College of Social Sciences and Humanities

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A grammatical description of Nyakyusa phonology
(Journal of Linguistics and Language in Education, 2023) Robinson, Nichodamus
This paper offers a grammatical description of the phonology of Nyakyusa (M31), as an integral part of grammar. The literature review suggests that, in many Bantu languages, phonological description has received little attention since many scholarly works in Bantu linguistics primarily focus on morphology. Data for this study were collected in Kyela District, where many native speakers of Nyakyusa reside. Data collection techniques included reviewing available written texts, recording narrative stories, observing speakers’ conversations, and interviewing native speakers to assess the acceptability of certain constructions. The findings reveal that Nyakyusa has 14 pure consonants, 4 pre-nasalized stops, and seven vowels. Additionally, the study indicates that the contact between consonants and vowels gives rise to various phonological processes aimed at speech simplification. Such phonological processes are gliding, deletion, homorganic nasal assimilation, continuant stopping, consonant alternation, consonant mutation, voicing, vowel coalescence, and vowel harmony. In conclusion, the paper asserts that, despite some phonological aspects being common in Bantu languages according to the literature, the environments enabling them to occur to a large extent remain language-specific for Nyakyusa. Consequently, the paper recommends a systematic comparative phonological description across Bantu languages.
A review of post-harvest milk losses in Tanzania’s milk sector: lessons from production to consumption
(Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023) Lugamara, C.B.; Urassa, J. K.; Massawe, G. D.
Tanzania has engaged in various policies, strategies and programmes in order to increase production, processing and marketing infrastructure for milk and milk products and minimise animal product losses. However, not much is known in relation to post-harvest milk losses. Therefore, the review paper aims to establish from empirical literature the extent of Tanzania’s post-harvest milk losses and the causes in relation to efforts made by the government to minimise the same. To achieve the above, the authors used various databases to locate documents reporting on Tanzania’s post-harvest milk losses whereby 1605 documents were identified and screened remaining with 82 that were deemed relevant. Thereafter, an assessment of the 82 documents led to only 12 being included in the critical review, with ten being dropped due to either being similar or using the same data. Therefore, in the end, only two documents are captured in this paper. Generally, the review shows that there is insufficient empirical information on Tanzania’s post-harvest milk losses with the most recent study having been conducted almost 19 years ago. In addition, the study’s scope was quite limited, covering a sample of 66 respondents and a narrow geographical coverage of only three regions (i.e. Coast, Dar es Salaam and Morogoro). Furthermore, the study used the rapid appraisal approach. Therefore, there is a need for disaggregated information on Tanzania’s extent of post-harvest milk losses at various nodes of the milk value chain so as to inform policy makers and other stakeholders interested in curbing the same. Keywords: Milk losses, milk supply chain, post-harvest losses.
A systematic description of imbrication in Nyakyusa
(Journal of the Institute of Kiswahili Studies University of Dar es Salaam, 2023) Robinson, Nichodamus
This paper offers a systematic description of imbrication in Nyakyusa (M31). The review of the literature indicates that, in Nyakyusa, imbrication, a phonological change involving the opaque difference between the input and output forms in the -ile suffix, has not been systematically described. Hence, the paper offers this description by identifying triggering conditions and reconstructing the phonological processes shaping imbrication. Data for this paper were collected in Kyela district through a review of written texts, narrative stories, observation and interviews. The findings indicate that the syllable structure of the verb is the main determinant of imbrication in Nyakyusa. Quite obviously, the process of imbrication involves the deletion of the consonant in the -ile, followed by metathesis whereby the last consonant of the stem fills the empty slot caused by the deletion of [l]. Then, various adjustments that follow, i.e., vowel coalescence, vowel deletion, vowel rising, leftward spread of vowel, and vowel lengthening, are meant to resolve hiatus. The paper concludes that, based on the review of literature, although imbrication is common in some Bantu languages, we noted some conditions and phonological processes shaping imbrication to be language specific. In this view, this paper recommends a systematic comparative description of imbrication in other Bantu languages
Academic writing as discourse of practice: Genre analysis of students writing in Higher Education in Tanzania
(Language, Culture and Society, 2017-03-06) Mohamed, Dr Hashim Issa; Nyinondi, Onesmo Simon
This paper uses genre analysis theory to examine students’ academic writing discourse of practice at the university. Second language writing of academic genre is fundamental to students' academic sur- vival, not only as a prime means for assessing students’ academic progress but also for students’ liter- acy growth in their given disciplines at the university. As students’ writing abilities in academic genre (or lack of them) have often been central to the discussions on this subject, it is considered vital to fo- cus attention on the kind of discourse practices students engage in their English language writing pro- cess and the possible explanations for these. First and second students’ texts at a university are inves- tigated to see the extent to which students’ use of conjunctions in their writing reflect writing practices as demanded by university discourse of practice. Also, university writing instructional materials are an- alysed to see their role in students mentoring process into proficient academic writers. The study find- ings reveal that students’ use of conjunctions is widely at odds with writing practices of academic gen- re, ostensibly because not only instructors seem inconsistent and doing little, but also instructional ma- terials on writing demands are inadequate, in mentoring students through disciplinary apprenticeship into literate writers of university discourse of practice. Such mentoring is recommended by considering not only the outcome but also the acculturation process. This approach is envisaged to provide insights on addressing the widely reported students writing problems in Tanzania.
