Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://10.10.97.169:4000/handle/123456789/41

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Browsing Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection by Subject "Adults"

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    A Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated lifestyle patterns among adults in Ilala City and Mkuranga District, Tanzania
    (Science Publishing Group., 2025) Fransisco Chrispin Clavery; Kinabo, Renatha Pacific
    Introduction: Overweight and obesity are significant global public health challenges associated with adverse burdens on the quality of life and mortality due to their association with non-communicable diseases. Early identification and control of these conditions are vital to mitigating their impact. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 respondents in Ilala City (urban) and Mkuranga district (rural) to assess the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among adults. Data were collected on lifestyle, nutrition and demographic characteristics, and anthropometric measurements of height, weight, fat mass%, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26% and 18.9% respectively. In Ilala City, 61.1% of respondents was either overweight (32.2% or obese (28.7%), and in Mkuranga district, the prevalence of overweight was 19.2% and that of obesity was 8.3%. Key factors negatively associated with overweight and obesity included rural residence (AOR = 0.25; 95%CI (0.14 – 0.47); P = 0.000), income (AOR = 0.2; 95%CI (0.1 – 0.5); P = 0.001), Vigorous physical activities (COR = 0.5; 95%CI (0.3 – 0.7); P =0.002), and consumption of pulses (legumes, nuts and oil seeds) (AOR = 0.1:95%CI (0.01 – 0.2); P = 0.026), and positively associated with sex (AOR = 3.65; 95%CI (2.1 – 6.3); P = 0.000), where by female respondents were more overweight or obese than males, low education (AOR = 7.6; 95%CI (1.2 – 48.5); P = 0.03) in which primary school education were at higher risk of being overweight or obese, and spending less than 75 minutes per week for vigorous physical activities (COR = 2.6; 95%CI (1.7 – 4.12); P = 0.000) were by respondents with sedentary lifestyle are at higher risk of being overweight or obese. Conclusion: The findings suggest that urbanization, sex, education level, physical activity, and dietary habits are significant predictors of overweight and obesity. This serves as a bench mark for planning further studies aiming at reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adult population through well -designed interventions.
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    Determinants of dietary quality among adults in selected rural and urban areas of Tanzania: the role of general self-efficacy and food literacy: a cross-sectional study
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2026) Kariathi, Victoria; Mbwana, Hadijah; Rybak, Constance; Msollo, Safiness Simon
    Improving dietary quality is challenging due to conflicting nutritional information and the availability of unhealthy food options, particularly in urban areas. Sociocognitive factors that enhance personal competence and confidence are essential for making informed food choices in this situation. This study employed the social cognitive theory (SCT) to investigate general self-efficacy (GSE) and food literacy as sociocognitive factors influencing adult dietary quality in rural (Mkuranga) and urban (Ilala) Tanzania. Data was collected through a cross-sectional study of 694 adults using structured questionnaires and validated instruments to gather information on GSE, food literacy, and dietary intake through interviews. Six dietary quality indicators were assessed: consumption across all five recommended food groups, dietary diversity scores (DDS), Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W), noncommunicable disease (NCD)-risk score, NCD-protect score, and Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score. A regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between GSE and food literacy, categorized into three levels (limited, sufficient, and excellent), and dietary quality indicators. Participants’ mean age was 38, with the majority falling between 30 and 39 years; 67% were female, 72% lived in urban ares, and 55% completed primary education. GSE scores were significantly higher among urban and male participants, while rural participants demonstrated significantly lower food literacy scores. Urban participants showed significantly higher DDS, MDD-W, and NCD-risk scores. Individuals’ sufficient food literacy level showed a statistically significant positive association with DDS (β = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14–0.64), NCD-protect score (β = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.15–0.66), and GDR score (β = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.02–0.63), as well as the likelihood of consuming all five recommended food groups and meeting MDD-W. Having excellent food literacy was significantly associated with higher DDS and a greater likelihood of meeting MDD-W. GSE was also significantly positively associated with DDS (β = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01–0.04). Urban residency was negatively associated with the GDR score and positively associated with the NCD-Risk score. Incorporating GSE, and food literacy aspects in nutrition education programs may improve dietary quality.
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    Knowledge and perceptions on overweight and obesity among adults in Same district, Tanzania
    (East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2023-09-14) Massawe, E. S.; Msollo, S. S.
