-educational secondary schools, girls were found to be more affected academically and socially than boys. Adolescence problems, differential social and disciplinary control, sub-standard composition of teaching staff, inadequate recreational and out-of-school activities, lack of trained student counsellors and weak administration in schools were found to affect the academic performance of students in the schools. The study recommended that: (1) although co-education should be encouraged to foster education equalities in the country, single-sex secondary schools should continue in order to provide a base for academic comparisons; (2) well trained student counsellors be provided to handle adolescent problems in secondary schools; (3) guidance and counselling programmes should be introduced in schools to enhance gender-positive attitudes; (4) differential treatment between sexes in schools should be discouraged; and (5) parents and the society at large should cooperate in the maintenance of proper school discipline.
Factors influencing the utilization of animal traction technology: the case of Sasakawa global 2000 in ufipa plateau Rukwa region Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2000) Kipaka, Jelle Msenga
Smallholder farming is the important sector of agricultural production in Tanzania. The economic contribution from smallholder farmers remains highly significant for the development of the national economy. About 80% of smallholder farmers in Tanzania use human and animal traction technology in the production of their food and meeting income needs. Despite animal traction technology being a viable option for increasing land and labour productivity, its utilization among smallholder farmers has remained low. With particular reference to the SG 2000 agricultural project in the Ufipa Plateau of Rukwa, Tanzania, the study was conducted to determine factors influencing the utilization of animal traction technology among smallholder farmers in purposively selected villages. A cross-sectional design that employees survey methods was used for this study. A simple random sample of ninety eight respondents was picked with the aid of the table of random numbers. Data was collected using structured interview schedules during the months of March to June, 1999. Data were analysed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences Personal Computer (SPSS-PC). To determine the extent and the factors influencing utilization of animal traction technology, descriptive and inferential statistics (the frequencies and chi-square test for significance) were employed. The findings from the analysis show that the utilization of animal traction technology in the primary farm operations and for transportation among the SG 2000 participants and non-participants were high (over 90 percent) than in the secondary farm operations. However, utilization levels were slightly higher among the SG 2000 participants than non-participants. On average, SG 2000 participants farmers had high utilization levels of animal traction technology in the secondary farm operations than non-participants. This was due to the fact that the respondents participating in the SG 2000 had large farms, received training on animal traction technology and had more access to credits than non-participants. The major factors identified as influencing the utilization of animal traction technology in the secondary farm operations were gender, participation in the SG 2000 animal traction technology training programme, type of crops grown, labour availability, use of fertilizers and accessibility to extension services. The study concludes by saying that there is a need for a more diversified utilization of animal traction technology to ensure maximum utilization of the technology in order to enhance labour use efficiency and to increase crop productivity. Recommendations for improved utilization of animal traction technology include careful targeting of training to specific groups of smallholder farmers in equal proportion of both men and women, expansion of the existing animal traction credit in the study area and elsewhere and training of both adopters and non-adopters of the technology for more efficient and diversified utilization of animal traction technology.
The role of agricultural extension in improving vegetable production for the new market in Meru district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Mrosso, Secilia Epiphan
Awareness and skills that address the needs of improving production practices that incorporate Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and good manufacturing practices (GMP) arc essential to help producers ensure the safety of their produce and it is through agricultural extension this will be made possible. To diagnose whether this is done, a study on roles of agricultural extension in improving vegetable production for the new market in Meru District, Arusha region was conducted. The specific objectives of the study were to determine perception of vegetable producers towards different agricultural extension services in the study area, to examine vegetable producers’ agricultural extension needs in the study area and to examine the types of extension services offered to vegetable producers in the study area where a cross-sectional study design was employed. The study utilized a structured questionnaire used to interview 120 vegetable producing farmers in different parts of the district on the extension services they were provided with at different times of vegetable production. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data where frequencies and percentages were calculated. Also cross tabulation was used to examine the relationship between variables where Pearson Chi square was used. Results of the study indicated that, very few farmers got extension services during preparation to production, production and during marketing of vegetables respectively that is 10%, 37.5% and 5%. Also it was observed that the main reason given for not getting extension services were lack of extension agents (60%). Also, only 25% of respondents were members of farmers’ groups. As a result, only 40% farmers managed to meet vegetable market standards. Most of the interviewed farmers were married (90%) with primary school education (62.5%). It was observed that extension services at different times of production had a positive contribution to the amount of vegetables produced. Therefore, efforts should be made to make sure that every village should have extension agents with all supportive logistics such as transport facilities and housing to serve farmers.
