Browsing by Author "Skaare, J.U"

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    Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants in Northern Tanzania and their distribution between breast milk, maternal blood, placenta and cord blood. Environmental Research
    (ELSEVIER, 2019) Müller, M.H.B; Polder, A; Brynildsrud, O.B; Grønnestad, R; Karimi, M; Lie, E; Manyilizu, W.B; Mdegela, R.H; Mokiti, F; Murtadha, M; Nonga, H.E; Skaare, J.U; Solhaug, A; Lyche, J.L
    Human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) begins during pregnancy and may cause adverse health effects in the fetus or later in life. The present study aimed to assess prenatal POPs exposure to Tanzanian infants and evaluate the distribution of POPs between breast milk, maternal blood, placenta and cord blood. For assessment of prenatal exposure, 48 maternal blood samples from Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital (MMRRH), Arusha Tanzania, were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), dioxin-like (DL) activity and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs). For evaluation of POPs distribution between maternal/infant compartments, breast milk, placenta and cord blood corresponding to the maternal blood were analyzed for OCPs, PCBs and BFRs. In maternal blood, p,p ́- DDE was detected in 100% of the samples ranging between 29 and 1890 ng/g lipid weight (lw). PCB-153 was the only PCB detected in maternal blood, with detection rate of 29% and concentrations up to 116 ng/g lw. BDE-47 was detected in 65% of the maternal blood samples, ranging between
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    Vitellogenin in African Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Purification, Characterization, and Elisa Development
    (2009-01-30) Braathen, M; Mdegela, R. H.; Correia, D; Rundberget, T; Myburgh, J; Botha, C; Skaare, J.U; Sandvik, M
    Vitellogenin (Vtg) induction in African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was assessed in order to develop a method for monitoring estrogenic pollution in African freshwater systems. Clarias gariepinus Vtg (Cg-Vtg) was purified from serum obtained from 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2)-exposed fish and polyclonal antibodies against Cg-Vtg were raised. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and the induction and kinetics of Vtg were assessed in male fish in three different exposure trials using both natural estrogen (17a-estradiol [E2]) and synthetic EE2. Concentrations of EE2 in water and levels of EE2 conjugates in bile were quantified by liquid chromatography– mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, co-administration of E2 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were studied. Vtg was induced in all exposure trials and the maximum induction was observed 1 wk after exposure. Exposure of male C. gariepinus to 1.4, 2.7, and 13.9 mg/ml EE2 induced Vtg synthesis at all concentrations. BaP did not influence the Vtg kinetics. However, an increased rate of biliary excretion of EE2 was observed when BaP was additionally administered. In conclusion, Vtg is induced in male C. gariepinus after exposure to both E2 and EE2, rendering it a suitable biomarker for endocrine-disrupting chemicals in African freshwater systems.