Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection

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Effects of phosphate haplustult duration of contact and rates of Minjingu Phosphate Rock (MPR) on its release of P in a kanhaplic haplustult
(2006) Nsenga, J. V; Mrema, J. P
An incubation pot experiment was conducted at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania to study the effects of times of contact and rates of Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR) applied to a Kanhaplic Haplustult on the release of P from the MPR. The soil was mixed with MPR at rat'es equivalent to 0.0, 25.0, 37.5, 50.0 and 75.0 mg PI kg soil. The incubation periods were 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The moisture content of the soil in the pots was maintained at about field capacity during the incubation periods using distilled water. Release of P from the MPR increased with increase in MPR rates and incubation periods. The interaction between incubation periods and MPR rates explained about 86.8% of the variation in P release from the MPR. MPR rates accountedfor 76.6% of the release of P, while incubation periods accounted for 10.3% of the dissolution. The soil pH and extractable Ca were found to increase slightly with increase in MPR rates but decreased with increase in incubation periods. The exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al decreased with increase in MPR rates, and slightly increased with incubation periods.
Farmers’ coping strategies to a changed coffee market after economic liberalization: the case of Mbinga district in Tanzania
(African Study Monographs, 2007) Mhando, David, G.; Itani, Juichi
The Mbinga District of Tanzania is a major coffee production area occupied by the Matengo, who cultivate food and cash crops. In 1986, the Tanzanian government introduced Structural Adjustment Programmes, and in 1993, liberalized the coffee market. As a result, subsidies to agricultural inputs were abandoned, and the cooperative union that had been responsible for coffee production and marketing in Mbinga collapsed. At the same time, improvements to growing and processing technologies and the entry of new coffee-producing countries caused overproduction in the global coffee market; thus, the price of coffee decreased to an unprecedented level. With the excessive supply, prices remain in stagnation, but the costs of agricultural inputs continue to rise. Mbinga farmers have pushed for various policy changes regarding coffee production and the natural and social environment while making the best use of the lessens learned from their initial experiences in the new market economy. They have structurally transformed the rural economy, whereby income is generated by distributing the coffee revenue that used to be invested in business. They also have developed a risk-management strategy. In the 10 years since economic liberalization, the farmers abandoned the state system, became economically self-reliant, and modified the structure of the rural economy.
Classroom discourse and discursive practices in higher education in Tanzania
(Research Gate, 2008) Mohamed, Hashim Issa; Banda, Felix
The paper problematises student writing as social practice from the perspective of lecturers’ discursive practices. The paper uses data from a major study at a higher learning institution in Tanzania to explore lecturers’ discursive practices and familiarity with the university orders of discourse including English medium of instruction, in unequal power relations with students, for whom English is a foreign language. The lecturers’ practices are scrutinised in terms of how they work against facilitating students’ access to the privileged literacy practices of the academia and how they serve to enact and sustain dominance in Tanzania’s education system, with its monolingual orientation, which privileges Kiswahili in primary school and English in secondary and higher education.
Attitudes towards affirmative action policies’ implementation in local politics in Tanzania: a case of Misungwi district, Mwanza region
(2009) Kabote, Samwel Juma
For about two decades, Affirmative Action (AA) policies, particularly Quotas and/or Special Seats have been substantial measures for increasing women’s political representation and participation in developing countries and Tanzania in particular. However, attitudes related obstructions influences AAs’ implementation in the country. With this rationale, this study was conducted in Misungwi District to assess factors influenced attitudes towards AAs’implementation. A key question in this study was: Do sex, awareness/knowledge on Affirmative Actions (AAs) and duration in local leadership positions influences respondent’s views towards AA’s implementation? Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews and documentary reviews. The analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 13. Findings revealed that, more women had positive attitudes towards AA’s implementation as opposed to men. Knowledge on reasons for Affirmative Action’s introduction was also positive. In addition, respondent’s attitudes were positive for respondents stayed six years and above in local leadership positions. Though it was a case study findings depicted a real picture of most District Councils in Tanzania. The study concluded that negative views towards AAs’ implementation exacerbated women’s under-representation as well as poor participation in local politics. Finally, we recommend that the family, schools and political parties should be entry points to eliminate negative attitudes towards AAs’ implementation in Misungwi District and the nation at large. Public gender awareness campaigns, accompanied with empowerment programmes are also highly recommended in this regard.