Acceptability, sources and types of sex education messages received by young people in rural areas: a case of Maswa district, Tanzania
(Journal of Culture, Society and Development, 2015) Massanja, M .M.; Msuya, J. M.; Jeckoniah, J. N.
The study intended to explore parents’ feelings and beliefs on issues related to sex education and establish whether parents are ready to discuss with their children or willing to allow sex related information reach their children as a means of reducing the risks of HIV infections. A cross-sectional research design was employed in collecting data from 210 respondents (150 youths and 60 parents) from three community secondary schools namely Sukuma, Malampaka and Kinamwigulu, six primary schools (one from each village) namely Hinduki, Mwadila, Malampaka, Kinamwigulu, Dodoma and Lali. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square were used to test the statistical significance of categorical data. The result reveal that parents and religious leaders are the most common sources of messages on sex education to young people, and which is aimed at combating the spread of HIV and AIDS. Other sources (arranged in the order of importance) were open air campaigns, politicians, other adults, the media and teachers. The most popular message in sex education was abstinence. Other types of sex education messages (arranged from the most popular to the least popular) include abiding by ABC strategy, use of condoms and delaying sex debut. Parents have positive attitudes towards sex education which is given to their children as part of HIV and AIDS prevention. The result reveals that parents and religious leaders are the most common sources of messages on sex education to young people. Parents have good knowledge of HIV and AIDS. However, among young people the level of awareness decrease with age. Attitudes of religious leaders and male parents with regard to HIV and AIDS should be re-addressed. Serious steps should be taken to raise the level of HIV awareness among younger people.
Access and challenges of health facilities amongst agro-pastoralist communities in Handeni district, Tanzania
(Journal of Population and Social Studies, 2018-01) Ringo, J. J.; Bengesi, K. M. K.; Mbago, M. C. Y.
This study examines high incidence of under-five mortality among agro-pastoralists resulting from lack of access to healthcare facilities. A proportional sampling method was adopted, and descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used in data analysis. The results revealed low dependence of agro-pastoralists on formal healthcare facilities, which could be explained by prevalence of informal healthcare facilities in villages where they reside. Education, income, accessibility, and duration of stay in a particular area accounted for the choice of healthcare facilities. Level of education and income determined preference for formal health facilities, possibly due to influence of education on understanding benefits of treatment in formal health facilities and income to meet associated costs. Accessibility of health facility influenced the decision to patronize formal health facilities. This was evident in villages which were connected to reliable road networks. Additionally, the length of time one resides in a particular area played a role in adhering to traditional values influencing the choice of informal healthcare facilities. The government and private sector should invest in rural road networks and promote education among agro-pastoralists on importance of using formal healthcare facilities and rational use of household income to improve accessibility to formal health facilities.
Access and use of information communication technologies by agricultural extension agents in Tanzania
(Huria Journal, 2017-07) Martin, R.; Kahamba, J. S.
Many studies have focused on the use of ICT by farmers; however, little attention has been on the use ICT by agricultural extension agents who are the bridge between source of agricultural knowledge and technologies on one hand and the smallholders on the other. Based on a cross sectional study of agricultural extension agents enrolled at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), in this paper we present, as a point of departure, the extent of access and usage of ICT by agricultural extension agents in Tanzania. Also, factors that influence the use of ICT by Agricultural Extension Agents are assessed. Finally, a conclusion is made and recommendations offered based on the findings.
