Browsing by Author "Mpenda, Zena"
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Item Achieving Resilience in Downstream Agri-Food Systems(Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, 2021) Traub, Lulama Ndibongo; Sihlobo, Wandile; Mabaya, Edward; Jayne, Thomas; Matthey, Holger; Mabuza, Zodwa Florence; Kirimi, Lilian; Mpenda, Zena; Masila, Gerald; Kibaara, BettyItem Effects of food safety standards on the livelihoods of actors in the nile perch value chain in Tanzania(Copenhagen, 2007) Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mdoe, Ntengua S.Y.; Senkondo, Ephraim; Mpenda, ZenaExports of non-traditional products from developing to developed countries have increased rapidly over the past two decades. However, one of the major challenges facing developing countries in seeking to maintain and expand their share of global markets is stringent food-safety requirements in industrialized countries. The effects of compliance with these requirements and their distributional impacts among actors in developing countries are generally not well known. Based on this understanding, a study was conducted on the Tanzanian side of Lake Victoria (in Mwanza and Mara regions) to evaluate the effects of food-safety standards on the livelihoods of actors in the Nile perch value chain using the Livelihoods Analysis and Change in Net Income (CNI) approach. The effects of food-safety standards were imputed as the residual values be- tween the “with” and “without” compliance scenarios for a specified actor category. The results of the analysis showed that the livelihood platform and income portfolios for the “with”-compliance scenario was relatively more favourable than that in the alternative, “without”- compliance scenario. The difference in human capital and livestock holdings between fishers / crews in the two scenarios was however non-significant (P<0.05). The results of the analysis also showed that both the costs and benefits of compliance with food-safety standards were consider- able. Actors in the Nile perch export supply chain (the “with”-compliance scenario) obtained the highest gross revenues and net returns, as well as incurring the highest operating costs. However, the profit margins, assets and income portfolios for most actors upstream of the fishery value chains were generally lower in both the “with” and “without” compliance scenarios than those of the actors in the subsequent stages. The overall analysis of issues in this paper suggests the need to ensure more effective and coherent planning in order to safeguard the future of the fishery sector, ensure an appropriate regulatory framework, strengthen the capacity of the stakeholders to manage the resource sustainably, develop safeguards for ensuring an equitable distribution of fishery benefits, and increase collaboration among the riparian states of Lake Victoria between them and development partners.Item Extending the ReNAPRI model framework to poultry in Eastern & Southern Africa(European Commission, 2021-02) Davids, Tracy; Dzanku, Fred; Kirimi, Lilian; Mpenda, Zena; Peter, van Horne; Achterbosch, ThomIn per capita terms, poultry consumption in Sub Saharan Africa remains low. As income grows, allowing for greater dietary diversification, expectations are that poultry consumption will also increase. To understand the possible extent of growth, as well as the possibilities to expand domestic production to supply it, this report considers demand preferences for poultry products in the region, before providing an overview of the current structure of poultry value chains in South Africa, Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania, as well as a quantitative modelling framework and a consistent market outlook, which integrates chicken and feed sectors and can be utilised to support strategic decision making in the sector in a forward looking context. The study found a tension between rapid growth in imports, and the general consumer preference for domestically produced chicken meat over imported products, and in many regions a preference for indigenous breeds over broilers. Despite differences between countries, the contribution of intensive production systems is growing, but cost competitiveness is a major driver of rising imports, underscoring the importance of a competitive feed sector to grow poultry production. Under baseline assumptions, imports are projected to remain an important contributor in supplying further demand growth. Nevertheless, a combination of interventions addressing productivity gains, feed cost competitiveness and carcass valuation opportunities can induce accelerated production growth, enabling domestic producers to capture a greater share of domestic demand growth in future.Item Feedlot performance and profitability of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu finished on local feed resources in Kongwa District, Tanzania(Science Publishing Group, 2022-10-11) Kimirei, Saning’o Gabriel; Chenyambuga, Sebastian Wilson; Mushi, Daniel Elia; Msalya, George Mutani; Mpenda, ZenaAn experiment was conducted for 90 days to assess the effects of diets formulated based on locally available feed ingredients on growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of cattle under feedlot condition in Kogwa district, Tanzania. Fifty bulls belonging to Tanzania shorthorn zebu breed, with the age of three to four years and average initial weight of 130 kg were used. The bulls were allotted to five treatments (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 ) in a completely randomized design. Animals on treatments T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 were kept under confinement, fed Cenchrus ciliaris hay and supplemented with concentrate diets formulated based on locally available ingredients while those on T 5 were grazed in natural pastures without being supplemented. The diet on T 1 contained maize bran as the sole energy source while T 2 comprised maize bran and rice polishing as energy sources, T 3 comprised maize bran and molasses as energy sources and T 4 had maize bran, rice polishing and molasses as energy sources. All diets contained sunflower seed cake and mineral pre-mixes as protein and mineral sources, respectively. The bulls subjected to concentrate supplementation (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 ) had higher (P < 0.0001) weight gain and growth rate than those on T 5 . Among the bulls supplemented with concentrate diets, those on T 3 had the highest weight gain (107 kg) and growth rate (1.28 kg/d) and lower FCR (6.48), followed by those on T 1 (weight gain = 96.70 kg, growth rate = 1.07 kg/d, FCR = 6.509). Moreover, the bulls on T 3 had the highest gross margin (TZS 235,471). In conclusion, the diet on T 3 was found to be better than the other diets. Therefore, it can be used by farmers for fattening of indigenous cattle at an affordable cost and obtain large profit.