Browsing by Author "Selemani, Ismail S."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

The effects of a deferred grazing system on rangeland vegetation in a north-western, semi-arid region of Tanzania
(Taylor & Francis, 2013-10-15) Selemani, Ismail S.; Eik, Lars O.; Holand, Øystein; Ådnøy, Tormod; Mtengeti, Ephraim; Mushi, Daniel
The present study assessed the effects of deferred grazing management on rangeland condition using aboveground biomass, vegetation cover and species composition as indicators of range condition. The experi- ment was based on traditionally conserved exclosures (ngitili). Data were collected in Shinyanga rural and Meatu districts, Tanzania, from October to November 2011. Five grazing strategies were compared: old private ngitili, young private ngitili, old communal ngitili, young communal ngitili and continuously grazed land. Aboveground biomass was significantly higher in old private ngitili than continuously grazed land, but there was no significant difference in amount of biomass between communal ngitili and continuously grazed land. The mean percentage basal cover was significantly higher in ngitili than continuously grazed land. The duration of protection (old ngitili compared with young ngitili) was not found to have any significant influence on both aboveground herbaceous biomass production and basal cover. The Shannon–Wiener index and Simpson index of diversity revealed no significant differences in species diversity among the different strategies. Both the continuously grazed land and communal ngitili were generally in poor condition and a special rehabilitation programme for improvement of these fragile grazing lands should be investigated.
Sustainable Agriculture Intensification, Extension and Advisory Services and Institutional Approaches in Africa
(INNOVAFRICA, 2018-07) Ahmad, Athman K.; Bosena, Tegegne; Sanga, Camilus A.; Mwaseba, Dennis L.; Njarui, Donald; Hundessa, Feyisa; Gatheru, M.; Gichangi, A. W.; Gichangi, E. M.; Selemani, Ismail S.; Mignouna, Jacob; Tuyisenge, Jacqueline; Jessica, N.; Hella, Joseph P.; Kibebew, Kibret; Dusengemungu, Leonidas; Katundu, Mangani; Mahreteab, Tesfai; Mengistu, Ketema; Modiselle, M. E.; Mafunanji, Magalasi; Muhammad, L. W.; Mupenzi, Mutimura; Murage, A. W.; Myeni, L.; Nigussie, Dachassa; Amuri, Nyambilila; Westengen, Ola; Guthiga, Paul; Sita, Ghimire; Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan; Lemma, Tesfaye; Thavhana, M. P.; Tsubo, M.; Ndolo, Victoria
The first part of this report gives an overview of the state of agriculture and food and nutrition security (FNS) challenges for Africa in general and in particular for sub saharan Africa (SSA). Further, the report briefly assessed the general performance of the four dimensions of FNS in SSA. It also outlines the policy responses and programmes by the African governments towards achieving FNS. This was followed by describing the concept of various forms of sustainable intensification systems including the sustainable agriculture intensification systems (SAIs), agriculture extension and advisory services (EASs) and innovative institutional approaches (IIAs). In general, Part I of this report reviews the various agriculture technologies, extension and institutions approaches implemented and promoted in the past and present in Africa and other relevant regions of the world. A detailed descriptions is provided in the second part of this report by six case study countries of the InnovAfrica project.
The ecological characterization of Kongwa weed (Astripomoea hyoscyamoides) in Kongwa district
(Rangeland Society of Tanzania (RST), 2023) Yacob, Lusamila; Selemani, Ismail S.; Sangeda, Anthony Z.
Kongwa weed (Astripomoea hyoscyamoides) is a noxious weed that is known to reduce the productivity of both livestock and crops in the semi-arid areas of central Tanzania. Despite the known negative effects of the weed, its ecological characteristics is less documented. The current study characterized the ecological features of the weed in relation to land use and soil properties. The study used range inventory approach to assess influence of land use types and soil textural classes on abundance and growth of kongwa weed. Results revealed that Kongwa weed was significantly higher in grazing land compared to other land uses which was attributed to the effect of heavy grazing. The low species diversity and evenness in the grazing land was also associated to the dominance of Kongwa weed. On the other hand, low abundance of weed in bush land was attributed to limited light intensity as result of increased woody canopy. It was found that Kongwa weed preferred acidic soils (with the pH of 5.35 recorded from grazing land) that are compacted (with bulk density of 1.57g/100m3) and composed of low organic matter/carbon (0.93% recorded from grazing land). Nevertheless, low growth rate of weed in clay soil could probably due the notable high bulky density that lower infiltration rate. The study recommended further research to investigate effect of grazing management and fertilization on growth and dominance of Kongwa weed under different soil types.