Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection
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Browsing Articles, Conference and Workshop Papers Collection by Subject "Antibacterial activity"
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Item Antibacterial effects of single and combined crude extracts of synadenium glaucescens and commiphora swynnertonii(2022) Ochollah, G, Mary; Olsen, E, John; Mdegela, H, Robinson; Kusiluka, J.M, Lughano; Mabiki, P, Faith; Msengwa, S, ZaituniBackground: Synadenium glaucescens and Commiphora swynnertonii are among the reported plants used traditionally for treatment of bacterial infections. This study reports antibacterial effects of single and combined extracts from leaves, stem and root barks of Commiphora swynnertonii and Synadenium glaucescens. Materials and Methods: Plants were collected from Manyara and Njombe regions in Tanzania. Extraction was done using dichloromethane and methanol. The extracts were assessed for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution, while Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) indices were calculated from MIC values of combined extracts to determine combination effects. Results: Strong antibacterial activities were demonstrated by all extracts of S. glaucescens (MIC 0.011-0.375mg/mL) against Gram-positive bacteria and methanol extracts of C. swynnertonii (MIC 0.047-0.375mg/mL). Synergistic effect was observed when combining methanol extracts of C. swynnertonii stem bark with S. glaucescens leaves against S. aureus (∑FIC 0.5), Other synergistic effects were observed against E. faecalis with dichloromethane extracts of C. swynnertonii stem bark and S. glaucescens stem bark (∑FIC 0.5), and C. swynnertonii root bark and S. glaucescens root bark (FIC index 0.3). For the remaining combinations, mainly additive effects were observed. Conclusion: Synergistic effects on bacteria were observed by combining different plant parts of S. glaucescens and C. swynnertonii suggesting that it could be beneficial to combine such extracts when used for antibacterial purposes.Item In-vitro assessment of antibacterial effects of combined crude extracts of s. glaucescens and c. swynnertonii with antibiotics(Academic Journals, 2023) Ochollah, Mary George; Mabiki, Faith Philemon; Kusiluka, Lughano Jeremy Moses; Mdegela, Robinson Hammerthon; Olsen, John ElmerdahlCurrently, there is an upsurge of bacterial resistance in single-drug treatment regimens. This has stimulated a growing interest in research and development of new antibacterial agents containing several ingredients as one of the means to combat bacterial resistance. Herb-antibiotic combination therapy is one of the reported effective treatment regimens to combat antimicrobial resistance. This study was aimed to assess antibacterial effects of combined crude extracts of Synadenium glaucescens and Commiphora swynnertonii with antibiotics. In this study, three standard antibiotic drugs namely, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and erythromycin in combination with crude extracts from S. glaucescens and C. swynnertonii were screened for antibacterial effects against two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and three Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Broth microdilution technique was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) while Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) indices were calculated from MIC values of combined extracts to determine the combination effects. Synergism was observed when ciprofloxacin was combined with all tested crude extracts against E. coli (ΣFIC of 0.02), combination of ciprofloxacin with extract from root barks of C. swynnertonii (ΣFIC of 0.5) against S. aureus, root barks of Synadenium glaucescens (ΣFIC of 0.1) against S. aureus and combination of ampicillin with all tested crude extracts (ΣFIC of 0.03-0.1) against E. faecalis. Moreover, antagonism was observed between the combinations of ampicillin and erythromycin with all tested crude extracts against Gram-negative bacteria (ΣFIC of 4-8). Therefore, the combinations which demonstrated synergism may be promising alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis. However, in the future, toxicity studies for combinations which demonstrated synergism are recommended.