Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of thermophilic campylobacter species in humans and animals in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
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Date
2020
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
International Journal of Microbiology
Abstract
Termophilic Campylobacter species are clinically important aetiologies of gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. -e
colonization of different animal reservoirs by Campylobacter poses an important risk for humans through shedding of the
pathogen in livestock waste and contamination of water sources, environment, and food. A review of published articles was
conducted to obtain information on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter
species in humans and animals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, Resear-
ch4life-HINARI Health, and Researchgate.net, were searched using the following search terms “thermophilic Campylobacter,”
“Campylobacter jejuni,” “Campylobacter coli,” “diarrhea/diarrhoea,” “antimicrobial resistance,” “antibiotic resistance,” “humans,”
“animals,” “Sub-Saharan Africa,” and “a specific country name.” Initially, a total of 614 articles were identified, and the lists of
references were screened in which 22 more articles were identified. After screening, 33 articles on humans and 34 on animals and
animal products were included in this review. In humans, Nigeria reported the highest prevalence (62.7%), followed by Malawi
(21%) and South Africa (20.3%). For Campylobacter infections in under-five children, Kenya reported 16.4%, followed by Rwanda
(15.5%) and Ethiopia (14.5%). -e country-level mean prevalence in all ages and under-five children was 18.6% and 9.4%,
respectively. -e prevalence ranged from 1.7%–62.7% in humans and 1.2%–80% in animals. -e most reported species were C.
jejuni and C. coli. -e AMR to commonly used antimicrobials ranged from 0–100% in both humans and animals. Poultry
consumption and drinking surface water were the main risk factors for campylobacteriosis. -e present review provides evidence
of thermophilic Campylobacter occurrence in humans and animals and high levels of AMR in SSA, emphasizing the need for
strengthening both national and regional multisectoral antimicrobial resistance standard surveillance protocols to curb both the
campylobacteriosis burden and increase of antimicrobial resistance in the region.
Description
Journal article
Keywords
Thermophilic Campylobacter Species
Citation
doi.org/10.1155/2020/2092478