Investigating the meat pathway as a source of human nontyphoidal salmonella bloodstream infections and diarrhea in East Africa

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dc.contributor.authorCrump, John A.
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Kate M.
dc.contributor.authorBenschop, Jackie
dc.contributor.authorKnox, Matthew A.
dc.contributor.authorWilkinson, David A.
dc.contributor.authorMidwinter, Anne C.
dc.contributor.authorMunyua, Peninah
dc.contributor.authorOchieng, John B.
dc.contributor.authorBigogo, Godfrey M.
dc.contributor.authorVerani, Jennifer R.
dc.contributor.authorWiddowson, Marc-Alain
dc.contributor.authorPrinsen, Gerard
dc.contributor.authorCleaveland, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorKarimuribo, Esron D.
dc.contributor.authorKazwala, Rudovick R.
dc.contributor.authorMmbaga, Blandina T.
dc.contributor.authorSwai, Emanuel S.
dc.contributor.authorFrench, Nigel P.
dc.contributor.authorZadoks, Ruth N.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-30T11:07:29Z
dc.date.available2026-03-30T11:07:29Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.descriptionMajor article
dc.description.abstractBackground. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are major causes of bloodstream infection and diarrheal di- sease in East Africa. Sources of human infection, including the role of the meat pathway, are poorly understood. Methods. We collected cattle, goat, and poultry meat pathway samples from December 2015 through August 2017 in Tanzania and isolated Salmonella using standard methods. Meat pathway isolates were compared with nontyphoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica (NTS) isolated from persons with bloodstream infections and diarrheal disease from 2007 through 2017 from Kenya by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). Isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and diversity. Results. We isolated NTS from 164 meat pathway samples. Of 172 human NTS isolates, 90 (52.3%) from stool and 82 (47.7%) from blood, 53 (30.8%) were Salmonella Enteritidis sequence type (ST) 11 and 62 (36.0%) were Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. We identified cgMLST clusters within Salmonella Enteritidis ST11, Salmonella Heidelberg ST15, Salmonella Typhimurium ST19, and Salmonella II 42:r:- ST1208 that included both human and meat pathway isolates. Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 was isolated exclusively from human samples. Human and poultry isolates bore more antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes and were less diverse than isolates from other sources. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the meat pathway may be an important source of human infection with some clades of Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 in East Africa, but not of human infection by Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. Research is needed to systematically examine the contributions of other types of meat, animal products, produce, water, and the environment to nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in East Africa.
dc.description.sponsorshipUK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the UK Department for International Development, the UK Economic and Social Research Council, the UK Medical Research Council, the UK Natural Environment Research Council, and the UK Defense Science and Technology Laboratory through the Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems programme (grant numbers BB/L017679/1 and BB/N503563/1).
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/20.500.14820/7463
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherOxford University Press
dc.relation.ispartofseriescid 2021:73 (1 October)
dc.subjectEastern Africa
dc.subjectBacteremia
dc.subjectDiarrhea
dc.subjectFood
dc.subjectSalmonella
dc.titleInvestigating the meat pathway as a source of human nontyphoidal salmonella bloodstream infections and diarrhea in East Africa
dc.typeArticle

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