Department of Crop Science and Horticulture
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Browsing Department of Crop Science and Horticulture by Subject "Aflatoxin contamination"
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Item Factors influencing aflatoxin contamination in maize at harvest and during storage in Kongwa district, Tanzania(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2017) Mohamed, M.The factors influencing aflatoxin contamination in maize at harvest and during storage in three villages of Manungu, Mlanga and Kongwa in Kongwa district, Dodoma region, Tanzania, were investigated in the year 2015/2016. The villages were chosen as they were major maize producers and suppliers to the international Kibaigwa grain market located in this area. The number of maize samples analyzed were 91. Twenty three samples were taken during harvest and stored for 90 and 180 days in Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags and polypropylene bags. At harvest (30% (7 out of 23) of maize samples were contaminated with aflatoxins. After storage for 90 days of storage 41% (13 out of 32) of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxins while after 180 days of storage, 67% (12 out of 36 samples) were contaminated with aflatoxins. Aflatoxin contamination in all maize samples was above maximum tolerable limit of 10 µg/kg by East African Standards, thus posing a health hazard to consumers. Parameter estimates from generalized linear model (GENMOD) indicated that total aflatoxins increase with time and the concentration was 13.12, 14.75 and 19.39 µg/kg at day 0, 90 and after 180 days of storage, respectively. The effects associated with higher aflatoxin contamination in post harvest management practices were storage duration, storage type, sorting, treatment of stores and treatment of crops. The storage technique with high risk of aflatoxin development was polypropylene bags without pesticides treatment. Maize stored in polyethylene bags (uncontrolled) for 180 days showed increase in aflatoxin levels with mean value of 19. 06 µg/kg. Low aflatoxin was related to the use of insecticides, sorting and use of Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags (PICS) with a mean of 5.4 µg/kg at 180 days. Proper pesticide application reduces the likelihood for infestation, while the use of improved bags (PICS) had shown minimum/low increased levels of aflatoxin contamination in maize.Item A review of selected preharvest management options of aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of maize in Tanzania(International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 2022) Tito, Goodluck P; Mugula, Jovin K; Madege, Richard RaphaelMaize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food in Tanzania, but it is often susceptible to aflatoxin contamination caused by the Aspergillus flavus fungi. Aflatoxin contamination in crops is influenced by insufficient knowledge of pre-harvest management practices. Due to the toxic nature of aflatoxins, their proportions and concentrations in various food ingredients are subject to strict regulations in developed countries. The contamination resulting from aflatoxins remains one of the critical mycotoxin challenges in Tanzania because it affects food safety, security, trade, and human health. Either, an integrated combination of intervention measures such as biocontrol is the perfect strategy for sustainable reduction of A. flavus and aflatoxin production in maize. This paper explores several agricultural approaches that potentially reduce aflatoxins production in maize. Selected bio-controls such as Trichoderma spp and Atoxigenic A.flavus are among these strategies. The anticipation of this appraisal is to stimulate improvement of the existing aflatoxin management methods and inventions to exploit their effectiveness in managing toxigenic A.flavus and Aflatoxin production at harvest.