Gender and perception on climate change in Bahi and Kondoa districts, Dodoma region, Tanzania
(2012) Swai, O. W; Mbwambo, J. S; Magayane, F. T
Perception precedes measures to adapt to climate change effects. However, little is known on how men and women dealing with agriculture in rural Tanzania perceive climate change. The study to analyze perception on climate change by gender was done in Bahi and Kondoa Districts Dodoma Region, Tanzania. Meteorological data were also used. Primary data obtained from 78 key informants, 12 focus groups and a sample of 360 respondents. Analysis involved descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Findings revealed that 82.7% of men and 76.7% of women perceived the change in rainfall; 98.3% of men and 97.2% of women the change in temperature; 97.2% of men and 95.6% of women the change in strong wind; and all men (100%) and 98.9% of women the change in drought; acknowledging that rainfall variation, temperature, strong wind and drought had increased. It is concluded that majority of men and women perceived the changes in climate. The information obtained can be used as a base in formulating appropriate interventions to manage climate change problems in agriculture sector. The study recommends people of Dodoma, Tanzania and the LDCs to use available knowledge systems to develop appropriate interventions to manage climate change problems.
Perceived effects of climate change on agricultural production: a gendered analysis done in Bahi and Kondoa districts, Dodoma region, Tanzania
(2012) Mbwambo, Jonathan S; Swai, Okuli W; Magayane, Flavianus T
Climate change literature has revealed that the effects of climate change on women and men are not the same and that women are more likely to be severely affected by climate change. However, data to indicate the way men and women are affected by climate change are missing. A study to examine effects of climate change on agricultural production by sex was done in Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma region, Tanzania. Specifically the study analyzed perception of climate change and effects of climate change on agricultural production. A sample of 360 respondents, 12 focus groups of discussants and 78 key informants were consulted. Analysis of quantitative data involved descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Results showed that men and women perceived and were affected differently by climate change. Women were severely affect by effect of climate change that caused hunger/food shortage, that caused them to be subjected to bad food debts and effects that caused them to waste productive time in less productive activities; whereas men were severely affected by the effects of climate change that involved wasting of resources; that associated with out-migration and effects that reduced status of respondents. Using their knowledge, respondents managed to perceive and identify climate change effects. The study recommends Tanzania and other Less Developed Countries to use available knowledge system to learn and manage climate change effects.
Adaptation to changes in the coffee value chain And the price of coffee among coffee producers in Two villages in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
(African Study Monographs, 2013) Mhando, David Gongwe; Haller, Tobias; Mbeyale, Gimbage; Ludi, Eva
Market liberalization in Tanzania has eroded the monopoly of the cooperative unions by allowing private coffee buyers (PCBs) to compete with them on equal footing. Similarly, farmers groups and primary societies are now allowed to sell coffee at auction. Thus, farmers have various options for selling their coffee. Similarly, the coffee industry has experienced large fluctuations in prices and stagnation in production. How do farmers react to these changes? Can and do farmers profit from different market conditions and sell to different traders at the lower end of the value chain, or do they remain with cooperatives or farmers groups? This study was conducted in Mruwia and Mshiri villages in Moshi Rural district. Whereas Mshiri village remains attached to the Kilimanjaro Native Cooperative Union (KNCU), Mruwia has detached from this organization and sells coffee independently. The sample (103) was randomly selected from the coffee farmers in the two villages. Data were collected through surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), and socio-anthropological methods (participant-observation, biographies, and thematic interviews). Results indicate that the selection of whom to sell coffee depends largely on farmers’ dependence on coffee and prices, other benefits accrued, and whether the initial costs are covered by buyers. Additionally, most respondents did not sell coffee to PCBs. Thus, prices, the institutional infrastructure, and the structure of local communities were important when making decisions about how and with whom to trade.
