Articles, Conferences and Workshop Papers Collection
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Item The effect of some organic acids on phosphorus solubility in soils(Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent, 1985) Msaky, J. J. T.; Msanya, B. M.The study on the solubility of phosphorus in three soil types of California (ranging frm ac id to calcareous soils) by three organic ligands (fumarate, oxalate and citrate) showed that important quantities are solubilized by these acids. Oxalic acid prove d to be more effective in solubilizing P than citric and f'umar ic acids for Hugo and Calera soils. However, for Linne soil citrate proved superior over the other two ligands. For all the soils, an increase in the concentration of organic ligand resulted in an increase in solubilized Phosphorus. Such an increase was more pronounc ed for calcareous soil (Linne) than was the case for the other non-calcareous soils.Item Inter-relationships among important soil properties based on data of some typic paleudults(Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent, 1985) Lopulisa, C. F.; Msanya, B. M.A study of inter-relationships among important soil characterization physico-chemical data was made. These data were extracted from thirty soil profile descriptions representing soils developed on different parent materials and classified as Typic Paleudults according to the USDA Soil Taxonomy (1975). Correlation studies indicate that most of these parameters are highly correlated.Item Clay mineralogical composition and its influence on some physico-chemical properties of selected soils of Coast region, Tanzania(1995) Mgata, E. S.; Msanya, B. M.A mineralogical study was carried out in Coast Region, Tanzania, on soils developed from different parent materials. These materials are; unconsolidated sands and gravels of Neogene age, Grey-green marls of Cretaceous age, Calcareous silt stone and sandstone of Jurassic age and migmatitic gneisses of Precambrian age (Usagaran system). The soil clay fractions exhibit pertinent differences in mineralogical composition. Soils developed from migmatitic gneisses are predominantly kaolinitic with accessory amount of goethite. Kaolinite in these soils is pedogenic and is formed from feldspars and mica. Soils formed from calcareous siltstone and sandstone have mixed clay mineralogy including smectite, vermiculite and illite. Both smectite and vermiculite in these soils are pedogenic and are formed from mica, while illite is inherited from the parent materials. Soils developed from the grey-green marls are dominated by smectite and have some accessory amounts of kaolinite and illite; while those developed from tertiary sediments are characterized by mixed clay mineralogy including smectite, kaolinite and traces of gibbsite. The pedogenic environment suggests that both kaolinite and smectite in these soils are not formed insitu but are inherited from transported parent materials. The clay mineralogy is clearly reflected on the cation exchange capacity, moisture retention characteristics and carrying capacity (n value) of these soilsItem Pedon characteristics and their implications for land management in two villages of Mbinga district,Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1998) Msanya, B. M.; Kimaro, D. N.; Araki, S.A land resources study was carried out in Lupilo and Tukuzi villages in Mbinga District. Two pedons representing the villages were selected for the study to obtain data that are important for land management. Standard soil and land resources survey procedures were employed. The results show that the soils are very deep, well drained, red and dark reddish brown sandy clays to clays and classify as Haplic Acrisol (Isohyperthermic, very deep, kaolinitic, Typic Rhodustuli) at Lupilo and Ferric Acrisol (lsohyperthermic, very deep. kaolinitic, Ustic Haplohumult) at Tukuzi. The structure is generally poor for the two pedons. Bulk density values are low throughout Tukuzipedon. Both pedons have medium available water capacity and generally low soil fertility. The clay mineralogical composition is dominantly kaolinitic with accessory amounts of sesquioxides. These characteristics are associated with poor soil conditions. The study shows that the two pedons represent fragile ecosystems that require careful management. Due to poor chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics, the study recommends areas offurther research. The commonly used tie-ridge (Ngolo) cultivation system should be studied further to find out its contribution to soil fertility, The use of rock phosphate as a P-fertilizer and as a possible liming material should be further investigated.Item Pedological Characterization, Clay Mineralogy and Classification of Some Soils of Mikese Area, Morogoro District, Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1999) Msanya, B. M.; Kimaro, D. N.; Kimbi, G. G.A study was carried out in Mikese Ward, Morogoro District, with the objective to make an inventory of the soils of the area, to determine their physico-chemical and mineralogical properties and to classify them. Eight soil profiles were identified and form three major groups of soils namely, very deep, well drained, dark reddish brown to dark brown, sandy clay loams and san:ly clays on the steep convex slopes; very deep, well drained, dark brown to dark red, sandy clay Loams and sandy clays on the linear slopes; and very deep, well and imperfectly drained sandy loams to sandy clay loams and sandy clays in the valley bottoms. The soils of the convex and linear sLopes classified as Isohyperthermic, deep, mixed, Kanhaplic Haplustalfs and Isohyperthermic, deep, mixed Oxic Ustropepts representing a relatively advanced pedogenic development as indicated by high contents of Fe, Al and Ti and relatively low SUAI ratios. The soils of the valley bottoms classified as Isohyperthermic, deep, mixed, Typic Argiustolls, Isohyperthermic, deep, mixed, Typic Tropaquepts and Isohypenhermic, deep, mixed, FLuventic Ustropepts. These soils are of Lowto intermediate pedogenic deveLopment as indicated by the relatively Lower Fe, Al and Ti contents and both high Si and SUAl ratios. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the studied soils have a mixed clay mineraLogy including kaolinite and mica. Small amounts of smectite were identified in one profile with alkaline subsoil reaction. Bulk densities of surface horizons are relatively lower than those of subsoils ranging from 1.-1to 1.6 /!fglnr in topsoils andfrom 1.4£0 1.9 Mg/m' in subsoils. Total porosity -ranged from 40 to 58% insurfacesoils Md from 28 to 32 % in subsoils. Available waterholding capacities of the soils are between 155 and 248 mm/m of soil. The soils have overall poor supply of Nand P. The basic cations Ca ++: Mg+ + and K+ are medium to high throughout the profiles. The CEC of the soils is.very low with values ranging from 6 to 13 cmoit +)/kg soil). These results - imply that continuous utilization of the soils for crop production without proper management will result into a drastic loss of soil fertility.Item The information needs of small scale dairy farmers in Tanzania(1999) Dulle, F.W.; Aina, L.O.The study was undertaken to investigate the information needs of small-scale dairy farmers and various information sources they consulted to resolve their information needs. It involved 71 small-scale dairy farmers from five villages, which were selected through a systematic random sampling from Mbozi district. Personal interviews were used to gather data from small-scale dairy farmers. Small scale dairy farmers were found to be in need of information on livestock feeds availability and feeding techniques (97.2%), parasite and disease control (83.1%), general animal husbandry (81.7%), heat detection and breeding techniques (43.7%) and information on milk marketing (39.4%). In resolving their information needs it was found that attending extension meetings and extension worker visits were the most dependable information sources used by the majority of farmers. The use of agricultural libraries as an information source was very uncommon to the majority of the respondents with the major reason being lack of such a service.Item The extension triad approach in disseminating agricultural information to extension workers: some experiences from the Southern Highlands Dairy Development Project, Tanzania(2000) Dulle, F.W.The agricultural extension services in developing countries have been widely criticised for their ineffectiveness. The extension triad is considered to be an alternative and promising approach in an attempt to improve the extension services in such countries. This study investigates the information- seeking pattern of extension workers and the ways in which the Southern Highlands Dairy Development Project disseminates information to such workers, as well as the extent to which it addresses some of the common problems reported to hinder the extension services in developing countries. Out of 66 copies of a semi-structured questionnaire distributed to dairy extension supervisors and field extension workers within the Project area, 49 responses (69.7% response rate) were received. The use of personal sources, attendance at professional meetings, seminars, short courses and conferences and the reading of newspapers were found to be the three main information sources consulted by the respondents, while contact with researchers and the use of agricultural libraries were very unpopular. The Project extension services proved superior in comparison to the traditional extension services. For sustainability purposes, it is recommended that the Project, in collaboration with the Government and farmer groups, launches an alternative organisation to pursue activities run by the Project before it comes to an end.Item Effective library management: issues for managers and subordinates(New Library World, 2000) Lwehabura, M.J.F; Matovelo, D.SThe importance of effective management for a successful and productive organisation is stressed. Considers library and information services managers as having a centre stage role for leading their subordinates in the process of bringing an effective management and good work output for their organisations. Stresses the importance of managers and their subordinates working together through managerial roles and sharing a strategy for an effective management process. Points out selfmanagement, understanding individual's behaviour, assertiveness, delegation, empowerment and good relationships as some aspects that could help to harness an effective management process to improve and strengthen productivity.Item Researchers' perspectives on agricultural libraries as information sources in Tanzania(2001) Lwehabura, M.J. F.; Mulimila, R. T.; Matovelo, D. S.; Dulle, F.W.This paper reports results based on a study aimed at assessing the capability of agricultural libraries in meeting researchers' information needs, finding out means used by researchers to cope with the scarcity of scientific information, and based on study findings, give some recommendations on how to improve agricultural library services in Tanzania.Item Application of information technology for research in Tanzania: feedback from agricultural researchers(2002) Mulimila, R.T.; Matovelo, D.S.; Lwehabura, M.J.F.; Dulle, F.W.This paper reports results of a study aimed at assessing agricultural researchers' access to information technology facilities. It also examines to what extent such facilities are used in facilitating researchers' access to scientific information. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey to 321 agricultural researchers selected randomly at 13 research centres throughout the country. The response rate obtained was 76.3%. Out of 244 respondents, 170 (69.7%) reported having access to internet or e-mail facilities. While 79.3% of the respondents having access to the internet reported using the facility frequently for information search, the e-mail facility was not popularly used by the respondents for information requests to sources outside respondents' institutions. CD-ROMtechnology was found not to be readily available to many respondents because of the unavailability of such facilities at their research centres and minimal use of e-mail facilities for resource sharing with other centres' CD-ROMdatabases. It is concluded that, along with a low level of information technology development in the country, the available information technology facilities have not been fully exploited to facilitate agricultural researchers' accessto information. Some measures to improve information technology infrastructure and its use for improvement of research productivity are recommended.Item From collection management to knowledge management practices: considerations for the Sokoine National Agricultural Library in Tanzania(2006) Lwoga, Edda T.; Sife, Alfred S.“collection management” to present day “knowledge management”. Developments in ICTs are mainly responsible to the shift. This paper discusses how university libraries in developing countries can transform from collection management to knowledge management practices, focusing on the Sokoine National Agricultural Library in Tanzania. Challenges for implementing KM practices in the universities are also discussed. Recommendations are also made on how libraries including SNAL can implement KM practices, and move beyond the inherent collection management practices.Item The Use of information and communication technologies for improved rural agricultural productivity in Tanzania: challenges and opportunities(Institute of Continuing Education, 2008-12) Chailla, A. M.; Malekani, A.Many constraints that hamper the performance of agriculture in Tanzania are aggravated by poor agricultural information services, a situation which should no longer be on development agenda because, the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can improve availability, access, use and sharing of agricultural information among rural communities for increased agricultural productivity and food security. However, given its potentials and applications in all economic sectors, the role of ICTs has not yet been given due attention in agricultural sector in Tanzania. The country has not done much to integrate ICTs into strategies and policies for increasing agricultural performance. Agricultural research findings available in libraries and research institutions are in inappropriate formats, languages and technical levels for adoption by both extension workers and farmers while such findings could have been repackaged using appropriate ICTs and disseminated to users for use. Thus, this paper highlights possible opportunities, potentials and challenges of investment and promotion of ICTs in rural agriculture for productive extension services, increased, sustainable agriculture, food security and poverty reduction. The paper calls to undertake a project that aims at investigating and taking interventions to enhance the use of ICTs in sharing agricultural information in rural communities in Tanzania to complement extension services, which have so far been inadequate to meet the diversified information needs of farmers. In conclusion, the paper calls for a closer collaboration among researchers, extension personnel and information personnel through capacity building to increase the level of awareness of rural communities to seek, access and share agricultural information through use of ICTs.Item Analyzing the usage patterns and challenges of telecenters among rura communities: experience from four selected telecenters in Tanzania(IJEDICT, 2009) Mtega, W. P.; Malekani, A. W.The objective of this study was to examine use patterns, challenges and way forward for effective beneficial use oftelecenters in Tanzania. The study covered the following four telecenters, namely Kilosa, Mpwapwa, Kasulu and FADECO ( Family Alliance for Development and Co-operation) telecenters. It was found that the studied telecenters in Tanzania are still at infancy and most do not offer adequate information to communities living in rural areas. Most are still faced with a number of challenges that make it difficult to meet people's expectations. It was concluded that so as to meet their objectives, telecenters should provide information relevant to people's needs, different formats should be used to present information as people have different information searching skills. Moreover; telecenter catchment area is an important factor in building an information rich society.Item Results on testing improved traditional technique to reduce farmers-monkeys conflict associated with crop-raiding in Uluguru mountains, Tanzania(Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, SUA, 2009-06) Nyinondi, P. S.; Lutatenekwa, D. L.This paper presents the preliminary results on initial intervention to harmonize farmers-monkeys conflict by developing monkeys’ management technique on the farm-forest interfaces. In-situ monkeys’ control experiment was developed, whereby dogs were trained and used to guard 20 Experimental Pilot Farms (EPF). Furthermore, other 20 Experimental Control Farms (ECF) were selected and farmers were advised to continue using the tradition techniques. The EPF and ECF farms have relatively similar characteristics in term of location from the forests, vegetation cover, farming systems and crops grown. Farmers were responsible for recording the incidence of crop raiding. The preliminary results shows that dogs reduced monkeys crop raiding incidences from 33.3% in ECF to 12.8% in EPF. The statistical results in ECF were relatively low compared to farmers’ perceived crop raiding incidences of 37.8% and estimated crop damage up to 41.1%. The weather conditions and crop seasons seem not to be associated with monkeys’ crop raiding behaviour in Uluguru Mountains. Therefore, the preliminary results suggest that the use of trained dogs in farms is cheap and can save up to 61.5 % of the current crop losses.Item The adoption of open access scholarly communication in Tanzanian public universities: some influencing factors(2011) Dulle, F. W.; Minishi-Majanja, M. K.; Cloete, L. M.Open access is a means for free availability of scholarly content via the internet. It is an emerging opportunity for wider and unlimited access to scholarly literature. Scholarly communication, through open access journals and self-arching, are the two main approaches of open access publishing. However, this mode of scholarly communication is not widely utilised in developing countries such as Tanzania. This article discusses the factors that influence the adoption of open access for scholarly communication in Tanzanian public universities, based on a study conducted in 2008 using a survey questionnaire. A sample of 544 researchers, selected through stratified random sampling from a population of 1 088 researchers and 69 policymakers at six public universities in Tanzania, provided their views. It was evident from the findings that researchers’ internet usage skills and self-efficacy, social influence, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and the respondents’ general perceptions about open access were the positive factors likely to facilitate open access adoption. The current poor research conditions and researchers’ low internet self-efficacy (such as inadequate information search skills) were cited as the main hindrances for researchers to use open access outlets to access scholarly content It is therefore recommended that university policies on scholarly communication should be revised to incorporate the use of open access publishing. Furthermore, universities should accelerate the establishment of institutional repositories, advocacy campaigns and training directed at researchers, policymakers, readers and information managers of scholarly content, and the improvement of internet speed through subscription to more bandwidth, so as to meet the demand from the scholarly community.Item Acceptance and usage of open access scholarly Communication by Postgraduate students at the Sokoine university of agriculture and the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania(2011) Dulle, F.W.Thisstudy assessed the awareness and usage of OpenAccess (OA)for scholarly communication by postgraduate students at the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). A semistructured self-administered questionnaire survey was undertaken using a convenience sample of 230 postgraduate students of whom 128 (55.6%) participated in the study. The open access concept was familiar to 58.6% of the respondents; however, although 60.9% of them acknowledged having accessed OA content, only10.9% of them had disseminated research findings through ~A. The respondents' perceptionstoward OA were generally positive. Lowawareness of the OA concept, inadequate onlinescholarly communication skills, and the slowInternet connectivity 'H'erepossible factors affecting the exploitation of OA in the study area. The review and formalisation of the existing postgraduate information literacy training modules at the two universities is recommended in order to improve the adoption of OA and exploitation of the online resources in general.Item Information Repackaging for the Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking in Nigeria(University of Nigeria, 2011) Ezema, I, JAfrican population is again suffering serious depletion through human trafficking with women and children as the most vulnerable groups. This social problem tagged modern day slavery is a set back to the socio-economic development of African countries. Nigeria has been identified as a transit and destination of human trafficking. Different anti-human trafficking organisations are trying to combat this organized crime through several strategies. This paper is proposing information repackaging for rural dwellers where majority of the victims are recruited as a potent method of combating this social problem. Transforming printed information into oral form, use of community information centers, community based organisations (CBOs), radio jingles, television programmes, focal group discussions among others are various repackaging techniques this paper has recommended.Item Application of information and communication technologies for documentation and dissemination of scholarly output among inter university council for East Africa member institutions(Unisa Press, 2013) Kaane, S.; Nyamboga, C.; Dulle, F. W.African and other developing countries face problems of making their scholarly output widely visible and accessible. This is partly attributed to the fact that most scholarly output from this part of the world is documented in low circulating journals and grey literature in print format. Information and communication technologies (lCTs) have been acknowledged to have the potential to reduce that problem. A study was conducted to examine the extent of lCT application by Inter University Council for East Africa (IUCEA) member institutions in documenting and disseminating scholarly output. The research involved 28 (10 private and 18 public) institutions selected from among 67 IUCEA member institutions from Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda during the 200912010 academic year.A combination of approaches including face-to-face interviews, self-administered questionnaires, and analysis of institutional web-sites were used for data gathering. Sixty-one respondents (14 deputy vice chancellors/vice rectors, 22 directors of research and 24 directorslheads of institutional libraries) participated in the study. Content analysis was adopted for analysing data from open ended questions whereas data from structured questions was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) VI6 software. It was established that most institutions in the region were still documenting and disseminating their scholarly output using conventional methods with little exploitation of ICTs. The study recommends the need for the IUCEA and its member institutions to spearhead effective exploitation of ICT developments to facilitate the documentation and dissemination of scholarly output among researchers in the East Africa region and beyondItem User-perceived quality of Selected Tanzanian public university websites(Library Philosophy and Practice, 2013) Sife, A.S; Msoffe, G.E.P.A study was conducted to assess the quality of websites of five selected public universities in Tanzania. The main purpose of the study was to understand the quality of university websites from users’ perspectives. This study employed a 22-item instrument measuring four dimensions of web quality namely technical adequacy, information quality, service ability and web appearance. Data were collected through email survey and they were analyzed using SPSS and Ms Excel. The study findings show that, of the five university websites evaluated, the SUA website ranked the highest followed by that of UDSM. The websites of SUZA, OUT and MU were ranked in the third to fifth positions respectively. Service ability is a construct that was highly supported in the five websites evaluated whereas web appearance is the construct that required improvements in all five websites. It is recommended that improvements should be done in some of the quality dimensions such as appearance in order to ensure that these websites deliver information to intended audience. Regular updating of websites is also essential to make them effective and meet the changing needs of users.Item Application of information and communication technologies for documentation and dissemination of scholarly output among inter university council for East Africa member institutions(2013) Dulle, F.W.; Kaane, S; Nyamboga, CAfrican and other developing countries face problems of making their scholarly output widely visible and accessible. This is partly attributed to the fact that most scholarly output from this part of the world is documented in low circulating journals and grey literature in print format. Information and communication technologies (lCTs) have been acknowledged to have the potential to reduce that problem. A study was conducted to examine the extent of lCT application by Inter University Council for East Africa (IUCEA) member institutions in documenting and disseminating scholarly output. The research involved 28 (10 private and 18 public) institutions selected from among 67 IUCEA member institutions from Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Ugandaduring the 200912010 academic year.A combination of approaches including face-to-face interviews, self-administered questionnaires, and analysis of institutional web-sites were used for data gathering. Sixty-one respondents (14 deputy vice chancellors/vice rectors, 22 directors of research and 24 directorslheads of institutional libraries) participated in the study. Content analysis was adopted for analysing data from open ended questions whereas data from structured questions was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) VI6 software. It was established that most institutions in the region were still documenting and disseminating their scholarly output using conventional methods with little exploitation of ICTs. The study recommends the need for the IUCEA and its member institutions to spearhead effective exploitation of ICT developments to facilitate the documentation and dissemination of scholarly output among researchers in the East Africa region and beyond.