Department of Forest Resources Assessment and Management
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Browsing Department of Forest Resources Assessment and Management by Subject "Adaptation"
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Item Lessons from the freshwater sector for climate change adaptation(SUA, 2009) Pittock, J.; Padgham, J.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Rodriguez, A.; Ebert, S.This paper assesses adaptation in the freshwater sector to derive lessons on what motivated societies to change, which factors led to more successful adaptation, and how interventions may best be sustained. We compared the lessons derived from three portfolios adaptation research projects, namely the WWF - ANU assessment of six developing country cases, Institute for Social & Environmental Transition (ISET) in South Asia and START’s adaptation research program Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC) globally. The key conclusions for more effective climate change adaptation are that: 1. Robust adaptation interventions that reduce key risks should commence now despite uncertainties as to the precise magnitude of climate impacts; 2. Sustainable development and adaptation measures can be compatible; 3. Adaptation should be mainstreamed, not implemented separately; 4. Strengthening key institutions, knowledge sharing, and building human resource capacities are crucial to effective adaptation; 5. Adaptation strategies are strengthened by: community ownership and subsidiarity; concurrent and linked action at different geopolitical scales and in different sectors; consistent funding; and long term, iterative programs; 6. National governments can best help by facilitating climate risk communication and knowledge sharing opportunities for adaptation; building adaptive management into their institutions and policies, mandating and supporting sub-national institutions; removing barriers to funding sub-national institutions; and allocating funding for adaptation.Item Socio-ecological resilience of people evicted for establishment of Uluguru Nature Reserve in Morogoro Region, Tanzania(Taylor & Francis, 2013-07-15) Nyenza, O. M.; Nzunda, E. F.; Katani, J. Z.Eviction of people for establishment of protected areas is often accompanied with negative consequences to the livelihoods of the evicted. This study assessed the eviction process and its effects on the socio-ecological resilience of the evicted, examined coping strategies for the evicted and analysed socio-economic factors that affected socio-ecological resilience of people evicted in 2008 for establishment of the Uluguru Nature Reserve in Morogoro, Tanzania. The results show that most of the evicted did not receive eviction notice prior to eviction nor proper training on how to cope with the eviction. There was also low involvement of the evicted in planning the eviction. Most of the evicted had low ability to reorganise themselves after the eviction. Following the eviction, the most frequently adopted coping strategy was the provision of casual labour. This resulted in reduced income and certainty of livelihood. Male respondents were better informed and better able to reorganise than female respondents. It is recommended that eviction planning should be participatory and include provision of appropriate prior information to the to-be evicted in a gender considerate manner in order to enhance their socio-ecological resilience in the face of eviction.Item Using soil-vegetation-atmosphere models and down scaled global climate scenarios to assess the impact of climate change in Morogoro region, Tanzania(Tropentag, 2010) Bobert, J.; Dietrich, O.; Dietz, J.; Festo, R.; Kashaigili, J.; Sieber, S.; Tscherning, K.ReACCT (Resilient Agro-landscapes to Climate Change in Tanzania) aims at assessing the regional impacts of climate change on agriculture and environment in the Morogoro region of Tanzania and at designing adaptation strategies and practices for small-scale agriculture and land use. The sub-project crop-soil modelling concentrates on model based estimations of climate change impacts on current land use systems and practices. At three research sites, distri- buted over the project region and with distinct climates, field trials are conducted to assess the yield potential of widely-used maize and sorghum varieties. The data obtained from the study are used to calibrate multiple soil-vegetation-atmosphere models ranging from rather simple to process-oriented models, which are able to simulate the bio-geophysical interactions between climate, soil and vegetation. These models are sensitive to changes concerning soil hydrology, nutrient cycling, and crop response to assess combined clima- te change and management effects on crop production, water resources and soil fertility. Combined with downscaled global climate scenarios, these models evaluate the best mana- gement practices for future climatic conditions. In another approach tested at sites at the Sokoine University in Morogoro the effects of including trees into the farming systems are investigated. Here the maize and sorghum varieties taken into account are cultivated at one site under standard conditions, whereas at the second site the plants are shaded by native Acacia trees. The effects of the shading on growth and development are measured in situ as well as the water use of trees and crops to quantify water competition between the plants. The interrelationship of these processes is modelled using the Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems (WaNuLCAS) model, which has been developed at the World Agroforestry Centre.