Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles derived from Synadenium glaucescens exhibit significant ecotoxicological impact in waste stabilization ponds
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Date
2024-08
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Springer
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the production of silver bionanoparticles due to their widespread
commercialization and technological applications. However, there is limited understanding of the impact of silver bionano-
particles on biological agents commonly used in wastewater treatment, particularly in waste stabilization ponds (WSPs). This
study aimed to synthesize new silver nanoparticles (sg-AgNPs) from Synadenium glaucescens root using an environmen-
tally friendly method and optimized biosynthesis parameters, and evaluate their antimicrobial activity and ecotoxicological
impact on WSPs using standardized approaches. The average primary sizes of the sg-AgNPs in the five samples were not
significantly different (P > 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the eco-friendly method and the importance of optimal
biosynthesis conditions. Analysis from UV–Vis spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron
microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that sg-AgNPs exhibited typical characteristics of green silver
nanoparticles. Furthermore, sg-AgNPs showed strong antimicrobial activity (MIC, 0.012–0.094 mg/ml) against gram-positive
bacteria (Escherichia coli), gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), non-filamentous fungi (Candida albicans) and
filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger). While the Synadenium glaucescens root proved to be a valuable precursor for produc-
ing effective antimicrobial sg-AgNPs, the introduction of sg-AgNPs into WSPs significantly impacted algal chlorophyll-a
production and survival of ostracod population. These results shed light on the ecotoxicological risks of sg-AgNPs for WSPs
organisms and highlight the suitability of algae and ostracods as model organisms for ecotoxicological studies in WSPs.
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Journal Article
Keywords
Silver bionanoparticles, Antimicrobial efficacy, Ecological risks, Waste stabilization ponds, Wastewater