In-feed use of heavy metal micronutrients in U.S. Swine production systems and its role in persistence of multidrug-resistant Salmonellae
dc.contributor.author | Medardus, J. J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Molla, B. Z. | |
dc.contributor.author | Nicol, M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Morrow, W. M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Rajala-Schultz, P. J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kazwala, R. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gebreyes, W. A. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-06-26T15:16:06Z | |
dc.date.available | 2018-06-26T15:16:06Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
dc.description | ASM News- American Society for Microbiology Vol. 80,2014 Number 7;p. 2317–2325 | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | The study aimed to characterize the role of heavy metal micronutrients in swine feed in emergence of heavy-metal-tolerant and multidrug-resistant Salmonella organisms. We conducted a longitudinal study in 36 swine barns over a 2-year period. The feed and fecal levels of Cu2+ and Zn2+ were measured. Salmonella was isolated at early and late finishing. MICs of copper sulfate and zinc chloride were measured using agar dilution. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method, and 283 isolates were serotyped. We amplified pcoA and czcD genes that encode Cu2+ and Zn2+ tolerance, respectively. Of the 283 isolates, 113 (48%) showed Cu2+ tolerance at 24 mM and 164 (58%) showed Zn2+ tolerance at 8 mM. In multivariate analysis, serotype and source of isolates were significantly associated with Cu2+ tolerance (P < 0.001). Fecal isolates were more likely to be Cu2+ tolerant than those of feed origin (odds ratio [OR], 27.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 to 250; P = 0.0042) or environmental origin (OR, 5.8), implying the significance of gastrointestinal selective pressure. Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Heidelberg, highly significant for public health, had higher odds of having >20 mM MICs of Cu2+ than did “other” serotypes. More than 60% of Salmonella isolates with resistance type (R-type) AmStTeKm (32 of 53) carried pcoA; only 5% with R-type AmClStSuTe carried this gene. czcD gene carriage was significantly associated with a higher Zn2+ MIC (P < 0.05). The odds of having a high Zn2+ MIC (≥8 mM) were 14.66 times higher in isolates with R-type AmClStSuTe than in those with R-type AmStTeKm (P < 0.05). The findings demonstrate strong association between heavy metal tolerance and antimicrobial resistance, particularly among Salmonella serotypes important in public health. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0044-7897 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/2450 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | ASM News- American Society for Microbiology | en_US |
dc.subject | Salmonella enterica serotypes | en_US |
dc.subject | Food-borne illness | en_US |
dc.subject | Multidrug-resistant | en_US |
dc.subject | Micronutrients | en_US |
dc.subject | U.S. Swine | en_US |
dc.subject | Swine Production | en_US |
dc.subject | Salmonellae | en_US |
dc.title | In-feed use of heavy metal micronutrients in U.S. Swine production systems and its role in persistence of multidrug-resistant Salmonellae | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.url | http://vet.osu.edu/global/vph-biotech-global -consortium. | en_US |
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