Role of informal agricultural information dissemination networks in poverty alleviation in Njombe district, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2008) Bilonkwanamagara, Meshack Fanuel Sunzu
Informal agricultural information dissemination networks are essentially an extension system, which involves informal mechanisms of information diffusion among farmers often from primary source of information to another. This study examined the interaction between extension agents, farmers within the framework of farmer-to-farmer sharing informal information and in turn of information exchange, contributes to increase awareness and income to receivers. The study was carried out in five divisions of Njombe district whereby, a cross-sectional design was adopted and structured questionnaires were administered to a 100 representative sample selected randomly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for data coding and analysis. Informal agricultural information dissemination networks have an influence on farmer’s household income hence alleviate poverty. Some well-interacted farmers applied the information obtained from their fellow hence adopted agricultural technologies to get more yield. About (94%) respondents’ skills, farm production, livestock production, secured revenue ranged from 10 000 - 10000 OOOTshs. Some (19%) informal information beneficiaries have expanded there farming areas to more than six acres, shops and others entrepreneurship activities including owning valuable assets like milling machines. Informal information adopters have brought impact on neighbouring farmers and 41 % from them applied improved techniques sourced from their fellow farmers. Unlike (5%) non-interacted farmers were found to lag behind in yield and income. However (72%) of farmers sold their crops to middlemen and businessmen at their fields or homes due to lack of markets. It was concluded that informal information has significant economic contribution to household income derived from agricultural crops and livestock to well interacted people. This draws attention to the government to improve extension delivery services, raising farmers morale through adequate input subsidies, acquire enough extension workers and improve their work morale. While district authorities should improve infrastructures including market centers and rural roads for effective business operation.
The role of farmers’ groups networks in the adoption and diffusion of selected agricultural technologies in upper Mgeta, Morogoro rural district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 1998) Shenduli, Asina Ali
The study established that farmers find the local network to be important as a technology dissemination tool, for mutual support as well as for material support. The local network influences group members to adopt different innovations at a higher level than non-group members. This has been achieved through effective communication of extension messages between farmers and change agents and among farmers themselves. Farmers who are group members are highly aware of received messages concerning the innovations. It is recommended that not only group representatives should participate in network meetings but also the other group members should be involved so that they can participate fully in the sharing and exchanging of information.
Factors influencing youth engagement in agricultural activities in Tanzania: a case of Makambako town council, Njombe region
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2018) Sanga,Damian Zebedayo Mwilongo
This study presents findings on the factors influencing youth engagement in agricultural activities in Makambako Town Council, Njombe region. The overall objective of study was to assess factors influencing youth engagement in agricultural activities in Tanzania. Specifically the study sought to: identify socio economic characteristics of youth in the study area, identify the potential agricultural activities and other job alternatives youth engaged with, examine contribution of identified agricultural activities on youth economic needs, determine the perception of youth on engagement in agricultural activities and identify factors influencing their engagement. The study employed a cross- sectional research design and sample size of 120 respondents. Structured questionnaire for respondents, key informants, checklist key of agenda for Focused Group Discussions (FGD) and observation tools were used to collect primary data. Data analysis was aided by computer software called Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Frequencies and percentages were computed. Socio economic characteristics of respondents examined were sex, age, education level and marital status. The study concluded that, agricultural activities done in research area include; food and cash crops production, livestock keeping, trees planting and bee keeping. Common non-agricultural activities include masonry works, carpentry, motorcycle transport services and shop keeping. Findings from this research reveal that economic needs of youth include house, communication facilities and land. Agricultural activities identified contribute greatly in providing youth economic needs. Most youth perceive agriculture as an excellent employment. Based on regression results, factors influencing youth engagement in agricultural activities include; shortage of arable land, agricultural extension services, agricultural knowledge, youth mobilization, youth policies, decision making, capital, financial credit services, agricultural infrastructures, poor agricultural technology and inputs supply, high inputs’ prices and undefined crops market conditions, undefined selling units and low prices of crops. Intervention strategies for agricultural sector improvement should be guided b> youth socio-economic characteristics and their opinions.
