Browsing by Author "Maliondo, S. M. S."
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Item Biomass and volume models for different vegetation types of Tanzania(E&D Vision Publishing Ltd, 2016) Malimbwi, R. E.; Mauya, E. W.; Zahabu, E.; Katani, J. Z.; Chamshama, S. A. O.; Eid, T.; Bollandsås, O. M.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Mugasha, W. A.; Masota, A. M.; Njana, M.; Makero, J. S.; Mshana, J. S.; Luganga, H.; Mathias, A.; Msalika, P.; Mwangi, J.; Mlagalila, H. E.Climate change and high rates of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have increased the attention paid to the need for high-quality monitoring systems to assess how much carbon (C) is present in terrestrial systems and how these change over time. The choice of a system to adopt relies heavily on the accuracy of the method for quantifying biomass and volume as important primary variables for computing C stock and changes over time. Methods based on ground forest inventory and remote sensing data have commonly been applied in the recent decade to estimate biomass and volume in the tropical forests. However, regardless of the method, accurate tree level biomass and volume models are needed to translate field or remotely sensed data into estimates of forest biomass and volume. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to develop biomass and volume models for the forests, woodlands, thickets, agroforestry systems and some selected tree species in Tanzania. Data from destructively sampled trees were used to develop volume and above- and below-ground biomass models. Different statistical criteria, including coefficient of determination (R2), relative root mean square error (RMSE %) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), were used to assess the quality of the model fits. The models selected showed good prediction accuracy and, therefore, are recommended not only to support the ongoing initiatives on forest C Measurement, Reporting and Verificatio (MRV) processes but also for general forest management in Tanzania.Item Cyanosoils project site and soil characterization(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2002) Msanya, B. M.; Kimaro, D. N.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Semu, E.; Madoffe, S. S.; Mvena, Z. K. S.The objective of the study was to select sites for the Cyanosoils project and to characterize the soils on which experiments will be carried out. Through field visits and studies three sites were identified and described in Morogoro Urban and Mvomero Districts. Soil profiles were excavated, described and sampled for laboratory analyses.Item Early response of second -- rotation pinus patula stands to nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers at Sao Hill forest plantation, Tanzania(2005) Maliondo, S. M. S.; Mtui, E. B.; Chamshama, S. A. O.; Msanya, B. M.Early response of second -- rotation Pinus patula stands to nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers at Sao Hill forest plantations, tanzania. An investigation into the effect of fertilization on second -- rotation Pinus patula stands as an option for increasing growth and yield was initiated in April 1998 at two sites in the Sao Hill forest plantation, Iringa region, southwest Tanzania. Six factorial fertilizer treatments consisting of nitrogen (N) (0, 60 kg N ha -1 ) and phosphorus (P) (0, 30, 60 kg P ha -1 ) were assigned randomly to one-year-old P. patula seedlings in April 1999. Tree heights were measured at 7, 18, 22, 30 and 42 months after out-planting. Diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured from 22 months onwards. At 7 months, seedlings were significantly taller at Ngwazi (0.45 + 0.03 m) than at Msiwasi (0.36 + 0.04 m). In contrast, although not significant, by 42 months trees were slightly taller at Msiwasi (5.00 + 0.37 m) than at Ngwazi (4.87 + 0.46 m). Similarly, height increment measured at 42 months was significantly higher at Msiwasi. Msiwasi had significantly larger dbh trees (1.99 + 0.36 cm) than Ngwazi(1.62 + 0.0.30 cm) at 22 months, but these differences disappeared with time. Neither the application of N nor P had any effect on tree growth at Ngwazi. However, application of N depressed tree survival from 96 to 89% at Msiwasi. Application of P increased diameter and height growth at Msiwasi only. These results further stress the need for developing site-specific recommendations based on research studies.Item The effect of clay on the persistence of BTi toxicity against mosquito larvae in Morogoro, Tanzania IA(2001) Kilonzo, B. S.; Madoffe, S. S.