Potential of “payment for ecosytem services - PES” as an effective tool for water management of the Uluguru Watershed in Tanzania
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Date
2013
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Sokoine University of Agriculture.
Abstract
A study was carried out in the Uluguru watersheds from November 2011 to June
2012 to evaluate the potential of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) to serve as
an effective watershed management tool; and the results should be used for
formulating policies and strategies for sustainable management of watersheds in the
Uluruguru Mountains. The specific objectives were to assess the Willingness to Pay
(WTP) for watershed services in the Uluguru Mountains; evaluate the Willingness to
Accept Compensation (WTAC) of communities residing in the Uluguru Mountains
for conserving watersheds, and assess factors which influence the WTP and WTAC
for ecosystem conservation in the study area. A total of 120 households were
covered. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and its variant, the Choice
Experiment (CE) constituted the key approaches to the study. The results of non
parametric and parametric WTP indicated that the non-parametric approach yielded
lower mean WTP estimates than the parametric approach even when compared with
the univariate model. The mean WTP for the nonparametric approach was TZS 4200
compared to TZS 7500 and TZS 6600 for univariate and multivariate parametric
analyses, respectively. Potential revenues from water charges for domestic uses in
Morogoro Municipality, that could to fund the watershed management was
estimated at TZS 31.99 million per month or TZS 383.92 million annually. The
results of Choice Experiment (CE) showed that upstream farmers would need to be
compensated at the rate of about TZS 100 000 per ha per year for developing
terraces with 4 rows of trees and grass strips on 1% of their agricultural area. For a
1% increase of area containing terraces with 4 rows of trees and grass strips
upstream farmers would need a compensation of more than TZS 400 000 per ha per
year. Age and education revealed positive role in the willingness to adopt
environmentally friendly practices under a PES. Key recommendations from the
study include the need to carry out activities towards informing and educating the
public about PES and its advantages. The public should be informed the various
environmental services they benefit from. Likewise, binding agreements and a
specific regulatory among service providers of environmental services need to be
established to facilitate the implementation of compensation measures on a broader
scale.
Description
The Degree of Master of Arts in Rural Development
Keywords
Payment for ecosytem services, Water management, Uluguru Watershed, Tanzania