Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology
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Browsing Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology by Subject "Antibiotics"
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Item The emergence of antibiotic resistance in poultry farms(Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited, 2016-12-29) Kassem, I. K.; Helmy, Y. A.; Kashoma, I. P.; Rajashekara, G.The increasing human population and cognate demands on wholesome and nutritious foods have exerted an indelible impact on modern agricultural practices. In addition, producer and consumer awareness has shaped a modern agricultural stewardship that accounts for affordability without jeopardizing public health, resource conservation, animal health and humane farming ethos. Therefore, now more than ever, there is a need to optimize agricultural production to achieve sustainability and food security and safety. Indeed, this also applies to poultry production, which is continuously evolving in breadth and practice. For example, broiler farming has witnessed a continuous improvement, which is evidenced by producing heavier birds in shorter growth cycles. Specifically, a 1.13 kg chicken was produced in 112 days in 1925 in comparison to 70 days in 1950. As of 2010, production of a 2.27 kg chicken is possible in less than 50 days (Krishnasamy et al., 2015). The expansion in the poultry industry and consumer demand for animal proteins were also evident in a recent Census of Agriculture report that showed that there were 233 770 poultry farms in the United States in 2012. Furthermore, approximately 96.4 billion eggs, 8.69 billion broilers and 233 million turkeys were produced in 2015, and the combined value of production was estimated at $48 billion (United States Department of Agriculture, USDA, 2015).Item Prophylactic antibiotics in augmenting Surgical wound healing(TANZANIA VETERINARY ASSOCIATION, 2017) Werema, C. W.; Ndossi, D. G.Antibiotics are widely used in treatment of bacterial and protozoan diseases in both human and animals. In production animal systems, the overuse and abuse of antibiotics have contributed to the widespread of antimicrobial resistant bacterial strains and drug residues in food chain. Oxytetracycline for example is a common antibiotic employed for treating various bacterial diseases and wound infection. This study aimed at investigating the use of prophylactic antibiotics in augmenting surgical wound healing in animals. Sixty-four adult guinea pigs were employed in this study and randomly divided into four equal groups (n=16). Animals were fully anaesthetized using Xylazine 5.0 mg/kg and Ketamine 44.0 mg/kg. Laparotomy incisions (3 cm long) were made on aseptically prepared sites on the ventral abdomen. The abdominal muscles and peritoneum were sutured by CatgutĀ® while SilkĀ® was used to suture the skin. Animals in group one received Oxytetracycline intramuscular injection two hours before the operation; group two were injected with OTC immediately after the operation; group three received OTC spray on the wound immediately after the procedure; and group four animals were left untreated to serve as the control group. Animals were monitored for two weeks where general appearance and wound contraction was recorded. The wounds in pre-operative group healed faster (7 days), followed by topical group (10 days). Wounds in post-operative and control groups had delayed healing and showed evidence of infection. The study showed that prophylactic antibiotics administration pre-operatively minimize post-operative wound infection and promotes healing.