    Overweight and obesity are nutritional problems requiring great attention in both developed and developing countries where nutrition knowledge is confined to few people allied with health sectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge and perception about overweight and obesity among 362 adults aged 25-55 years in Same District, Kilimanjaro Region. This age group comprises active people at higher risk of non-communicable diseases, and much of the effects may not be due to aging. A structured questionnaire was administered through a face-to-face interview to obtain demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge and perception about overweight and obesity. Standard WHO Anthropometric procedure of weight and height measurement was used to obtain Body Mass Index (BMI) which was categorized as normal (18.5-24.9kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9kg/m2) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2). A high prevalence of overweight (23%) and obesity (17%) was observed among adults. Women were more overweight (28%) and obese (23%) as compared to men (14%) and (6%) respectively. About 80% perceived their body weight as being normal but in reality, only 51% were confirmed to be normal. Also, 22% of overweight respondents perceived their body weight as normal and 10.5% of obese people perceived their BMI as being overweight. Nevertheless, 60% perceived an obese person as healthy and rich and 26% perceived a thin person as poor and unhealthy because they associated thinness with illness such as HIV/AIDS. Obesity was significantly related to income, sex, parity of the mother, education levels, perception and employment status at P<0.005. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity, lack of nutrition knowledge and poor perception about body weight may increase the risks of developing non- communicable diseases. Hence, these findings will assist health-related stakeholders to design appropriate interventions to reduce the problems.
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    Overweight and obesity among adults in Same District, Tanzania
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2016) Msollo, S. S.; Chivaghula, T. J.; Muhimbula, H. S.; Kinabo, J.; Krawinkel, M.
    Overweight and obesity are malnutrition which needs great attention due to their health consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 adults aged 25-55 years in 2012 to examine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and risk factors through; assessing nutritional status, dietary intake and physical activities in lowland and highland areas of Same District, Kilimanjaro Region. Demographic, dietary intake and physical activity were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were determined using standard WHO procedures. Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 16, excels and NutriSurvey 2007 program. The prevalence of overweight was 23% and obesity 17%. Women were more than 4 times likely to be overweight and obese compared to men (OR 5.53, 95% CI: 3.11 – 9.82). Lowland had high prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to highland areas (OR 2.034, 95% CI: 1.138-2.952). About 33% of lowland subjects had excess energy intake compared to 23% of highland (p=0.050). Positive energy balance was significantly associated with overweight and obesity (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.66 – 1.91). The mean Physical Activity Level for highland was 2.2 compared to 1.87 of lowland areas (p<0.05). Overweight and obesity was significantly related to income, sex, residence, education, farming technology, carrying produce, occupation, employment, energy balance and age (P<0.005). The high prevalence of overweight and obesity especially in lowland may be due to physical activities and energy intake which are controllable. These findings will assist health stakeholders to allow design of appropriate interventions to reduce the problems.
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    Overweight and obesity among adults in Same District, Tanzania
    (AJOL, 2016) Msollo, S. S.; Chivaghula T. J.; Muhimbula H. S.; Krawinkel M.; Kinabo J.
    Overweight and obesity are malnutrition which needs great attention due to their health consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 362 adults aged 25-55 years in 2012 to examine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and risk factors through; assessing nutritional status, dietary intake and physical activities in lowland and highland areas of Same District, Kilimanjaro Region. Demographic, dietary intake and physical activity were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were determined using standard WHO procedures. Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 16, excels and NutriSurvey 2007 program. The prevalence of overweight was 23% and obesity 17%. Women were more than 4 times likely to be overweight and obese compared to men (OR 5.53, 95% CI: 3.11 – 9.82). Lowland had high prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to highland areas (OR 2.034, 95% CI: 1.138-2.952). About 33% of lowland subjects had excess energy intake compared to 23% of highland (p=0.050). Positive energy balance was significantly associated with overweight and obesity (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.66 – 1.91). The mean Physical Activity Level for highland was 2.2 compared to 1.87 of lowland areas (p<0.05). Overweight and obesity was significantly related to income, sex, residence, education, farming technology, carrying produce, occupation, employment, energy balance and age (P<0.005). The high prevalence of overweight and obesity especially in lowland may be due to physical activities and energy intake which are controllable. These findings will assist health stakeholders to allow design of appropriate interventions to reduce the problems