Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of campylobacter coli isolated from broilers and layers in Mwanza and Arusha, Tanzania
| dc.contributor.author | Nshama, Rosemary P | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-04-20T07:55:32Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-04-20T07:55:32Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description | Dissertation | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Campylobacteriosis is an emerging zoonotic disease which poses threat to both human health and animal productivity. Recent emergence of Campylobacter resistance to antimicrobial agents that are commonly used and recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for treating human gastroenteritis has been reported from different countries worldwide. Globally, chickens are one of the major sources of animal proteins and are the primary reservoirs of Campylobacter spp. Antimicrobials are being added to chicken feeds in low doses in order to accelerate their growth that can lead to development of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter strains within chicken gut. When chicken products are consumed, antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Campylobacter strains can be transferred to humans. In this study surveillance was conducted on antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter isolated from broiler and layer chickens from Mwanza and Arusha regions in Tanzania. Antimicrobial resistance data were generated in a cross- sectional study which was carried out using a total of 402 cloaca swabs collected from apparently health broilers (202) and layers (200) in Arusha and Mwanza regions. Collected samples were enriched into Bolton broth supplemented with 5% laked horse blood. Enriched samples were cultured onto blood agar by filtration method using a 0.45μm nitrocellulose membrane. Screening of colonies was based on colony characteristics and Gram staining. Presumptive Campylobacter colonies were then sub- cultured onto Muller Hinton (MH) agar supplemented with 5% laked horse blood for purification of isolates. DNA was extracted from isolated colonies by boiling method while Multiplex PCR was used for genus and species confirmation with specific primers. All isolates were subjected to susceptibility test by disc diffusion method against six antimicrobials including ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, gentamycin, ampicillin and erythromycin. Antimicrobial susceptibility results were interpreted as Susceptible (S), Intermediate (I) or resistant (R) using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) cut-off values, and isolates that were resistant to three or more of antimicrobial classes were considered to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Out of 402 samples and from Mwanza and Arusha 31(7.71%) were positive for Campylobacter isolates in layers (13/200) and broilers18/202). All 31 bacterial isolates were confirmed to be C. coli spp. In Mwanza, the overall prevalence of C. coli was 6.5% (13/200), and by chicken type the values were 6% (6/100) and 7% (7/100) for broilers and layers, respectively. In Arusha, the overall prevalence of C. coli was 8.9% (18/202), and prevalence values by chicken breed were 10.8% (11/102) and 7% (7/100) for broilers and layers respectively. Antimicrobial results indicated that 6.5% (2/31) of all isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials used in the study. The highest proportion of antimicrobial resistance was observed for ampicillin (80.6%), followed by nalidixic acid (16.1%), and tetracycline (9.7%). The lowest resistance was observed for gentamycin (3.2%). Four out of thirty-one (12.9%) isolates were MDR to four different antimicrobials tested each with different patterns. Campylobacter coli was the only specie isolated from cloaca swabs of chicken with the overall prevalence of 7.71%. The isolates were resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent with ciprofloxacin showing a significant difference (p-value=0.049%) in AMR prevalence among chicken types which was higher in broilers than in layers and four of the isolates were MDR with different resistance patterns. Results from this study show that emerging foodborne MDR is a threat to human and surveillance is required to establish supportive data that will be used in formulation of country regulations and policy regarding the use of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Haydom Lutheran Hospital | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/5208 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Sokoine university of agriculture | en_US |
| dc.subject | Antimicrobial | en_US |
| dc.subject | Susceptibility | en_US |
| dc.subject | Campylobacter coli | en_US |
| dc.subject | Broilers | en_US |
| dc.subject | Mwanza | en_US |
| dc.subject | Arusha | en_US |
| dc.subject | Tanzania | en_US |
| dc.title | Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of campylobacter coli isolated from broilers and layers in Mwanza and Arusha, Tanzania | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |