Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Northern Tanzania.

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dc.contributor.authorCash-Goldwasser, S.
dc.contributor.authorMaze, M. J.
dc.contributor.authorRubach, M. P.
dc.contributor.authorBiggs, H. M.
dc.contributor.authorStoddard, R. A.
dc.contributor.authorSharples, K. J.
dc.contributor.authorHalliday, J. E. B.
dc.contributor.authorCleaveland, S.
dc.contributor.authorShand, M. C.
dc.contributor.authorMmbaga, B. T.
dc.contributor.authorMuiruri, C.
dc.contributor.authorSaganda, W.
dc.contributor.authorLwezaula, B. F.
dc.contributor.authorKazwala, R. R.
dc.contributor.authorMaro, V. P.
dc.contributor.authorCrump, J. A.
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-14T06:45:12Z
dc.date.available2018-06-14T06:45:12Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.descriptionThe American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 98, Issue 2en_US
dc.description.abstractLittle is known about the epidemiology of human brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa. This hampers prevention and control efforts at the individual and population levels. To evaluate risk factors for brucellosis in northern Tanzania, we conducted a study of patients presenting with fever to two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Serum taken at enrollment and at 4-6 week follow-up was tested by Brucella microagglutination test. Among participants with a clinically compatible illness, confirmed brucellosis cases were defined as having a ≥ 4-fold rise in agglutination titer between paired sera or a blood culture positive for Brucella spp., and probable brucellosis cases were defined as having a single reciprocal titer ≥ 160. Controls had reciprocal titers < 20 in paired sera. We collected demographic and clinical information and administered a risk factor questionnaire. Of 562 participants in the analysis, 50 (8.9%) had confirmed or probable brucellosis. Multivariable analysis showed that risk factors for brucellosis included assisting goat or sheep births (Odds ratio [OR] 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 24.6) and having contact with cattle (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4). Consuming boiled or pasteurized dairy products was protective against brucellosis (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.93). No participants received a clinical diagnosis of brucellosis from their healthcare providers. The under-recognition of brucellosis by healthcare workers could be addressed with clinician education and better access to brucellosis diagnostic tests. Interventions focused on protecting livestock keepers, especially those who assist goat or sheep births, are needed.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0002-9637
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/2358
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherThe American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.en_US
dc.subjectBrucellosis.en_US
dc.subjectTanzania.en_US
dc.subjectNorthern Tanzania.en_US
dc.subjectRisk.en_US
dc.subjectEpidemiology.en_US
dc.subjectSub-Saharan Africa.en_US
dc.titleRisk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Northern Tanzania.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.urlhttps://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0125en_US

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