Browsing by Author "Msogoya, T. J."

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Altered fruit eating quality in tissue culture derived off-type banana (Musa spp.)
(Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2011) Msogoya, T. J.; Grout, B. W. W.
Objective: Somaclonal variation with desirable agronomic performance has extensively been reported but studies on eating qualities of such off-type banana are limited. This study was conducted to determine eating qualities of an in vitro derived off-type banana (Musa AAA East Africa) cv. ‘Uganda’ with tolerance to black sigatoka disease and a high yielder. Methodology and Results: Uncooked and cooked mature green fruits of the off-type banana were compared with those of the popular cooking banana cv. ‘Mshale’ (AA Pisane Lilin) and cv. ‘Uganda’ based on laboratory analysis and taste interviews. Similarly, ripe fruits of the off-type banana were compared with those of the popular dessert banana cv. ‘Mtwike’ (AAA Cavendish cv. Grande naine) and cv. ‘Kisukari’ (AAB/AB Silk) based on laboratory analysis and taste interviews. Results showed that the uncooked green mature fruits of the off-type banana had higher (P < 0.05) calorific value but its cooked meal was the least (P < 0.05) accepted by the taste panelists on grounds that it was hard, less sweet and less aromatic. On the other hand, ripe fruits of the off-type banana were the sweetest with the most attractive peel colour but yet the least accepted by the taste panelists for their sweetness had a fast satiating effect. The poor acceptability of the off-type banana for both cooked and ripe fruit consumption was due to differential proportions of soluble solids caused by altered fruit ripening. Conclusion and application: The undesirable quality of the off-type banana limits not only its adoption by farmers but also the use of somaclonal variation as a source of genetic improvement of banana cv. ‘Uganda’. However, as a consequence of increased sweetness, the off-type banana fruits have the potential for use as sweetener in diet drinks, ice creams, chewing gums and cough syrups.
Altered response to biotic and abiotic stress in tissue culture-induced off-type plants of East African Highland Banana (Musa AAA East Africa)
(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008) Msogoya, T. J.; Grout, B. W.
This study was conducted to investigate black sigatoka disease and drought stress responses of off• type plants derived from shoot-tip micropropagation of East African highland banana (Musa AAA East Africa) landrace Uganda. Results showed that the off-type plants were more (p<0.05) tolerant to black sigatoka disease with the infection index of 17 .5% compared to 30.1 and 22.8% of the micropropagation (Ml') derived phenotypically normal plants and Conventional Propagation (CP) derived plants with no tissue culture history in their ancestry, respectively. On the contrary, the off-type plants were more (p<0.05) vulnerable to water stress with leaf senescence of 87.7% at soil water deficit of 630 millibars. The leaf senescence of the 1v1.P and CP derived plants at the same soil moisture deficit was 79.5 and 66.7%, respectively. During this stress period each off-type plant produced one sucker, while the true-to-type plants were unable to do so. Leaf structural analysis revealed that the off-type plants had higher (p<0.05) stomatal density of 16.0 mm-2 of the upper leaf surface. Conversely, the MP and CP derived plants had each 12.3 and 11.0 stomata mm ? of the leaf upper surface. Similarly, the off-type plant leaves were more hydrophobic with higher (p<0.05) epicuticular waxiness of 684.6 μg cm ". The epicuticular wax content of the 1v1.P and CP derived plant leaves was as low as 646.2 and 647.7 μg cm ", respectively. The water stressed off-type plant leaves exhibited higher (p<0.05) membrane damage with ion leakage of 168.2 μS cm" compared to 139.7 and 136.8 μS cm" of the 1v1.P and CP derived plants. Moreover, the water stressed leaves of the off-type plants had enhanced total antioxidant activity of 5.17 M trolox equivalent per milligram proteins, whereas the total antioxidant activity of the MP and CP derived plant leaves was as low as 3. 76 and 3.67 M trolox equivalent per milligram proteins, respectively.
Assessment and management of post harvest losses of fresh mango under small-scale business in Morogoro, Tanzania
(JAPS, 2011) Msogoya, T. J.; Kimaro, E. S.
This study was conducted to assess postharvest losses and the effect of shade during wholesale market and hot water treatments on storage of mango cv. ‘Dodo’. To assess postharvest losses, mature fruits were packed on semi-rigid bamboo cartons, loaded on a truck without separators in between cartons and transported from Mkuyuni ward to Morogoro urban, Tanzania. The effect of heat stress during the wholesale market was evaluated by storing mango fruits under the sun, woven polypropylene shade and black net shade at Sokoine University of Agriculture. Mango fruits dipped in hot water at 60° C for 10 minutes were compared with untreated ones as control. Results showed that the fruit total postharvest losses were 43.8 % with the wholesale market, transport and harvest stages accounting for 30.6 %, 10.6 and 2.6 % of the total losses, respectively. The main features of fruit deterioration during the wholesale market stage were softening and microbial decay each accounting for 50.7 and 39.6 % of the total losses within the stage, respectively. Microbial decays of 7.2 % and mechanical injuries of 2.0 % were the major features of mango fruit deterioration during the transport and harvest stages. Storing fruits for three days under the woven polypropylene and black net shades significantly reduced fruit postharvest losses by 52.7 and 38 %, respectively in comparison with fruit storage under the sun. Hot water treatment reduced the incidence of microbial decay by 85 % and improved fruit total soluble solids content by 15 % in comparison to untreated fruits. However, hot water treatment reduced fruit firmness and shelflife by 56.0 and 71.4 %, respectively. In the short term, wholesale traders are advised to store fruits under the polypropylene shade while in the long term, municipal and council authorities are argued to construct cold storage facilities for fresh fruits. Furthermore, farmers are advised to disinfect mangoes with hot water, especially those purported for immediate marketing.
Assessment of the effect of pruning systems on plant developmental cycle-yield and quality of selected indeterminate tomato lines
(Acta Hort. 1007, ISHS, 2013) Mbonihankuye, C.; Kusolwa, P.; Msogoya, T. J.
Preliminary evaluations have shown that indeterminate new tomato breeding lines produce high yields of large fruits. Pruning systems have been reported to regulate tomato fruit size and overall yield performance. A study to evaluate the effect of pruning levels (non pruning, single stem, two stems and three stems) on plant developmental cycle, yield, and quality of five indeterminate tomato breeding lines and one commercial cultivar was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 at the Horticulture Unit of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Results showed that two stem pruned plants gave the highest number of marketable fruits per plant. The highest number of non marketable tomato fruits per hectare was observed in unpruned plants. Tomato lines differed in their performance, with the longest period of harvesting, highest number of flowers flowers, highest percentage of fruit-set, the highest yield, high number of marketable fruits observed in lines P20-(03) and 186-2(06), which is probably a result of their genetic characteristic. It was concluded that, the large fruit size of the new tomato breeding lines can be reduced to meet consumer’s needs without reducing yield by two and three stem pruning in lines P20-03 and S186-2(07).
Changes in acidity of plant growth media during heat sterilisation
(Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2008) Msogoya, T. J.; Maerere, A. P.; Nzogela, Y.; Kusolwa, P. M.
Tissue culture media provide ideal conditions for growth of plant cells, but also bacteria and fungi. It is therefore necessary to sterilize media to remove these microbes prior to incubation of explants. Growth media are commonly sterilised by autoclaving at 121°C and pressure of 105 kPa for 15 minutes, or longer for larger volumes (Beyl, 2000). Some components of the growth media such as gibberellins (GA3) and capanthothenate are heat-labile and would become inactive when autoclaved (Nissen & Sutter, 1990). Such heat sensitive components are sterilised by filtering through bacteria-proof membrane (0.22μm pores) and added to the sterilised medium after it has cooled down to at least 60°C. Autoclaving the growth media at 121°C and pressure of 105 kPa for 15 - 20 minutes also breaks down sucrose into D-glucose and Dfructose, resulting in alteration in the osmotic potential of the growth media. Thus, it is important to consider these changes when performing osmotic-sensitive procedures such as protoplast culture. Moreover, the simple sugars resulting from sucrose degradation apparently have inhibitory effects on in vitro regeneration of some plant tissues (Dodds & Roberts, 1990).
Cytosine DNA methylation changes drought stress responses in tissue culture derived banana (Musa AAA- East Africa) plants
(Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2011) Msogoya, T. J.; Grout, B. W.
Tissue culture derived plants are often vulnerable to abiotic stresses but mechanisms underlying such responses are hardly known. This study was conducted to determine mechanisms underlying drought stress vulnerability of in vitro derived banana cv. ‘Uganda’. Methodology and results: Suckers of in vitro derived off-type, in vitro micropropagation (MP) derived normal plants and conventionally propagated (CP) plants with no tissue culture history in their ancestry were collected in the field at Sokoine University of Agriculture and planted in 20-litre containers for drought stress evaluation. The mechanisms underlying the drought stress vulnerability were determined when banana plants reached 1.5 m tall based on leaf global cytosine DNA methylation, stomatal density and leaf senescence. Global cytosine DNA methylation was determined from cigar leaves by a reversed phase HPLC analysis. Leaf stomatal density was determined as the number of stomata per unit area of both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Leaf senescence was estimated as a number of leaves with dying margins when soil moisture level decreased to minus 630 millibars. The off-type and MP derived plants had lower (P < 0.05) global cytosine DNA methylation of 11.3 and 17.5 % compared with 22.5 % of the CP derived plants. On the contrary, the off-type and MP derived plants had higher stomatal density of 78.2 and 78.8 stomata per mm2 on the lower leaf surface compared to 72.0 stomata per mm2 of the CP derived banana plants. The leaf senescence of the off-type and MP derived plants was significantly (P < 0.05) higher with 87.7 and 79.5 % compared to 66.7 % of the CP derived plants at soil moisture of minus 630 millibars. Conclusion and application: These findings provide evidence that tissue culture process increases the vulnerability to water stress of in vitro banana regenerants as a consequence of increased leaf stomatal density which is possibly under the control of cytosine DNA hypomethylation. The vulnerability of the in vitro derived banana cv. ‘Uganda’ limits the use of tissue culture derived planting materials among small-scale farmers with limited water resource and irrigation facilities but provides an opportunity for further studies to minimise water stress susceptibility of in vitro derived banana suckers.
Diversity and genetic identity of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] in Tanzania based on microsatellite markers
(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2018) Makaranga, A.; Seth, M. S.; Ndee, A.; Mneney, E. E.; Mbwambo, G.; Lema, K.; Godfrey, A.; Mrema, L.; Kachiwile, A.; Mrema, E.; Msogoya, T. J.
Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] is an important fruit crop cultivated in Tanzania. However, the knowledge on genetic diversity of the pineapple cultivars grown in Tanzania is limited. This study was aimed at determining the genetic diversity and identity of pineapple cultivars from different growing regions in Tanzania using microsatellite markers also known as simple sequence repeat marker (SSR). Ten of the 18 microsatellite markers were polymorphic and generated a total of 22 distinct reproducible bands with an average of 2.2 bands per primer pair. The number of polymorphic bands detected with each primer pair ranged from 1 to 3 with an average of 1.5 per primer pair. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of each primer pair ranged from 0.17 to 0.79 with an average of 0.41. Two microsatellite loci TsuAC010 and TsuAC039 revealed PIC values higher than 0.50 thus suggesting that such primers have high discriminatory ability. The consensus tree derived from the unweighted pairgroup method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) revealed four different groups. Kinole-SCT subpopulation formed a distinct group from Madeke-SCT and MD2 hybrid cultivar. Kinole-SC, Mukuranga- SC, and Kiwangwa-SCcultivars were closely related on the cluster analysis. This study demonstrated the existence of low genetic diversity in pineapples cultivated in Tanzania implying that a well-thoughtout breeding strategies should be employed for genetic improvements of pineapple. Introduction of exotic clones and employment of modern breeding strategies such as marker assisted selection (MAS) and genetic engineering technologies is recommended. This will widen the current genetic pool of pineapple in Tanzania.
Effect of benzylaminopurine on in vivo multiplication of French plantain (Musa spp. AAB) cv. ‘Itoke sege’
(Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2014) Kindimba, G. V.; Msogoya, T. J.
Objective: In vivo macropropagation is an alternative simple and cheap technique for banana multiplication. However, the response of cv. “Itoke Sege” to in vivo macropropagation combined with different benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations is not known. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate concentration of BAP for enhancing in vivo macropropagation of French plantain cv. ‘Itoke Sege’. Methodology and results: Sword suckers of about 70 - 80 cm tall and 14 -16 cm collar diameter were obtained from farmers’ fields in Rungwe district in Mbeya, Tanzania. Moistened sawdust was steamsterilized for 45 minutes and then filled for cooling in wooden propagators of 1.5 m x 2.20 m x 0.3 m dimension. Suckers were partially peeled, washed to remove roots and surface-sterilized for 15 seconds by dipping them in hot boiling water. The sterilized corms were desheathed to expose axillary buds and decorticated to suppress the apical meristems. Fifteen corms in three replications were each dipped in BAP at 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/l for 12 hours and then planted into sawdust media. Irrigation was done immediately but subsequent watering was carried out when necessary. In vivo multiplication response was evaluated based on number of days to first shoot emergence, number of shoots per corm, number of roots per shoot and shoot size. Results showed that BAP concentration at 1.5 mg L-1 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of days to first shoot emergence of 15.78 days followed by BAP at 3.0, 6.0 and 0.0 mg L-1 with 25.18, 28.39 and 36.43 days, respectively. Similarly, BAP concentration at 1.5 mg L-1 significantly (P < 0.05) increased sucker productivity with 17.11 suckers per corm followed by BAP at 0.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg L-1 with 15.23, 13.08 and 12.96 suckers per corm, respectively. Corms treated with BAP at 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg L-1 significantly (P > 0.05) produced taller shoots with length of 27.0, 27.3 and 26.7 cm followed by corms treated with BAP at 0.0 mg L-1 with shoot length of 22.7 cm. Conversely, corms treated with BAP at 0.0 and 6.0 mg L-1 produced suckers with larger collar diameter of 3.4 and 2.4 cm followed by suckers from corms treated with BAP at 3.0 and 1.5 mg L-1 with collar diameters of 2.2 and 2.0 cm, respectively. Suckers from corms treated with BAP at 0.0 and 3.0 mg L-1 had larger number of leaves of 4.8 and 4.6 per sucker followed by suckers from corms treated with BAP at 1.5 and 6.0 mg L-1 with 4.0 and 3.8 leaves per sucker, respectively. Conclusion and application: Based on these findings, it is concluded that in vivo macropropagation combined with BAP at 1.5 mg L-1 is a suitable technique for improving multiplication and sucker growth of French plantain cv. ‘Itoke Sege’. The findings of this study provide an opportunity for the use of in vivo macropropagation coupled with BAP at 1.5 mg L-1 as an alternative simple and cheap technology for rapid and mass production of planting materials for recalcitrant plantain varieties. Further study is recommended to evaluate the response of cv. “Itoke Sege” to in vivo macropropagation combined with other cytokinebased growth regulators. Research is also required to test the responses of other recalcitrant plantain cultivars to in vivo macropropagation in combination with different BAP concentrations.
Effect of Grafting on Yield and Quality of Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) Cultivars
(Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018) Shipepe, B. T.; Msogoya, T. J.
Grafting has proven to mitigate some soil-borne diseases and abiotic stresses as well as improve plant growth, yield and fruit quality. However, in Tanzania the effect of grafting on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of hybrid tomato cultivars is not yet fully explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grafting eggplant rootstocks on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of hybrid tomato cultivars grown in Tanzania. The study was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Tanzania, and the experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments each replicated three times. Hybrid tomato cv. Assila and Monica were each cleft-grafted onto eggplant EG190, EG195 and EG203 rootstocks and transplanted in the open field. Ungrafted plants of the same tomato cultivars were used as controls. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance using GenStat v.14 statistical package (VSN International, UK) and treatment means were separated based on Tukey’s Test at P≤0.05. Results reveal that grafting eggplant EG190, EG195 and EG203 rootstocks significantly reduced total fruit yield (p = 0.001) and marketable yield (p = 0.001) for all tomato cultivars but significantly (p = 0.001) increased total soluble solids contents for all tomato cultivars, and titratable acidity for Monica in comparison to ungrafted controls. Further studies are required to determine rootstocks that are vigorous enough to carry scions of these hybrid tomato cultivars for yield improvement.
Effect of improved tomato cultivars on productivity and profitability in Morogoro region, Tanzania
(Journal of Animal &Plant Sciences, 2016) Msogoya, T. J.; Mamiro, D.
The objective of this study was to assess yield, revenue and profit from F1 hybrid tomato cultivars compared to farmers' preferred open pollinated local tomato cultivars grown in Tanzania. Seeds of local and F1 hybrid tomato varieties were sourced from local agro-dealers. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments (cv. Assila, Eden, Shanty and Oxyl Premium) and four controls consisting of local tomato cultivars (cv. Tengeru 97, Tanya, Cal-J and Riogrande). A treatment was replicated three times each with 12 plants. The seedlings were planted at a spacing of 60 cm x 60 cm in an open field at Sokoine University of Agriculture during the rainy and dry seasons. Data on total and marketable fruit yields were analyzed using Genstat statistical software version 15 and treatment means were separated based on Fisher’s unprotected LSD test at p< 0.05. Seed and production costs were computed based on real cost while revenues and net profits were estimated based on fruit marketable yield and retail prices of TSh. 700 and 1000 per kilogram (One USD = TSh. 2000). Results indicated that cv. Assila significantly (p = 0.002) produced higher total and marketable fruit yields than all local tomato cultivars during both the dry and rainy seasons. Moreover, cv. Eden significantly (p = 0.002) produced higher total and marketable fruit yields than all local cultivars during the dry season only while cv. Shanty produced higher marketable yields than all local cultivars during the rainy season only. The production costs of F1 hybrid tomato cultivars were higher than those of local tomato cultivars during both seasons. Tomato cv. Assila produced higher revenue and net profit than all local cultivars during both seasons while cv. Shanty produced higher revenue and net profit than all local tomato cultivars during the rainy season only. It is therefore recommended that farmers in Morogoro region should grow cv. Assila during both the rainy and dry seasons, and cv. Shanty during the rainy season only.
Effect of seedling fibrous roots on field performance of hybrid coffee varieties
(Academic journals, 2018) Magesa, J. M.; Msogoya, T. J.; Rweyemamu, C. L.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of number of fibrous roots per seedling on plant growth and yield components of hybrid coffee varieties. A split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. The main factor consisted of five varieties (N39-2, N39-3, N39-7, KP423-1 and KP423-2) whereas the sub-factor consisted of four types of roots (seedlings with 1-9 fibrous roots; seedlings with 10-17 fibrous roots; seedlings with ≥ 18 fibrous roots and control). Plants were evaluated for vegetative growth and yield components 14 months from the date of planting. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using CoStat software version 6.311 and treatment means were separated based on Tukey’s test at P ≤ 0.05. Results indicate that coffee varieties N39-3, KP423-1 and KP423-2 were significantly (P = 0.00) taller than varieties N39-1 and N39-7 while coffee variety N39-2 significantly produced a larger number of fruit clusters per plant (P = 0.00) and higher seed yield (P = 0.00) than the rest of coffee varieties. Results also show that seedlings with at least 18 fibrous roots per seedling highly significantly increased plant height (P = 0.00), stem internode length (P = 0.00), number of fruit bearing primaries per plant (P = 0.00), number of fruit clusters per plant (P = 0.00), number of berries per plant (P = 0.00) and total seed yield (P = 0.00) of hybrid coffee varieties. The interactions between variety N39-3 and seedlings with at least 18 fibrous roots per seedling only significantly increased (P = 0.00) the internode length compared with the interaction between variety N39-3 and seedlings with 10-17 fibrous roots per seedling, and variety KP423-2 and seedlings with 1-9 fibrous roots per seedling. It is concluded that coffee growers should use seedlings with at least 18 fibrous roots per seedling in order to increase plant growth and total seed yield of improved hybrid coffee varieties. Further studies are required to determine propagation technologies which can increase the number of fibrous roots to at least 18 per stem cutting of hybrid coffee varieties.
Effect of thidiazuron on in vivo shoot proliferation of popular banana (Musa spp. L) cultivars in Tanzania
(Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2014) Msogoya, T. J.; Mwakisitu, J.
Objective: Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a diphenyl urea-based cytokinin, which is non-degradable and persistent in plant tissues. The effect of these TDZ properties on in vivo banana proliferation when deshealthed corms are temporarily dipped in such growth regulator is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temporary treatments with TDZ of deshealthed banana corms on in vivo sucker multiplication. Methodology and Results: The study was comprised of a split plot experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications each replication with 15 corms. The main plot factor was banana cultivars (Mtwike, Mzuzu and Bukoba) while the sub-plot factor was TDZ concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l). Moistened sawdust was steam-sterilized for 45 minutes and then filled for cooling in wooden propagators. Banana suckers were cleaned to remove roots and surface-sterilized for 15 seconds. The sterilized corms were deshealthed to expose axillary buds and decorticated to suppress the apical meristems. These corns were each dipped in TDZ at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l for 12 hours and then planted into the sterilized sawdust media in the propagators. Results showed that the number of shoots per corm significantly (P < 0.05) increased as TDZ concentration increased from 0.0 to 2.0 mg/l but decreased as TDZ increased to 3.0 mg/l. The number of leaves per sucker significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as TDZ concentration increased from 0.0 to 3.0 mg/l. Conversely, corms treated with TDZ at 2.0 mg/l produced suckers with the largest number of leaves of 4.9 per sucker followed by corms treated with TDZ at 1.0, 3.0 and 0.5 mg/l with 4.5, 4.3 and 3.3 leaves per sucker, respectively. Banana cultivars had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the number of shoots per corm where banana cv. Bukoba produced the largest number of shoots of 6.4 per corm while banana cv. Mtwike and Mzuzu produced 2.3 and 2.9 shoots per corm, respectively. Conclusion and Application: The findings from this study provide evidence that in vivo shoot multiplication rates and sucker growth of banana cv. Mzuzu, Bukoba and Mtwike can be increased by dipping for 12 hours deshealthed corms in TDZ solution at 2.0 mg/l. The low in vivo multiplication rates of banana cv. Mtwike and Mzuzu underscore the need for further studies to determine alternative best cytokine-based growth regulators.
Effects of growth media on rooting of stem cuttings of hybrid coffee varieties
(Academic journals, 2017) Magesa, J. M.; Msogoya, T. J.; Rweyemamu, C. L.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different growth media on rooting of stem cuttings of hybrid coffee varieties. The experiment was conducted on-station under a shade house at Tanzania Coffee Research Institute (TaCRI) from October 2013 to February 2014 using a split plot experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The main factor consisted of five hybrid coffee varieties (KP423-1, KP423-2, N39-3, N39-2 and N39-7) and the sub-factor consisted of five types of rooting media (red soil, peat moss, decomposed saw dust, rice husk and forest soil + fine sand 2:1 (v/v) as a control). The stem cuttings were planted in each type of the media and four months after planting, the cuttings were evaluated based on number of rooted cuttings, total number of roots per cutting, number of lateral roots per cutting and root length. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using CoStat software and treatment means were separated based on Tukey’s test at P ≤ 0.05. Results indicate that coffee varieties N39-2 and N39-3 produced the highest rooted stem cuttings of 64.2 and 63.9% respectively. Results also show that red soil media provided the highest rooted stem cuttings of 77.9% followed by sawdust with 68.0%. It is recommended that propagators should use red soil as a rooting media for improving rooting percentage of stem cuttings from improved coffee varieties. Further studies are required to improve chemical and physical properties of red soil media.
Effects of harvesting stages on yield and nutritional quality of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) fruits
(Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2014) Msogoya, T. J.; Majubwa, R. O.; Maerere, A. P.
Farmers often harvest African eggplant (Solanum Aethiopicum L.) fruits at different stages of fruit maturity. The influence of these harvesting practices on fruit productivity and nutritional quality is not known. This study was conducted to determine the effect of harvesting stages on yield and nutritional quality of African eggplant varieties. The experiment was laid out in a split plot arrangement in a complete randomized block design with three replications. Three African eggplant varieties (Tengeru white, AB2 and Manyire green) and three harvesting stages (1, 2 and 3) were used as main plot factor and sub plot factor, respectively. Harvesting stage 1 (immature fruits) was characterized by fruits with non-shiny peel, harvesting stage 2 (mature fruits) was characterized by fruits with shinny peel and harvesting stage 3 (overmature fruits) was characterized by fruits with yellow coloration at the bottom. Fruit yield was assessed based on number and weight of fruits per plant while fruit nutritional quality was assessed in the laboratory based on carbohydrate, fibres, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, 9-carotene and ascorbic acid contents. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance using MSTATC statistical software. Treatments mean separation was conducted based on Student-Newman Keuls at P < 5 %. Results showed that yield in number of fruits per hectare decreased while yield in metric tons per hectare increased with fruit development stages. Varieties Tengeru white and AB2 had the highest yields based on metric tons at harvesting stage 2 while Manyire green had the highest yield at harvesting stage 3. Carbohydrate and fibre contents increased while ascorbic acid, 9-carotene and most minerals decreased with fruit development stages. This study recommends harvesting immature fruits for high vitamin and mineral contents and delayed harvesting for the highest yield. As yield and nutritional quality trends vary with varieties, further studies are required to determine the effect of harvesting stages on yield and nutritional quality of different varieties of African eggplant.
Establishment potential of Elgon Olive (Olea welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & Schellenb) seedlings propagated using stem cuttings and seeds
(College of Forestry, Wildlife and Tourism, 2017) Maduka, S. M.; Chamshama, S. A. O.; Msogoya, T. J.
Large-scale planting of Olea welwitschii has been hampered by availability of viable seeds. This study compared the establishment potential of seedlings propagated using stem cuttings and seeds based on their morphological quality characteristics and initial field growth performance. Five seedlings from each propagation method were subjected to destructive sampling for assessment morphological qualities based on shoot height, Root Collar Diameter (RCD), root and shoot fresh and oven-dry weight. Field experiment was laid out with three replications in complete randomized block design with 10 seedlings per replication at spacing of 3 x 3 m line plots for assessment of establishment potential based on height, RCD and survival at planting and after field establishment. Results indicated that RCD (p = 0.001), root fresh weight (p = 0.0036) and root dry weight (p = 0.0279) of seedlings propagated from stem cuttings were significantly higher than those propagated from seeds. Three months after field establishment, seedlings propagated from stem cuttings had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher RCD and higher survival (p < 0.0001) than seedlings propagated using seeds. Preliminary results revealed that seedlings propagated from stem cuttings established and survived better in the field than those propagated from seeds. Thus, large-scale planting of O. welwitschii can be increased by using seedlings propagated from stem cuttings although further studies are required to compare long-term field performance of seedlings propagated from stem cutting and that from seeds.
Field performance of micropropagated east African banana (musa AAA east Africa) in the eastern zone of Tanzania
(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006) Msogoya, T. J.; Maerere, A. P.; Grout, B. W.
This study was conducted to evaluate yield performance of micro-propagated CM.Pd) East African cooking banana (Musa AAA East Africa) cv. Uganda and cv. Bukoba in the Eastern zone of Tanzania. Plant size of MPd cv. Bukoba was significantly bigger (p
The flower industry in Tanzania: production performance and costs
(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006) Msogoya, T. J.; Maerere, A. P.
A survey was conducted to assess production levels, costs, marketing and policy regulations affecting the flower industry in Tanzania. Results indicated that rose and chrysanthemum were the main ornamental crops produced for export with yield of 908 and 145.6 million flower stems and shoot cuttings per year in 2003, respectively. The surface areas under rose and chrysanthemum cultivation increased by 328.9 and 658.3% and the corresponding production by 316.84 and 666.33% between 1997 and 2003, respectively. Greenhouse construction accounted for 50% while purchase of land and rose planting materials represented 17.7 and 12.3% of the total investment cost, respectively. Interest on loans and freight charges accounted for 19 and 16.0% of the total operational cost, respectively. All chrysanthemum shoot cuttings were directly exported to The Netherlands whereas 90% of total rose flowers were exported to Europe through European middlemen with a marketing commission of 18-30% of sales and 52% of total operational cost. The average selling prices of rose and chrysanthemum were 0.23 and 0.11 US$ per flower stem and shoot tip cutting, respectively. Foreign growers appreciated the provision of tax exemption of five years but considered the National Agricultural Policy of 1997 being too general and not favourable to the flower industry.
Graft Compatibility Between Eggplant Rootstocks and Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) Cultivars
(AJOL, 2018) Shipepe, B. T.; Msogoya, T. J.
Tomato grafting has proven to mitigate some soil-borne diseases and abiotic stresses as well as improve plant growth, yield and fruit quality. However, in Tanzania the graft compatibility between eggplant rootstocks and hybrid tomato cultivars has not yet been explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate graft compatibility between eggplant rootstocks and hybrid tomato cultivars grown in Tanzania. The study was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro, Tanzania and the experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Hybrid tomato cv. Assila and Monica were each cleft-grafted onto eggplant EG190, EG195 and EG203 rootstocks, healed for six days in a healing chambers, hardened for seven days under a shade of 30% and later transplanted in the open field. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance using GenStat v.14 statistical package (VSN International, UK) and treatment means were separated based on Tukey’s Test at P≤0.05. Results reveal that grafting eggplant EG190, EG195 and EG203 rootstocks with hybrid tomato cultivars significantly led to partial incompatibility based on higher incidence of adventitious roots at the graft union (p=0.001), plant wilting (p=0.001) and death (p=0.001) after transplanting in the field. Similarly, grafting these eggplant rootstocks significantly reduced plant height (p=0.001) and stem diameter (p=0.001) of tomato cv. Assila and Monica in comparison to ungrafted controls. Conversely, grafting these eggplant rootstocks significantly advanced flowering (p=0.008) and fruit harvest (p=0.001) of tomato cv. Assila and Monica compared to ungrafted controls. Further studies are required to determine rootstocks that are vigorous enough to carry the scions of hybrid tomato cultivars for improved graft compatibility and plant growth.
Grafting compatibility between selected rootstocks and Tanzanian local tomato cultivars
(Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2016) Msogoya, T. J.; Mamiro, D.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different rootstocks on graft success of Tanzanian local tomato cultivars. Eggplant rootstocks (EG190, EG195, EG203 and EG219, and tomato rootstock (Hawaii 7996) were obtained from AVRDC in Taiwan while local tomato cultivars (Tengeru 97, Tanya, Cal-J and Riogrande) were sourced locally. Methodology and Results: Cleft graft method was carried out when seedlings of eggplant, Hawaii 7996 and local tomato cultivars were 30, 17 and 14 days old, respectively. The grafted seedlings with graft union tied using grafting clips were healed in a dark chamber for three days and then in a transparent chamber for three days. The average temperature and relative humidity in both chambers were maintained at 21-30°C and 85-95 %, respectively. The grafted seedlings were hardened for seven days in an open nursery with 30% overhead shade prior to transplanting. Data on graft success were subjected to analysis of variance using MSTATC statistical software and treatments mean separation was conducted based on Student-Newman Keuls at P < 5 %. Results show that graft success between eggplant rootstocks and local tomato cultivars was higher ranging from 86 to 100%. On the contrary, grafting rootstock Hawaii 7996 with local tomato cultivars significantly (PB 5%) resulted in a lower graft success ranging from 30 to 50% during the hardening stage in the open nursery. Conclusion and application of results: Tanzanian local tomato varieties can be grafted onto eggplant rootstocks EG190, EG195, EG203 and EG219 with high graft success. As these eggplant rootstocks are resistant to soil borne diseases, farmers should graft their varieties in order to increase tomato yield. Further studies are therefore required to optimize the grafting conditions to improve graft success between rootstock Hawaii 7996 and local tomato cultivars.
Grower perception of the significance of weaver ants as a fruit fly deterrent in Tanzanian smallholder mango production
(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2017) Kirkegaard, N.; Msogoya, T. J.; Offenberg, J.; Grout, B.
Managed populations of weaver ants in mango trees have been used successfully in Australia, SE Asia and parts of Western Africa to deter fruit flies from ovipositing in ripening fruits. The presence of indigenous weaver ants in mango trees of smallholder growers in Tanzania offers the possibility of exploiting them as an affordable, environmentally friendly method to improve marketable fruit yield and quality. In a preliminary interview study in a m ango growing region of rural Tanzania, the farmers were not convinced of any beneficial, deterrent effect attributable to the indigenous weaver ants in their trees and were sceptical of any likely value as a biological control technique. Additionally, frui t fly infestation was not seen as a priority problem and subsequent enquiry and investigation showed that, fortuitously, traditional, local practices for storage and enhancing ripening prevented the development of a significant proportion of any deposited eggs. Subsequent field studies supported the grower perceptions as they recorded only an erratic and limited deterrent effect.