Dynamics of indigenous organisations: the sengu Gathering of the matengo people of Mbinga district, Tanzania
(2014) Mhando, David Gongwe
This paper explores the dynamics of Sengu, an indigenous organisation among the Matengo people of Mbinga District, Tanzania. It explains how Sengu has been transforming over time and fits itself among the Matengo Society. Based on literature review, formal and informal interviews, oral histories and participant observation, the paper traces the development, organisation, roles and disintegration of the pre-colonial Sengu. Furthermore, it explains how and why the present Sengu has been revived and transformed to suit the current developmental challenges of the Matengo people in Kindimba, and in other Matengo villages. The findings reveal that the potential of indigenousness, prevailing spirit of collaboration, sharing, environmental conservation, declining revenue from coffee as well as good leadership of the Sengu committee are among the reasons for its successful revival and operation. The revived Sengu has been transformed in terms of members’ composition, area of coverage, organization and functions. The paper suggests that developmental activities in any society have a higher chance of success if focal features, local knowledge and beliefs of the people are recognized and appreciated. Furthermore, leaders with vision and commitment are of paramount importance for the existence and successful operation of indigenous organizations.
Strategic entrepreneurial response of small and medium enterprises in developing economies
(Canadian Centre for Science and Education, 2014) Bengesi, K. M. K.; Le Roux, I.
This study examined the influence of three dimensions of strategic entrepreneurial response, namely market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and networking capability on SME performance necessary for firms to face challenges in competitive environments. The research confirmed positive influence of the three dimensions of strategic entrepreneurial response (SER), namely market orientation (MO), entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and network capabilities (NWC) on small and medium enterprise (SME) performance. The dimensions of SER explained a significant amount of variance (50.1%) in SME performance, with the largest amount (27.1%) of variance accounted for by MO. The findings suggest that emphasis on MO is a firm’s strategic choice to generate strategic information which forms a seedbed of opportunities from which entrepreneurial oriented firms identify and proactively seize to build competitive advantage. Contrary to previous studies, which emphasized that opportunity seeking behaviour is a domain of EO, this paper argues that MO is pivotal construct to the SER. This paper views EO as more driven by an advantage seeking behaviour rather than opportunity seeking behaviour as conceptualised before. With these findings, this paper suggest that sustained market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation cultures build opportunity seeking and advantage seeking behaviours, respectively crucial to create and sustain SME performance.
The influence of networking capability in small and medium enterprise performance
(Center for Promoting Ideas, 2014) Bengesi, K. M. K.; Le Roux, I.
This study examined the influence of four dimensions of networking capability (NWC) namely internal communication, partner knowledge, relational skills, and coordination in SMEs performance. To attain this objective a cross sectional research design was used in which 291 SME owners / managers in three sectors of economy namely manufacturing, service and retail in Tanzania were interviewed. The results confirm positive influence of three dimensions of NWC (i.e. internal communication, partner knowledge and relational skills) in SME performance and negative influence of coordination in SME performance. These findings suggest that firms’ emphasis on relational skills set a context to identify appropriate partner with relevant resources and capabilities to complement resource needs of firms that subsequently build competitive advantage. Following debate on whether networking is beneficial or not this study ascertain that the benefits of networking are inclined on the ability of a firm to acquire and apply dimensions of NWC.
Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small and Medium Enterprise Performance in Emerging Economies
(Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2014) Le Roux, I.; Bengesi, K. M. K.
The removal of trade barriers has encouraged the entry of new competitors into formerly protected markets. This situation creates pressure on many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies such as Tenzania. Using a survey method and cross-sectional research design, the research examines three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), namely: pro-activeness, risk-taking and competitive aggressiveness. (Jnderstanding their relationships and variance may help to improve our ability to explain SME performance. The findings contribute to how SME pedormance in emerging economies be enhanced to enable SMEs to face challenges posed by competitor influx in the context of an open market economy. The findings indicate a strong relationship between EO dimensions and performance, with risk- taking and competitive aggressiveness moderating the effect of pro-activeness. The proposed model could predict 72Vo of the variance explained in SME performance.
Consumers' perception on adoption of improved cookstoves: a case of Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania
(Institute of Continuing Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Massawe, F. A.; Bengesi, K. M. K.; Kweka, A. E.
This study was conducted in Kilimanjaro Region to examine consumers' perceptions on adoption of Improved Cookstove (ICS) involving 294 households. The results recorded low prominence of positive perceptions among respondents on ICS relative to traditional stoves. Despite several positive attributes of ICS, the study observed that the majority of non-adopters considered positive attributes to be less important in making a decision to adopt the technology, while negative attributes were considered important in guiding decisions not to reject adoption of ICS. Consistently, the study recorded high association between high adoption levels and the relative advantages and adoption of ICS while the non-adopters weighed on the negative attributes to make their decision. This suggests that promoters of ICS should focus on end users, launching awareness campaigns to understand and address factors perceived by end users to be disadvantages of using ICS. The ICS designers and promoters should capture values of end users and incorporate them in their designs when developing technologies and innovations to foster higher adoption rates.
