Browsing by Author "Mongo, Cellina Lucas"

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Influence of forestland tenure regimes on forest resource condition and livelihoods in Babati District, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2013) Mongo, Cellina Lucas
Forestland tenure regime has wide ranging implications on resource condition and livelihoods of forest adjacent communities. Historically, state forestland tenure regime was dominant in Tanzania, but the current move is towards allocating forests on general land to villages. However, there is little information on the influence of forestland tenure on resource condition and livelihoods. This study aimed at analysing the influence of forestland tenure regimes on forest resource condition and livelihoods in Bereku and Haraa Forest Reserves and Riroda and Bubu Village land Forest Reserves in Babati District. Specifically the study assessed the influence of state and communal tenure regimes on vegetation cover changes, forest stocking, tree diversity, removals and livelihoods. Primary data were obtained through interpretation of satellite images, forest inventory and questionnaires. The results on forest vegetation cover classification between 1993 and 2009; showed that forests under state forestland tenure regime had a higher proportion of closed woodland than communal forestland tenure regime (83 and 84% against 74 and 68% in 1993). The annual rate of change from closed woodland to other vegetation classes was higher in communal forestland tenure regime (-9.3 and -6.1% against -1.1 and -0.1% between 1993 and 2000). The findings further revealed that number of stems were higher in state forestland tenure regime with a highest mean of 1134±256 against 1015±216 stems ha-1. Likewise, basal area was higher in state forestland tenure (15.0±1.8 m2ha-1 against 11.35±2.13 m2ha-1) compared to communal forestland tenure. Species diversity index H‟ was higher in forests under state forestland tenure regime and the index of dominance D‟ was low in state tenure regime indicating a stable structure in state forestland tenure. Disturbance level was higher in communal forestland tenure regime with a mean removal of 101±28 stems ha-1. Access to natural capital was highest in communal forestland tenure regime. Forestland tenure regime was found to be one of the institutional factors constraining household dependence on forest income. Albeit other factors like location of the forest, agroforestry practice and income diversification, there was sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypotheses. The study recommends creation of buffer zone forests for villagers with limited user rights.
Socio-economic analysis of production options of the buffer zone (half-mile forest strip) around mount Kilimanjaro catchment forest reserve, Tanzania
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2007) Mongo, Cellina Lucas
The Half Mile Forest Strip (HMFS) around Mt Kilimanjaro has for a long time been the most important buffer zone to Mt Kilimanjaro ecosystem. The strip was set aside in 1941 with emphasis on production of wood and non wood forest products for local use. Rising demands for these products from the forest called for socio-economic analysis and review of the production options on the strip. The aerial survey done in year 2001 revealed that the strip was not managed effectively to the extent of increasing the level of threats to the forest belt. As the width of the strip cannot be increased, there is a need for maximum utilization of the available land, by employing profitable production options. The overall objective of the study was to analyze economic returns of various production options on the strip. Specifically the study aimed at identifying the current forest land use options; identifying and estimating costs and benefits of current production options and proposed suitable options for production and conservation of the buffer strip. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires conducted in four villages of the three districts. Land use options were obtained through visual interpretation of satellite images and benefits of the options were achieved by calculating Net Present Value (NPV) and Land Expectation Value (LEV). Results from the study indicates that at a real discounting factor of 10.2%, the actual NPV and LEV obtained from managing one hectare of land for beekeeping was US$ 617.3 and 747.4 respectively. Growing and selling christmas trees gave NPV and LEV of US$ 3741.8 and 4878.2 respectively while pine plantations provided NPV and LEV of US$ 141.2 and 154.9 correspondingly. Sensitivity analyses revealed that all the three options were economically efficient under a wide range of alternatives of varying inputs and discount rates. Although the pine alternative had the lowest returns, but its associated “taungya” farming (growing trees with agricultural crops) has shown to be very important component in farmers’ additional income and food security, in this essence, this option is profitable to both the district authority and the communities while natural vegetation along rivers conserve the catchment value and used for beekeeping activity which does not involve tree harvesting, thus maximizing production and conservation.