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Msanya, B. M.; Mabagalla, R.; Kitojo, D. H.Laboratory colonies of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were reared from parental larvae obtained from the Ifakara Health Research Centre and septic tanks ill Morogoro Municipality respectively. Water ponds (1M3 ) were constructed at selected sites and left open for mosquitoes to breed ill freely. Various concentrations of Bti crystals were-mixed with varying concentrations of clay and tested against third instar larvae of each species at various periods of time post-preparation. A total of 60 larvae (20 x 3) were exposed to each mixture in the laboratory, and each- experiment was replicated four times. Mortality rates were recorded after 241t. exposure. The observations revealed that for every concentration of Bti crystals used, the toxicity on both species of mosquitoes was less persistent in crystal/clay mixtures than in crystals alone. It was also shown that such persistence was much less in mixtures containing large concentrations of clay (5mg/ml) titan in those containing low concentrations (0.05 - 0.5 mg/ml) of clay. It wasfurther observed th at the toxicity against Culex and Anopheles larvae was more persistent in mixtures containing higher concentrations of Bti crystals (0.12 - 0.3 ug/ml) titan ill those containing low concentrations (0.03 - 0.06 ug/ml) of the toxin. Furthermore, it was observed that C. quinquefasciatus larvae succumbed to Bti crystal/clay mixtures for longer periods titan A. gambiae larvae. It was generally concluded that clays have 11 negative impact on the persistence of Bti toxicity against mosquito larvae and th at such impact is more significant in mixtures containing large concentrations clay. It was also concluded that despite the environmental friendliness of Bti, its applicability by communities is limited in view of its short persistence when it is adsorbed to tropical soils which are found in most natural mosquito breeding sites.Item Growth performance of azadirachta Indica provenances in Morogoro, Tanzania(Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2004) Andrew, S. M.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Mtika, J.; Msanga, H. P.; Nsolomo, V. R.The growth performance of 20 provenances and one land race of Azadirachta indica (neem) from 10 countries was evaluated at Mkundi Fuel Wood Forest Reserve in Morogoro region, Tanzania. The experiment was established in a randomised complete block design with six replications. This is one of the provenance trials under the International Neem Network. The assessment involved tree height, diameter at breast height, number of branches, stem quality, survival and total volume after 58 months of planting. Except for survival, differences between provenances as well as between provenance and land race were observed in all the parameters studied. Provenances Ban Bo, Ban Nong (Thailand), Ghaati (India), Doi Tao (Thailand), Ramanaguda (India), Vietianne (Vietnam), Kuliyapitiya (Sri Lanka), Annur, Mandore, Chitradunga (India) and Bandia (Senegal) were the best performers. Yezin (Myanmar), Allhabad (India), Balharshalt (Nepal), Sunyan (Ghana), Lamahal, Geta (Nepal), Chamwino (Tanzania), Chanatorin (India), Muttan, Tibbi Laran (Pakistan) were marginal performers. It is recommended that further assessments on provenance performance be carried out up to half rotation age for identification of promising provenance.Item Potential of carbon storage in major soil types of the Miombo woodland ecosystem, Tanzania: A review(Academic and Scientific Publishing, 2014-07) Shelukindo, H. B.; Semu, E.; Msanya, B. M.; Munishi, P. K. T.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Singh, B. R.This review was undertaken to explore the potential of soils to sequester and store large quantities of carbon (C) in the form of soil organic carbon (SOC) from the view point of global climate change regulation and reduced CO2 emissions. Miombo woodland forest soils are an important sink of atmospheric C. The major soils found in the Miombo woodlands include: Cambisols (Inceptisols), Leptosols, and Fluvisols (Entisols), Luvisols (Alfisols), Acrisols (Ultisols), Ferralsols (Oxisols), and Vertisols (FAO-WRB classification system and USDA- Soil Taxonomy). The soils differed in physico-chemical properties and exhibited differences in morphological characteristics, nutrient status and SOC storage, suggesting a remarkable variation in potential, constraints and management strategies for the different soil types. The review underscored the potential of soils as one among the important strategies in fighting against climate change due to the presence of soil humus that stabilizes soil organic carbon for a long period of time. Overall, Miombo woodland soils have a high potential for storing substantial SOC stocks. Miombo are composed of different tree species (average of 45 species per biome) with differences in C storage capacity. Thus, strengthening land/forest conservation could lead to build up of SOC stocks that would contribute to global climate change regulation.Item REDD+ piloting in Tanzania: The village as an arena for defining and defending local and national interests(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2016-12) Kajembe, G. C.; Silayo, D. A.; Mombo, F. M.; Abdallah, J. M.; Maliondo, S. M. S.Tanzania is among countries earmarked for piloting REDD+ activities in order to inform the global community through lessons learned for sustainable implementation of this programme. This study was carried out to assess the REDD+ piloting process in Tanzania with reference to the village as an arena for defining and defending local and national interests. Social interface