Access to and adoption of improved seeds by smallholder farmers in Tanzania: cases of maize and rice seeds in Mbeya and Morogoro regions
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Monela, Anna Gerald
The research was done to assess accessibility and adoption of improved maize and rice seeds among 200 smallholder farmers in Mbeya and Morogoro Regions. The specific objectives were to: assess smallholder farmers‟ knowledge on improved maize and rice seeds, assess smallholder farmers' attitude towards improved maize and rice seeds, determine the accessibility of improved maize and rice seeds, estimate the adoption rate of improved maize and rice seeds and determine the impacts of some socio-economic factors on the chances of smallholder farmers‟ adopting improved maize and rice seeds. Data were collected by mainly using a household questionnaire, and SPSS was used to analyse the data whereby, among other analyses, binary logistic regression was used to determine impacts of improved seed related factors on the chances of farmers adopting the seeds. The results showed that 66% and 81% of the household heads were aware of improved maize and rice seeds, respectively; and 29.0%, 7.5% and 63% of the respondents had unfavourable, neutral and favourable attitudes towards improved seeds. It was also found that the proportions of households which had access to improved maize and rice seeds were 40.5% and 34.5% respectively, while those which had adopted the seeds were 56.0% and 71.0%, respectively. The factors which had the highest positive impact on the chances of smallholder farmers adopting improved maize and seeds were land for rice production (Wald statistic = 51.772, p < 0.001) and farmers' awareness of improved seeds (Wald statistic = 8.515, p < 0.01). It is concluded that increasing acreage for rice and creation of more awareness about improved seeds are big determinants of adoption of improved seeds. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and other institutions dealing with agriculture should put more emphasis on accessibility and adoption of improved maize and rice seeds in order to improve rice and maize productivity in Tanzania.
Access to bank loans and smallholder farmers' paddy productivity; a case of Mvomero district, Tanzania
(IJASAB International, 2022) Mpeku, Faraja N.; Urassa, Justin K.
Limited access to credit is one of the main limitations facing smallholders in Africa. Therefore, the study on which this paper is based, aimed at comparing smallholder farmers paddy productivity before and after their access to loans from formal financial institutions. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design whereby data were collected once from 110 smallholder paddy farmers in Mvomero District using a questionnaire. In addition, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to enable triangulation. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS whereby both descriptive and inferential statistics were determined. Study findings show that the paddy crop continues to play an essential role in the majority of households in the study area. Paddy productivity, on the other hand, was relatively low. The results from the linear regression show that loan size, age of household, farm size, the use of fertilizer and farming experience were significantly associated with paddy productivity. They further show that the major challenges faced by smallholder farmers in their access to bank loans were high-interest rates, loan inadequacy, and high collateral demand. The results of the paired sample t-test show that there is a difference in productivity before and after farmers accessed bank loans. Despite the importance of paddy farming to household livelihoods, it was reported that access to credit has a positive impact on the productivity of paddy farmers.
Access to reproductive health services and factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in Mtwara Region, Tanzania
(2017) Dunor, H.; Urassa, J. K.
Generally, adolescents/teenagers sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs are largely unmet in developing countries despite this group’s size. This paper examines teenage girls’ accessibility to reproductive health services and factors contributing to teenage pregnancy. The study on which the paper is based adopted a crosssectional explanatory design and was conducted in Mtwara Region, Tanzania covering four secondary schools. Teenage girls in the four secondary schools were randomly selected to participate in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires, focus groups discussions and key informant interviews. A total of 156 people participated in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPPS while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Generally, results show that teenage pregnancy is a major problem in Mtwara and the attributing factors include poverty, culture, desire for money, peer pressure, lack of education on reproductive health issues and poor parental support. Results also show that teenagers in Mtwara lack access to youth friendly reproductive health services. Additionally, the findings show a disparity in terms of access to reproductive health services (RHS) between rural and urban teenage girls: those in the urban area had relatively more access compared with their rural counterparts. It is therefore concluded that access to reproductive health services for teenage girls is a serious challenge in Mtwara region. It is hereby recommended it is recommended that households be empowered to earn sufficient income to provide for their families, particular emphasis should be put on non-farm income generating activities. It is also recommended that youth friendly SRH services be established in the study areas; doing so will improve youth’s access to the same
Access to reproductive health services and factors contributing to teenage pregnancy in Mtwara Region, Tanzania
(2017) Dunor, H.; Urassa, J. K.