Factors influencing the use of mobile phones in communicating agricultural information: a case of Kilolo district
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Siwel Yohakim Nyamba
This study sought to investigate factors that influence the use of mobile phones in the communication of agricultural information in Kilolo district. The study examined the use of mobile phones as a means for achieving agricultural development. The study population comprised all farmers regardless their mobile phone ownership. The study adapted a cross sectional study design and a multistage simple random sampling technique, where, 384 respondents were selected. Data were mainly collected using an interview schedule. The results revealed that majority of respondents used mobile phones and had positive attitude on the contribution of mobile phone in their farming business. The study had three hypotheses to be tested: mobile phones ownership have no statistical significant influence in communicating agricultural information; different types of agricultural information have no statistical significant influence on mobile phones use in communicating agricultural information and; respondents’ socio-economic factors have no statistical significant influence on mobile phones use in communicating agricultural information. The study results indicated that mobile phones offered an attractive solution to farmers’ informational needs. Factors specified to have an influence on mobile phone use in the communication of agricultural information included: mobile phone ownership, type of agricultural information, farming system practiced, network coverage, respondents’ demographic characteristics, and time of mobile phone ownership. The study concluded that the use of mobile phone to communicate agriculture information depend on mobile phone ownership, type of information to be communicated and individuals’ socio economic factors. The study recommended that many farmers be encouraged and supported so to access and use mobile phones in their farming business.
Factors influencing the performance of public and private agricultural extension agents in providing agricultural information and services in Liwale District
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2011) Sadiki,Magembe Mustapha
This study was conducted in Liwale District Council to investigate factors influencing the performance of GAEAs and PAEAs in providing Agricultural Information and Services (AIS). The study population comprised of smallholders that GAEAs provided Agricultural Information and Services (AIS) in the District. The data were collected in four purposively selected villages which included. Mihumo. Liwale B. Ngongowelc and Mirui. A crosssectional research design was adopted in which data were collected at one point in time from a selected sample of respondents. A sample of 60 respondents was randomly selected and the data were mainly collected using questionnaires. The study results show that, GAEAs offered Al to farmers about land preparation planting and spacing. GAEAs vaccinating local chicken against NCD. In offering Agricultural Information Al 28 (46%) of the respondents indicated that GAEAs visited them one day per week. However, an overall of 52 (85%) of the respondents said that they were not satisfied with the frequency of the visits that GAEAs made and proposed to be visited 3 times per week. Similarly, 30 (50%) of the respondents said that GAEAs visited them once per month in the provision of give Agricultural Services (AS). However, overall 54 (90%) of the respondents indicated not being satisfied with the frequency of visits and proposed to be visited more than one month in the cropping season. Of all the respondents. 52 (85%) agreed that GAEAs were competent in providing Al and 54 (90%) reported the same on the providing AS. The study found that the factors which influence the performance of GAEAs in the provision of AIS were gender, education, types of crops raised by respondents and, distance from the headquarters. Other factors were; awareness of agricultural policy, availability of money, working relationship with farmers, and transport. This study recommends that, GAEAs should increase the frequency of the provision of AIS to farmers and strengthen provided AS on planting cashew nuts, sesame, maize, cassava and sorghum, and on the working relationship between GAEAs and farmers. The District should establish more capacity building strategies for GAEAs. Also the District should increase the number of GAEAs to increase the coverage.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards hiv/aids prevention among secondary school students in Morogoro urban and peri-urban
