Browsing by Author "Mdetele, Daniel"

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Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in the wildlife-livestock interface and non-interface areas in Tanzania
(ROAVS, 2015) Mdetele, Daniel; Kassanga, Christopher; Seth, Misago; Kayunze, Kim
A cross sectional study was conducted in the Serengeti ecosystem (wildlife-livestock interface) and central part of Tanzania (non-interface) area to determine the prevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Serengeti, Bunda, Kongwa and Iramba Districts. Seroprevalence investigation using 3ABC–ELISA technique indicated that the overall prevalence of antibodies against FMD virus was 66.3%. Significantly high prevalence was recorded in wildlife- livestock interface areas (71.5%) compared to non-interface areas (61.0%). District-wise, higher prevalence was recorded in Kongwa district (89.0%) followed by Serengeti (78.0%), Bunda (65.0%) and Iramba (33.0%). Species- wise, higher prevalence was found in bovines (69.8%), ovines (52.4%) and caprines (11.1%). From various risk factors, ecosystem distribution (X 2 = 4.9308, p = 0.0264) and species distribution (X 2 = 28.3236, P = 0.0001), the results indicated that FMD is highly prevalent in wildlife-livestock interface areas than in non-interface areas. However, uncontrolled livestock movement in Kongwa District resulted into much higher FMD prevalence than in districts where there is wildlife-livestock interface. The presence of antibodies against FMD virus in species other than cattle revealed that there is a need to consider other species in planning for FMD control.
Socio-economic impact of foot and mouth disease in wildlife- livestock interface and non-interface of Tanzania
(2015) Mdetele, Daniel; Seth, Misago; Kayunze, Kim; Kasanga, Christopher
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is still one of the major trans-boundary animal diseases (TADs) in Tanzania. The disease is an obstacle to development of the livestock sector because it adversely affect livestock production and trade of animals and animal products. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Serengeti ecosystem (Wildlife- livestock Interface) and in the Central part of Tanzania (Non-interface) with the aim of assessing the social and economic impacts of FMD among livestock keepers in the two ecosystems. Forty households were selected, 10 from each district and to each household, a structured questionnaire was administered. The results showed that, the social impacts due to, FMD outbreaks include food insecurity (85.0%), failure to meet education costs (90.0%) and medical costs (77.5%). The observed economic impacts of FMD were losses associated with treatment costs (87.5%), milk productivity (85.0%), draught power (80.0%), livestock market loss (67.5), lower weight gain (60.0%), lower fertility (37.5%), abortion (35.0%), death of animals (25.0%) and vaccine supply cost (2.5%). Statistically, there were no significant differences in observed impacts of FMD among livestock keepers from wildlife-livestock interface and those from the non-interface. The study found no significant difference in opinion among livestock keepers from wildlife-livestock interface and non-interface areas as well as among study districts on foot-and mouth-disease impacts. Higher percentages in case responses on social impacts and economic losses indicated magnitude of the problem and feelings of livestock keepers about FMD. However, lower percentage in case response on vaccine supply cost indicated that there is no control of FMD by vaccination.