Generally, adolescents/teenagers sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs are largely unmet in developing countries despite this group’s size. This paper examines teenage girls’ accessibility to reproductive health services and factors contributing to teenage pregnancy. The study on which the paper is based adopted a crosssectional explanatory design and was conducted in Mtwara Region, Tanzania covering four secondary schools. Teenage girls in the four secondary schools were randomly selected to participate in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires, focus groups discussions and key informant interviews. A total of 156 people participated in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPPS while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Generally, results show that teenage pregnancy is a major problem in Mtwara and the attributing factors include poverty, culture, desire for money, peer pressure, lack of education on reproductive health issues and poor parental support. Results also show that teenagers in Mtwara lack access to youth friendly reproductive health services. Additionally, the findings show a disparity in terms of access to reproductive health services (RHS) between rural and urban teenage girls: those in the urban area had relatively more access compared with their rural counterparts. It is therefore concluded that access to reproductive health services for teenage girls is a serious challenge in Mtwara region. It is hereby recommended it is recommended that households be empowered to earn sufficient income to provide for their families, particular emphasis should be put on non-farm income generating activities. It is also recommended that youth friendly SRH services be established in the study areas; doing so will improve youth’s access to the same.
Access to sexual and reproductive health and rights: youth experiences in Handeni district, Tanzania
(American Research Institute for Policy Development, 2018-06-30) Jeckoniah, J.N.
Young people in Tanzania face many problems that affect their access to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). This study on which this paper is based explored youth’s knowledge, access to, and utilization of SRHR services. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey using quantitative and qualitative research methods. Simple random and systematic sampling techniques were used to select 390 respondents. A questionnaire based survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were the main methods for data collection. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to analyse quantitative data. The study found some knowledge gap on SRHR. Parents and tribal elders had limited communication with youth on SRHR, a thing which hampered youth’s adoption of the recommended practices. It is recommended to local government authorities and NGOs involved in promoting SRHR to involve and support local power structures including tribal elders and village councils during training and capacity building on issues related to SRHR for community ownership, acceptance and sustainability of the initiatives. It is recommended to the local government authorities and NGOs to have a focus on dual protection advocating for abstinence and consistent and correct use of condoms.
Access to social media and sexual behaviour among secondary school students: a case of selected secondary schools in Morogoro, Tanzania
(International Journal of Education and Research, 2015) Jeckoniah, J .N.; Paul, D.
Remarkable changes have happened in the communication industry due to the rapid growth of the social networking over the last five years. Adolescent at secondary school level are increasingly accessing and using these social networks in their daily lives. However, the impacts of their access to social media into their sexual behaviour remain underreported. This study was set to explore the relationship between social networks and sexual behaviour. The study was conducted in Morogoro and involved four secondary schools. The study adopted cross sectional research design. Simple random sampling and systematic sampling technique were used to select sample 200 students. Data analysis was done using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) where descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. Index scale was used to gauge students’ sexual behaviour and F-test was used to compare students’ sexual behaviour and their access to social media. The study found that students had risky sexual behaviour: have many sexual partners and were not using condoms consistently. Majority of students have access to social networks and access to social networks was associated with their sexual behaviour. The study recommends that more education be given to parents on the effects of their children access to social networks and their undertaking of risky sexual behaviour so that they can guide and support them on using social networks that does not expose them to unfavourable sexual contents.
Accessibility and use of Local Government monitoring database in the reform programme: The case of Ludewa District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2009) MBEDE, L. E.
This study aimed at determining effectiveness of Local Government Monitoring Database (LGMD) in the realisation of Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP) in Ludewa District. The specific objectives were; (i) to examine the type of support provided by the district to villages to facilitate data gathering, management and utilization; (ii) its effects on development planning and monitoring in the district; (iii) to identify problems which hinder performance of LGMD; and (iv) to assess factors that influence effective operation of LGMD and comparison of performance of LGMD operation between semi urban and rural villages. Stratified sampling was used to obtain sample of 20 villages, 10 being semi urban and other 10 were rural villages. From these 20 villages a sample of 120 respondents was drawn. Sampling unit for this study was an- information provider drawn from members of village assembly and extension staff working with the community. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using interview schedule administered to information providers and observation was also used during survey. Data analysis was done using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS). An ordinary least square model was used to determine the influence of independent variables on the level of effective operation of LGMD. The study revealed that there is no significant difference in the performance of LGMD operation between semi urban and rural villages. This is due to the short life span of the project to manifest true characters of effect in LGMD operation. However, preliminary signs show that there is difference in effectiveness of LGMD between semi urban and rural settings- implying the need of having consideration of urban or rural and metropolitan or periphery conditions on programmes which are to operate throughout the country. Since LGMD is owned by Government and extend from national to community level the Government should consider financing data collection and management to ensure its effectiveness.