Patterns of household cooking energy and associated factors: experience from Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania
(Stanford University, 2015) Massawe, F. A.; Bengesi, K. M. K.; Kweka, A. M.
Traditional biomass is a major source of cooking and heating energy in Tanzania. Although Tanzanian energy policy insists on the need to diversify energy sources, the level of diversification at a household level is not well known. This study identified energy use patterns and their associated factors in Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Specifically, the study identified the types of cooking fuels and stoves available and used by households, as well as how and why households combined various cooking fuels. The household survey was conducted in 294 randomly selected households in the districts of Rombo and Hai. We found that although biomass is becoming scarce, it is still a major source of cooking energy, combined with the traditional cooking stove. Only 10.2% of the households reported full-time use of improved biomass cookstoves (ICS). The rest combined ICS with the traditional stove, threatening the sustainability of the biomass resource. It was found that 15% of ICS used by households were abandoned due to various technical flaws. Factors like woodlot ownership, kitchen location, electric grid connection, quality of living, and sources of firewood were associated with partial switching of households to either transition fuels or cleaner fuels. We conclude that energy use patterns in this region demonstrate a partial switching of fuel source, because some households use transition fuels or cleaner fuels combined with firewood. Fuel diversification focused more on cooking with biomass than moving to cleaner fuels. This implies that biomass will continue to be a major source of cooking fuels for Tanzanian households and, hence, ICS remains the best solution. For ICS to have a broad impact and achieve more widespread use, it is necessary to address some technical problems associated with ICS. The government of Tanzania should revisit the cost of alternative energy sources like LPG to improve their affordability for the masses.
Patterns of household cooking energy and associated factors: experience from Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
(Researchgate, 2015) Massawe, F. A.; Bengesi, K. M. K.; Kweka, A. E.
Traditional biomass is a major source of cooking and heating energy in Tanzania. Although Tanzanian energy policy insists on the need to diversify energy sources, the level of diversification at a household level is not well known. This study identified energy use patterns and their associated factors in Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Specifically, the study identified the types of cooking fuels and stoves available and used by households, as well as how and why households combined various cooking fuels. The household survey was conducted in 294 randomly selected households in the districts of Rombo and Hai. We found that although biomass is becoming scarce, it is still a major source of cooking energy, combined with the traditional cooking stove. Only 10.2% of the households reported full-time use of improved biomass cookstoves (ICS). The rest combined ICS with the traditional stove, threatening the sustainability of the biomass resource. It was found that 15% of ICS used by households were abandoned due to various technical flaws. Factors like woodlot ownership, kitchen location, electric grid connection, quality of living, and sources of firewood were associated with partial switching of households to either transition fuels or cleaner fuels. We conclude that energy use patterns in this region demonstrate a partial switching of fuel source, because some households use transition fuels or cleaner fuels combined with firewood. Fuel diversification focused more on cooking with biomass than moving to cleaner fuels. This implies that biomass will continue to be a major source of cooking fuels for Tanzanian households and, hence, ICS remains the best solution. For ICS to have a broad impact and achieve more widespread use, it is necessary to address some technical problems associated with ICS. The government of Tanzania should revisit the cost of alternative energy sources like LPG to improve their affordability for the masses.
