Browsing by Author "Tryphone,George Muhamba"

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Exploring agro-ecological significance, knowledge gaps, and research priorities in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
(Frontiers in Microbiology, 2024-11) Mwampashi,Lenganji Lackson; Aneth, Japhet Magubika; Ringo,Job Frank; Theonest,, Dickson J.; Tryphone,George Muhamba; Chilagane,Luseko Amos; Nassary,Eliakira Kisetu
This systematic review examines the global agricultural relevance and practical environmental implications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) within the phylum Glomeromycota. Following PRISMA guidelines, ensuring a comprehensive and unbiased literature review, a literature search was conducted, focusing on the functional roles of AMF in enhancing crop productivity, nutrient uptake, and soil health. Key findings reveal that AMF contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and increasing plant resilience to environmental stressors like drought, salinity, or pest resistance. The review highlights the importance of AMF in forming symbiotic relationships with plants, which enhance nutrient absorption and improve soil structure, showcasing long-term benefits such as reduced erosion or improved water retention. However, the current literature lacks in-depth exploration of the taxonomy and evolutionary aspects of AMF, as well as the specific functional roles they play in different agricultural contexts, e.g., understanding evolution could enhance strain selection for specific crops. This review identifies several urgent research gaps, including a need for a more refined understanding of AMF community dynamics under varying land management practices. For example, there are gaps in and a critical evaluation of advanced molecular techniques. Such techniques are essential for studying these interactions. Addressing these gaps will enhance the integration of AMF into sustainable agricultural systems and improve ecosystem management practices across different geographical regions. Future research should prioritize developing precise molecular imaging techniques and optimizing AMF applications for different crops and soil types to maximize their ecological and agricultural benefits. This could be practical through interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g., involving molecular biologists, agronomists, etc.). In conclusion, this review advances the practical application of AMF in agriculture and its contribution to biodiversity conservation in agroecosystems. Integrating these findings into policy frameworks could encourage sustainable farming practices, promote the adoption of AMF inoculants, and foster incentives for environmentally friendly land management strategies
Incorporation of resistance to angular leaf spot and bean common mosaic necrosis virus diseases into adapted common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotype in Tanzania
(African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012-07-03) Chilagane,Luseko Amos; Tryphone,George Muhamba; Protas, Deogracious; Kweka, Elisiana; Kusolwa, Paul Mbogo; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan
Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola and Bean common mosaic and necrosis virus (BCMV/BCMNV) are important diseases of common bean in Tanzania that can cause severe yield reduction when uncontrolled. This study was conducted to incorporate resistant genes for ALS and BCMV/BCMNV diseases into adapted, market class and farmers and consumers preferred bean genotype using marker assisted selection. The parents Mexico 54 and UBR(25)95 donor of Phg-2 and I/bc-3 genes for ALS and BCMV/BCMNV, respectively were used for the recipient being Kablanketi. In selection, SCAR markers SNO2, ROC11 and SW13 linked to Phg-2, bc-3 and I gene, respectively were used. A parallel backcrossing (modified double cross) procedure was used. The F1, F2 and backcrosses from single crosses were characterized. The Chi square values for ALS were 0.081 (P<0.776) and 0.017 (P<0.896) and for BCMNV were 1.609 (P<0.205) and 1.2 (P<0.273) for molecular and phenotypic screening, respectively. The resistance to ALS and BCMNV was found to be monogenic and the genes involved are dominant and recessive, respectively. The heritability of ALS was found to be high (0.772) implying that selection for ALS can be done early in segregating populations. High correlation values, r = 0.741 and 0.624 for ALS and BCMNV, were obtained between phenotypic and molecular data, indicating high reliability for markers. In selection, it was possible to select lines with multiple disease resistances. This work signified the use of MAS for multiple gene screening.