Accountability of board and management to members in primary agricultural marketing cooperatives societies (amcos) in Tanzania, evidence from selected amcos of Bukoba and Moshi Districts
(IDpublication, 2018) Rwekaza, Gratian Cronery; Kayunze, Kim Abel; Kimaryo, Leons Philip
Co-operative democracy plays a key social function in the organization of economic relations that govern member owned firms where the aspect of managerial accountability is becoming important for co-operative to embark on sustainable democracy. In Tanzania, various efforts have been made to ensure primary Agriculture Marketing Co-operative Society (AMCOS) mainstream member ownership and democracy where Board and management accountable to members are apparent. The study used primary AMCOS of Bukoba and Moshi district. The study revealed that the management were much accountable to the Union in Bukoba district primary AMCOS as compared to Moshi district. The use of meetings, members opt the use general meeting to affect managerial accountability to AMCOS members. Education and training at the primary AMCOS was examined and most had no plan to obtain education and some primary AMCOS shows education were not provided but planned to be provided. Information dissemination was done by using village meetings as compared to the use of primary AMCOS notice Board. Also, decisions are not implemented as members agreed while few accepting meeting decisions to be implemented. Reasons limiting implementations being absence of implementation plans. The decision ownership powers were found to be on the hands of union in Bukoba district primary AMCOS by while Moshi district primary AMCOS Management had more ownership power. The membership rights also indicated the lowest percentage on right to chose leaders of the primary AMCOS, right to sell their produce in the primary AMCOS and right to co- operative education. The leadership succession planning had the lowest present, revealing no primary AMCOS has performed it and the reasons being youth migration to town. The study recommends that education co-operative governance to members be emphasised since it is important for next generation leaders who will become Board members capable of running their organisations
Accountability, rule of law and fairness in constituency development catalyst fund (CDCF) management in Vwawa Constituency, Tanzania
(IISTE, 2020-05-31) Mgani, F. L.; Nombo, C. I.; Chingonikaya, E. E.
This paper presents findings from a study which set forth to examine the governance of Constituency development Catalyst Fund. It focused on three pillars of governance which are; accountability, rule of law and fairness. The study was conducted in Vwawa constituency, in Mbozi District, Songwe Region in Tanzania. The study data were collected through semi-structure interviews, focus group discussions and (FGDs) and Observation. These were later transcribed and subsequently analyzed. The findings revealed that CDCF implementation was imbued with lack of accountability especially in publishing information of the expenditure of CDCF although villagers had chances to report all cases with fraudulent elements on CDCF and other funds. It was farther found that procurement process followed the required procedures, although in some circumstances it was influenced by either ward or constituency officers. Furthermore, it was found that the CDCF distribution was fair, however, in some cases, influenced by politicians especially the MP. Based on these findings, the study concludes that, the presence of well informed citizens may facilitate them to hold CDCF officers and other stakeholders accountable in any matter concerning the fund. Rules and regulations must be observed. Citizens must involve in decision making about CDCF activities. The practice done by some politicians in influencing the distribution of the funds is jeopardizing fairness in allocation of funds. All villages need the support from CDCF. The study recommends that, it is important to have well informed citizenly who can be able to hold officers and other stake holders accountable. It also recommends that, citizens should participate fully in decision making of CDCF activities. Lastly it recommends that, the distribution of the funds should not be influenced by the politicians.
Achieving social protection for the elderly in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: a call for social institutions towards improving elderly service provision
(Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2017) Malima, R.; Jeckoniah, J.N.; Mvena, Z.S.K.
The elderly in Tanzania face social insecurity that put them at risk of great horizon of abuse, social exclusion, serious illness and abject poverty. Although, there are several social institutions addressing the risks facing the elderly in Tanzania, still the elderly’s adverse conditions remain unabated. This paper examined Social Institutions (SIs) and their respective roles in providing social security to the elderly in terms of food, health, shelter, clothing and income services. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design where a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were the main methods of data collection. The descriptive statistical analysis was employed to explore the distribution of socioeconomic characteristics and social protection. Content analyses approach was used to analyses the qualitative data. The findings show that: the family, Department of Social Welfare (DSW), Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) and religious institutions were the most active SIs providing social protection to the elderly. Elderly were unsatisfied with the SIs’social services provision as they narrowly focused on health and food. There was inadequately provision of other needy services. The study recommends to government to enhance the implementation of the social protection policies and guide service provision mechanisms among SIs. There Sis should adopt joint implementation of the social protection interventions to improve the scope of services for elderly welfares.
Actors' interaction and farmers participation agricultural projects: A case of RIPAT-SUA project in Morogoro Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2020) Ringo, Gasper Philemon
Studies on farmers’ interactions in agricultural projects have reported on the importance of the interaction of farmers with other actors on their participation in agricultural projects and subsequent adoption of agricultural technologies. However, there has been little interest on the influence of farmers’ interactions, alternative income generating opportunities and biophysical conditions of the farmers’ geographical locations, on farmers’ participation in agricultural projects. Guided by Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and the social exchange theory, the study sought to describe the patterns of interactions between farmers and other actors, determine the influence of interactions on farmers’ participation in agricultural projects and determine exogenous factors influencing farmers’ interactions. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design whereby data were collected through a questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, and key informant interview. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and inferentially while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The study findings showed that farmers’ interactions with other actors in agricultural projects increased with decrease in distance from the crop market. Diversity of crops/livestock produced and number of resources shared by the actors showed a statistically significant influence on farmers’ interactions. The findings showed further that participation of farmers in agricultural projects increased with increasing remoteness, and interactions influenced participation. With alternative income generating opportunities, the farmer may take up additional income generating activities limiting their participation in agricultural activities. Institutions, biophysical conditions and group leadership showed statistically significant influence on participation. The study findings corroborate the IAD framework that the action situation, that is, biophysical conditions (in this case proximity to the crop market), interactions and institutions, influence farmer’s decision to participate in agricultural projects. They also support the social exchange theory which postulates that cost and rewards (in this case resources shared) are important driving forces for farmers’ interactions. The study suggests that, rather than referring to it just as cost and rewards, it should be explicit in the social exchange theory that both material and social benefits are important when it comes to motivating factors for actors’ interactions. For increased farmers’ participation, it is recommended that government and non-governmental organizations embrace group approach and the RIPAT approach in designing and implementing agricultural development projects. Creation of avenues for agricultural stakeholders’ interactions, improvement of the feeder roads and construction of markets at strategic locations are also recommended. Lastly, agricultural interventions ought to be rewarding to farmers.
Adaptation and Coping Strategies to Climate Change Among Agro-Pastoralists Community in Mvomero District, Tanzania
(2015-06-30) Jeckoniah, John
The climate is perceived to be changing, thus calling for understanding of livelihoods strategies to guide in developing climate-resilient livelihoods. This paper investigated adaptation strategies undertaken by agro-pastoralists to cope with climate change impact in Mvomero district. A cross sectional research design was adopted where data were collected only once and 135 sampled households were involved in the study. Household questionnaires, key-informants interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were the main methods for data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis were the main methods used in data analysis. The study revealed various adaptation strategies used by agro-pastoralists in the study area including, timing and the use of improved crop varieties. The coping strategies for livestock keepers were to reduce the number of livestocks, moving the animals to other places temporarily and some of them permanently. However, such coping strategies were not sustainable and some household became more vulnerable to climate change due to their ineffective coping strategies. Therefore, the study recommends to government and non governmental organizations to improve agro-pastoralists access to extension services for the access of reliable information and knowledge on predicting weather forecast using both local/indigenous and improved means. Institutions dealing with climate related issues including the meteorology agency should be strengthened to improve the packaging and the dissemination of weather forecast and information related to climate change
Adaptation and Coping Strategies to Climate Change Among Agro-Pastoralists Community in Mvomero District, Tanzania
(2015-12-30) Jeckoniah, John
The climate is perceived to be changing, thus calling for understanding of livelihoods strategies to guide in developing climate-resilient livelihoods. This paper investigated adaptation strategies undertaken by agro-pastoralists to cope with climate change impact in Mvomero district. A cross sectional research design was adopted where data were collected only once and 135 sampled households were involved in the study. Household questionnaires, key-informants interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) were the main methods for data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis were the main methods used in data analysis. The study revealed various adaptation strategies used by agro-pastoralists in the study area including, timing and the use of improved crop varieties. The coping strategies for livestock keepers were to reduce the number of livestocks, moving the animals to other places temporarily and some of them permanently. However, such coping strategies were not sustainable and some household became more vulnerable to climate change due to their ineffective coping strategies. Therefore, the study recommends to government and non governmental organizations to improve agro-pastoralists access to extension services for the access of reliable information and knowledge on predicting weather forecast using both local/indigenous and improved means. Institutions dealing with climate related issues including the meteorology agency should be strengthened to improve the packaging and the dissemination of weather forecast and information related to climate change

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