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Julian, Annastazia
The study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice toward HIV/A1DS prevention among secondary school students in Morogoro Urban and Peri-Urban. Specially, the study was specifically aimed al determining whether the awareness and knowledge on the HIV/AIDS prevention have any influence in the attitude and risk behaviours that lead to transmission of HIV/AIDS: examining the relationship between the socio-economic and socio-cultural activities which lead to early engagement into sexual activities by the youth: determining factors which influence girls and boys to risk of HIV/AIDS infection and identifying appropriate education and information required among the youth in secondary schools so as to reduce the HIV/AIDS transmission. This study has been prompted by the fact that today's young people are the AIDS generation. They have never known a world without HIV. Millions already have died. Yet the HIV/AIDS pandemic among the youth remains largely invisible to adults and to young people themselves, this would have a wide range of negative impacts affecting demography. A cross-sectional survey using structured questionnaire was used in data collection. A total of 210 respondents were interviewed. In general, some students believe that they are invulnerable though most of them (73.8%) admitted to have had sexual intercourse without condoms in the first time they had it. Their responses were good but they have a problem in putting into practice what they know, such findings reflect the distorted sense of invulnerability to HIV/AIDS that many young people have. The present study could contribute to devising and implementing the planning of prevention strategies that focus on the youth. It shows that, only a combination of approaches can succeed in its reduction. There should be a collaboration amongst secondary schools, health organization, and educational specialists and health care providers.
Accessibility of agricultural technical information to rural women in Morogoro rural district Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 1992) Wambura, Charles Wakihobi Mwita
Rural women are responsible preserve bi on and sborage. for food c.u Itivation, the problem facing Current Iy, them i s bwo-fo1d. In the first place they do not have ready access to relevant agricultural information even that which i s avai1able wi th i n the i r o w n c o u n t r i e s. Second 1y, when transfer of agricultural information does occur, it is most frequently d i rected rather farmers to ma 1 e farmers who are the main food producers. women The purpose of access!bi 1i bybo information in Morogoro rural d i str i ct.The this study was to assess rural agricultural womens’ than specific objectives of the study were: 1) to determine the extent to which information on innovation agricultural i s avai1able to rural women 2) to determi ne the types channels of providing innovation to rural information on agricultural women 3) to how determi ne extensioncontact,levelof mari taistatusandage accessi bi 1i tyto education,i ncome, i nf1uencerura 1 women’s agricultural information and 4) to identify constraints hampering transfer of agricultural information to rural women, In the study area,the data were col 1ected by using structured questionnaires and researcher’s diary. A simple random sampling technique was applied to obtain a random sample of 160 respondents. One of the results of the study was that although rural women generally received information on f a r m p r a c t i c e s f r o m various sou rces, the impact of these sources to women’s access to agricultural info rmat i on is still low. The results showed further that 1ocal sources of information in the form of husbands and neighbours, werethe most preferred sources followed by extensionand income, agents education, med i a, mass in that order. extension contact and maritai Age, status were found to be significantly related to the frequency of behavi our. i nformat i on acqui siti on that man the i nformati on extension t was to constrai nts rural women in The study the were determi ned offarm soci o-cu1tu ra1and transfer inadequaci es. As a consequence of the results, recommended that: 1 ) extension - agents shou1d be provided with transport and be encouraged to reach female farmers; 2) local sources of information should be used more often i n order to reach rural farmers, and 3) rural women shou1d be exposed more to such extension teaching methods as demonstrations and frequent farm visits.

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