Making ICTs work for agro-pastoral livelihood: using the telecentre as learning tool for agro-pastoralists communities in Tanzania
(Journal of Sustainable Development, 2015) Ngowi, Edwin; Mwakalobo, Adam; Mwamfupe, Davis
Traditional agricultural extension services intended to serve agro-pastoralists in Tanzania and Sub-Saharan Africa at large have failed to make significant impacts, due partly to the lack of knowledge-sharing practices to disseminate timely agricultural and livestock-keeping information. A key problem has been inadequate access to information due to weak linkages and interactions between agricultural and livestock research institutions; including, the lack of knowledge and information articulating best practices; and deficiency of relevant research information presented in easy to understand ways and localized to the needs of agro-pastoralists. However, in recent years, there has been growing attention devoted to the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in agriculture and livestock-keeping development. The growing ubiquity of mobile phones presents an excellent opportunity to put timely agricultural and livestock-keeping information into the hands of agro-pastoralists through direct linkages with the telecentres services in rural areas. The evidence has linked ICTs to an increase in gross domestic product; it has prompted dedication to the research of the socio-economic benefits and policy implications of ICTs consumption in Africa. Consisting of field case studies and implementation frameworks for telecentres, this paper provides a Tanzanian rural perspective and understanding of the developments in ICTs services for sustainable agro-pastoral livelihood. Therefore, the field results indicates that, the extent of the interaction between the telecentre services and agro-pastoralists in terms of ICTs access as a learning tool shows that more than half, 43.7% (178) and 23.6% (96) out of 407 respondents were interacting; whereby agro-pastoralists access the services provided by the telecentres to improve agro-pastoral livelihood. We conclude that the interaction between the telecentre services and agro-pastoralists has to be transformed; since the potential of ICTs services in rural areas as yet remains untapped and urgent measures are required to derive maximum benefits for sustainable agro-pastoral livelihood.
Household Awareness and Knowledge on Improved Cookstoves : A Case of Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
(2015) Massawe, F. A.; Bengesi, K. M. K.; Kweka, A. E.
The initiatives to replace inefficient cooking stoves with improved cookstoves (ICS) in developing countries have not been successful. The available studies have given less attention to consumer’s awareness and knowledge on ICS despite the two variables being essential on the adoption decision. This study was conducted in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania covering 294 households to explore household awareness and knowledge on ICS and establish if awareness and knowledge differ between adopters and non adopters. The findings revealed that there were limited awareness and knowledge on the use ICS and negative opinion on efficient cooking behaviour. The Mann Whitney U test showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) between adopters and non adopters on efficient cooking behaviour. On the other hand, there were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.005) between adopters and non adopters on knowledge and skills of ICS use. The study concludes that the low level of awareness and knowledge on efficient cooking behaviour and on skills in respect of application of ICS might slow down the process of making decision to adopt ICS. Additionally, low knowledge may lead to non adherence to the technical use of ICS hence failing to maximize the recommended ICS efficiency which subsequently affects the perception on ICS.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perception of Climate Change Versus Meteorological Data in Semi-arid Areas of Iringa District, Tanzania
(2015) Kihupi, Mary L; Chingonikaya, Emmanuel E; Mahonge, Chritopher
The ongoing changes in global climate threaten the sources of livelihood, especially among smallholder farmers in poor parts of the world. Smallholder farmers need to recognize the changes in climate already taking place in their areas and undertake appropriate investments towards adaptation. The coping and adaptation strategies of the farmers are linked to a very large extent with their perception on climate change and its impacts. The main objective of this study is to examine smallholder farmers’ perception of climate change vis-á-vis meteorological data. Specifically this paper answers the following research questions: how smallholder farmers perceive climate change, what are the meteorological data of the study area, and how meteorological data link with smallholder farmers’ perception to climate change. The study was carried out in semi-arid areas of Iringa District. The research design was cross sectional. A multistage sampling procedure was applied to select divisions, wards, villages and households. Ismani and Pawaga Divisions of Iringa District were purposefully selected based on their climatic conditions. A total of 240 respondents were drawn randomly from eight villages. Data were collected through household survey, key informant interviews, observation and focus group discussions methods. Meteorological data were collected from Tanzania Meteorological Agency. Quantitative data were analyzed through SPSS and qualitative data through content analysis. Instant Statistical Packages for Agro-climatological data was used in analyzing the 54 years meteorological data of Nduli meteorological station in Iringa District. The findings revealed that smallholder farmers perceived climate change in terms of change in temperature, changes in rainfall, increase in drought condition and increase in malaria and crop pests and diseases. Change in rainfall pattern, temperature pattern and occurrence of pests and diseases had significant impact on smallholder farmers’ households whose livelihood depends on rain fed farming. Therefore smallholder farmers need to adapt to the changing climate. It is recommended that there is need for development of appropriate adaptation strategies to climate change of which smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas of Iringa District perceived. This can be achieved by helping smallholder farmers use their local knowledge in combination with introduced innovations to enhance adaptation to the impact of climate change
