Drivers of pigeon pea consumption among school-aged children in Central Tanzania
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Date
2022-01-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Abstract
Background: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and iron deficiencies (ID) are of major
public health concern in Tanzania including among school-aged children. PEM and
ID in early childhood have serious, long-term consequences because they impede
motor, sensory, social and emotional development, growth retardation, poor cognitive
development, learning disability of children, lowered resistance to infectious diseases,
and reduced physical work capacity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the
drivers of pigeon pea consumption among school-aged children in Dodoma district,
Central Tanzania. Understanding these drivers would be useful in promoting pigeon pea
consumption among school-aged children as one of the strategies to increase dietary
protein and iron intake.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study in which data were collected
using a questionnaire based on a combination of the Theory of Planned Behavior
and Health Belief Model. The data were collected from caregivers (n = 138) in four
villages in Kongwa district, Dodoma region, Central Tanzania. We used correlations and
multiple regressions to assess associations between constructs and identify predictive
constructs. Mann–Whitney U tests were used for score comparisons with a significant
p-value set at <0.10.
Results: Health value was significantly correlated with health behavior identity (r s =
0.63, p < 0.001) and also significantly predicted health behavior identity (r s = 0.49, p
= 0.001). The constructs cues to action and control belief were significantly associated
with intention (β = −0.41, p = 0.059 and β = 0.06, p = 0.019 respectively). Finally, we
observed that intention was a significant predictor of behavior (β = 1.38, p = 0.001). We
also observed a significant negative interaction between perceived barriers and intention
to consume pigeon pea (β = −0.04, p = 0.006), indicating that perceived barriers limit
intention to consume pigeon pea.
Conclusion and Implication: Our findings indicate that when the caregiver places
increased importance on preventing her school-aged child from being iron or protein deficient or indeed anemic (health value), it results in a positive evaluation of the
effectiveness of giving pigeon pea to address these nutrient deficiencies. Programs
and efforts aimed at promoting pigeon pea consumption should focus on educating
caregivers on iron and protein deficiency and the role that pigeon pea could play in
addressing these. However, perceived barriers such as pest infestation during storage
need to be addressed to increase pigeon pea consumption. The involvement of
post-harvest management specialists is therefore crucial. Along with this, increasing
productivity and crop management is also crucial to ensure year-round affordable supply
of pigeon pea.
Description
RESEARCH PAPER
Keywords
pigeon pea, iron deficiency, Tanzania, school aged children, drivers of food choice