approach was used for data collection. The study revealed ambiguity in forest tenure security as a major constraint in the implementation of REDD+. Among the actors in the process, NGOs were found to serve as power brokers between state agencies and local communities. The governance structures at village level play a key role in regulating forest use and implementation of any project. Since communities have a higher trust on their village governments, the villages remain core area for protecting interests of REDD+ and conservation initiatives in the country. Similarly, clear and secure land tenure and forest user rights are critical ingredients for the success of REDD+ initiatives.Item Soil erosion and sediment yield from the degraded mzinga River catchment in Uluguru mountains, Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2009) Mulengera, M. K.; L. L. L., Lulandala; Maliondo, S. M. S.This paper reports the results of a project started in 2003/04 undertaken to rehabilitate the degraded Mzinga River catchment in Morogoro region, Tanzania by practicing agroforestry ti improve the environment health and the socio - economic well-being of the local community. The land user free choice catchment conservation approach was used. Soil erosion measurements and sediment yield modelling were done to monitor land use practices that contribute to catchment degradation. The results showed very high soil erosion losses on agricultural lands (33 tons/ha) and low soil losses from fallow (4.8 tons/ha) and degraded miombo woodlands (2.4 tons/ha). High soil losses from fields contribute greatly to high sediment loads in the Mzinga river averaging about 17 tons/ha per year. The soil erosion rates on agricultural land and the sediment yield rates from the catchment show the importance of instituting corrective and sustainable conservation measures to ensure clean water supply to downstream uses and sustainable land resources development projects.Item Tree species composition and potential timber production of a communal Miombo woodland in Handeni District, Tanzania(Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 2005-01) Maliondo, S. M. S.; Abeli, W. S.; Ole Meiludie, R. E. L.; Migunga, G. A.; A. A., KimaroThree sites were selected near Madebe, one of the villages in Handeni district managing a miombo woodland in Tanzania. Ten square blocks of 4 ha each were established, each block subdivided into 16 square plots of 2.5 ha each. In each block all trees with dbh > 30 cm were identified and measured for dbh. All trees > 10 and < 30 cm dbh were recorded in six randomly selected plots per block. Stem density increased linearly (r2=0.58) from 142 trees ha4 at site A to 223 trees ha4 at site C, with most of the stems (77%) falling within the <30 cm dbh class. Stand basal area averaged 11.0 m2ha4, with 8.52 m2 ha4 in commercial species. Site A had a stand volume of 57.1 m3 ha4 compared with 50.9 m3 ha1 at the other sites. Commercial trees species > 50 cm dbh accounted for 4% of the total stocking, 23% of the basal area and 25% of volume. Sixteen families containing 48 tree species were identified on the 40-ha area studied, with 34% and 25% of the stems in Caesalpiniaceae and Papilionaceae families respectively. Brachystegia boehmii and Julbernardia globiflora were the dominant species, possibly reflecting low harvesting pressure on these species and their relatively high fire resistance. Combretum amiculatum, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Brachystegia microphylla and Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia'were also abundant.Item Yield of edible pleurotus mushrooms grown on rice straw with and without chicken manure supplementation in Morogoro, Tanzania(AJOL, 2008) Andrew, S. M.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Munishi, P. K. T.; Msita, H.n experiment was conducted to determine the performance of different species of edible Pleurotus mushrooms grown on rice straw substrate with and without chicken manure supplementation. The Pleurotus species /varieties tested were P. flabellatus of Tanzania, India and Thailand origin, and P. sajor caju from Tanzania. Rice straw with and without chicken manure were used as substrates. The results showed that the duration of time from spawning to pin formation and from pin formation to first harvest was not significantly different for both treatments (p=0.05). The yields of the Indian and Thai P. flabellatus varieties were significantly higher than yields of P. flabellatus and P. sajor caju from Tanzania (p=0.05). The yields of the substrate amended with manure and un-amended were not significantly different. These results suggest that yields of the studied varieties of Pleurotus mushrooms are not influenced by substrate amendments rather other factors like spawn quality. This implies that use of high quality spawn can be a good determinant of high yields. On the other hand local varieties had lower yields than exotic varieties under the same treatments showing that research and breeding to screen and select for good quality local edible varieties can adequately improve yields and utilization of local breeds/varieties.