Tanzania’s mining sector reforms: towards or away from Mwalimu Nyerere’s Ujamaa ideology
(IISTE, 2016) Muhanga, M
Due to economic hardships Tanzania has been experiencing, which became particularly acute in the early 1980s, a number of strategies were devised to improve the prospects for development through rigorous and wideranging reforms in almost all sectors of the economy, mining sector inclusive. This paper discusses Mining Sector Reforms reflecting on Mwalimu Nyerere’s legacy. Specifically, it focuses on how these reforms have affected the mining sector and how the reforms are in agreement with what Tanzania, founding father Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere has advocated in relation to resources governance. This paper introduces the reader to the theoretical issues on government and economic reforms. In addition, it provides an overview of Tanzania’s reform of the economy following the economic hardships of the late 1970s and the 1980s. Generally, the paper has attempted to review Tanzania’s mining sector on basis of Mwalimu Nyerere’s belief that a country should benefit from her natural resource base. In particular, the paper examines issues of ethics and resource governance as advocated by Mwalimu Nyerere. In addition to the above, the paper further highlights reforms in Tanzania’s mining sector by analyzing successes, failures and lessons learnt both before and after the reforms. To get a better understanding of the above, issues around the legal and policy environment in relation to the mining sector have been analyzed in the context of reforms in Tanzania. The paper also discusses other cross cutting (legal and policy) reforms made in Tanzania in the last fifty plus years of independence, which have impacted on Tanzania’s mining as per Mwalimu Nyerere’s perspective.
Public private partnership in Tanzania’s transportation infrastructure: the way PPP is understood, challenges and the way forward
(Economic and Social Research Foundation, 2016) Bengesi, K. M. K.; Mwesiga, P.; Mrema, T.
Meeting the required budget for robust transportation infrastructure sufficient to trigger an agriculture-led economic growth is a national challenge that calls for Public Private Partnerships (PPP) to complement government funding. The national trans- portation network is inefficient and this hampers agricultural growth, limits employment of about 75% rural citizens, and undermines Tanzania’s geographical potential as a regional trade gateway and logistical hub. Government efforts to create an ena- bling environment - especially the PPP policy, legal framework and associated institutions - have not succeeded to attract full participation of the private sector in the development of transportation infrastructure. A 2014/2015 study by ESRF assessed understanding of the PPP concept between the partners and factors associated with the low participation of the private sector actors. Findings depicted some good practices by the government, such as continued review of the institutional framework to accommo- date stakeholders’ constructive opinions and interests as well as the persistent awareness creation on the PPP concept and framework to stakeholders. The findings also identified areas of improvement for both partners including uncommon under- standing of the PPP concept, unawareness of prospects by private actors, insufficient capital market, lack of sufficient capacity by local private actors, lack of transparency along the PPP procurement chain, lack of negotiations and project monitoring skills among the relevant public officials, and double-dealing among some public officials responsible for PPP processes. The findings call for a concerted amendment of the institutional framework to enhance a common understanding of the PPP concept, create sufficient awareness of PPP prospects among the private actors, raise capital market, capacitate local private actors, and ensure transparent PPP procurement procedures while reinforcing adherence to the public code of conduct among public officials as well as building their negotiation and project management skills.
Awareness of Peri-urban Farmers on the Concept of Climate Change: A Case of Temeke District, Dar es Salaam Region
(International Knowledge Sharing Platform, 2016) Lunyelele, S. P.; Bengesi, K. M. K.; Katani, J. Z.
This study assessed peri-urban farmers’ awareness on the concept of climate change in Temeke District, Dar es Salaam Region. A total of 240 questionnaires were administered to the heads of households in four wards of the study area. Descriptive statistics mainly frequency distribution, percentages and average were used to analyse socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Perceived indicators and the effects of climate change were measured through a five point Likert Scale. Off the interviewed respondents 97.9% were generally aware of climate change. Farmers’ awareness is manifested through the locally perceived indicators: increase in drought which had a mean score ( ) of 4.4, decline in rainfall ( =3.83), recurrent floods ( =3.83) and rainfall fluctuations ( =3.1). Respondents linked climate change with human activities largely cutting and burning of trees. Farmers’ perceptions are not directly linked with scientific understanding of climate change. The study recommends for the Government intervention based on farmers’ specific needs. In the other vein, more researches on climate change awareness is recommended in order to enhance local community’s adaptive capacity.

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