Department of Forest Resources Assessment and Management
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Browsing Department of Forest Resources Assessment and Management by Subject "Africa"
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Item Environmental flow assessment as a tool for achieving environmental objectives of African water policy, with examples from East Africa(International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2013) McClain, Michael E.; Kashaigili, Japhet J.; Ndomba, PreksedisAfrica has set ambitious targets for development of water resources over the coming decades. Africa Water Vision 2025 calls for a doubling of irrigated agriculture and a five-fold increase in water use for agriculture, industry, and hydropower. The ambitious development targets are framed in the context of integrated water resources management, which also seeks to simultaneously allocate sufficient water for environmental sustainability. Over the past two decades scientists have devised a number of practical and robust approaches to determine environmental water requirements in rivers and wetlands based on the objectives set in water planning. We review the most widely applied approaches to assess environmental flow requirements and consider their application in Africa through case studies in the transboundary Mara River basin of Kenya and Tanzania and the Great Ruaha River basin in Tanzania.Item Irrigating Africa: policy barriers and opportunities for enhanced productivity of smallholder farmers(International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2017-05-19) Mwamakamba, S. N.; Sibanda, L. M.; Pittock, J.; Stirzaker, R.; Bjornlund, H.; Rooyen, A. V.; Munguambe, P.; Mdemu, M. V.; Kashaigili, J. J.African governments have ambitious plans to expand irrigated agriculture, though existing smallholder schemes have largely failed to use land and water sustainably or become profitable. Six government-owned irrigation schemes in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe were assessed to identify common policy barriers and opportunities for higher productivity among smallholder farmers. Issues like insecure land tenure systems, unclear institutional arrangements and poor access to markets have contributed to limited profitability. Reform of currently insecure land tenure, strengthening farmer organizations and reforming policies are recommended so that governments step back from scheme management and foster market linkages to enable more profitable irrigated agriculture