Browsing by Author "Madsen, J."

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Assessment on the availability of cattle and feeds for quality beef production in Tanzanian
(ENRECA IGMAFU, 2008) Nandonde, S.W.; Tarimo, M.; Laswai, G.H.; Mgheni, D.M.; Mtenga, L.A.; Kimambo, A.E.; Madsen, J.; Hvelplund, T.; Weisbjerg, M.R.
Growing demand for quality beef has motivated livestock keepers to finish cattle under feedlot. However, there is no reliable information on feed and animal resources that could sustainably support beef fattening in Tanzania.
Carcass and meat quality characteristics of indigenous cattle in Tanzania
(EGERTON UNIVERSITY, KENYA ., 2010) Mwilawa, A. J.; Kimambo, A. E.; Mtenga, L. A.; Laswai, G. H.; Madsen, J.; Hvelplund, T.; Weisbjerg, M. R.; Christensen, M.; Mgheni, D.M.
Seventy two Tanzania indigenous cattle (36 Boran steers; 2-3 years old; initial liveweight 225 kg and 36 Tanzania Short Horn Zebu (TSHZ); 3-4 years old; initial liveweight 117 kg) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments to study the effects of breed, diet and ageing time on carcass and meat quality characteristics. Animals were fed three different diets: grazing alone (Diet 1: control), control + 50 % ad libitum concentrate intake (Diet 2) and ad libitum hay + ad libitum concentrate intake (Diet 3). The concentrate contained 126 g CP and 13 MJ ME per kg DM. The steers were fattened for 90 days, slaughtered, and carcass and meat quality assessed. Boran had heavier (P<0.05) empty body weight, carcass weight and greater rib area than TSHZ (242 vs. 192 kg; 132 vs. 108 kg and 56 vs. 47 cm2). Animals fed diet 3 had higher (P<0.05) dressing percentage, carcass fat thickness, conformation score and normal meat colour score (54%; 2 cm; 12; 2.9) followed by Diet 2 (51%; 0.9 cm; 9; 3.7 and lastly Diet 1 (47%; 0.6 cm; 7; 4.4). In addition, longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from animals fed Diet 3 had the lowest (P<0.05) shear force (45 N) indicating very tender meat whereas LD from animals fed diet 1 had the highest value (60 N) indicating less tender meat. Increasing post-mortem storage time from 2 up to 20 days decreased (P<0.05) shear force by 65%. It is concluded that both Boran and TSHZ cattle obtained acceptable range of meat quality values and that tender meat can be produced from indigenous cattle through feedlot finishing and post-mortem storage at refrigerated temperatures
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses or maize grain with rice or maize by-products
(Elsevier Inc., 2015-11-03) Asimwe, L.; Kimambo, A.E.; Laswai, G.H.; Mtenga, L.A.; Weisbjerg, M.R.; Madsen, J.; Mushi, D.E.
Forty five steers (2.5–3.0 years of age and 200 7 5 (SEM) kg body weight) were allotted randomly into five diets to assess the effects of finishing Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSZ) cattle in feedlot using diets based on either molasses or maize grain combined with maize or rice by-products. The diets were hay and concentrate mixtures of hominy feed with molasses (HFMO), rice polishing with molasses (RPMO), hominy feed with maize meal (HFMM), rice polishing with maize meal (RPMM) and a control of maize meal with molasses (MMMO). All concentrate mixtures contained cotton seed cake, mineral mixture, salt and urea. Both hay and concentrate were fed ad libitum and with free access to drinking water for 90 days. Feed intake, body weights and carcass characteristics were recorded. The daily total dry matter intake (DMI, kg/day) was greater (Po 0.05) in molasses based diets (7.64 for RPMO and 7.35 for HFMO) than in maize grain based diets (6.94, 6.73 and 6.19 for RPMM, MMMO and HFMM, respectively). Energy intake was highest (P o0.05) in HFMO (86 MJ/day) and lowest in RPMM (69 MJ/day). Crude protein intake was highest in HFMO (867 g/day) and lowest in RPMO (725 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (kg feed DMI/kg gain) was lower (P o0.05) for steers fed on HFMM (7.87) and HFMO (8.09) than those fed on MMMO (10.4), RPMM (11.0) and RPMO (11.5). Steers fed on HFMO had the highest (Po 0.05) daily weight gain (919 g/day), total weight gain (83 kg), final live weight (283 kg), empty body weight (268 kg) and hot carcass weight (151 kg). The proportion of internal fat to empty body weight (2.7%) in steers fed on HFMO was higher (P o0.05) than those from other diets. Nevertheless, all carcasses showed relatively high fat cover (1.1–1.6 cm). It is concluded that agro-processing by products are good feed resources for finishing TSZ cattle in feedlots with formulations based on molasses being superior over those based on maize meal, and hominy feed being superior over rice polishing. A combination of molasses and hominy feed (HFMO) could be used successfully as an alternative to maize meal in finishing TSZ cattle in feedlot.
Influence of age and method of carcass suspension on meat quality attributes of pure bred Ankole bulls
(Elsevier B.V., 2014-09-09) Kamatara, K.; Mpairwe, D.; Christensen, M.; Eskildsen, C.E.; Mutetikka, D.; Muyonga, J.; Mushi, D.; Omagor, S.; Nantongo, Z.; Madsen, J.
This study investigated the effect of age at slaughter, pre-rigour carcass suspension and their interaction on meat quality of longissimus dorsi from Ankole bulls. Ankole bulls (45) were evenly distributed into three age groups (2, 3 or 5 years). Immediately after slaughter, carcasses were weighed, halved and sides were either suspended in the Achilles tendon or pelvic bone until 48 h postmortem. Carcass weights, grades and fat scores increased (P o 0.001) with increasing age. Pelvic suspended sides had lower (P o0.001) chilling and cooking loss than Achilles-suspended sides across all age groups. Collagen solubility decreased (Po 0.001), while shear force increased (P o 0.001) with increasing age. Pelvic suspension decreased shear force across all age groups and the decrease was more pronounced in 5 year old bulls. The present study indicates that pelvic suspension is beneficial in eliminating the age-induced increase in toughness in longissimus thoracis from Ankole bulls.
Meat yield and quality of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses/maize grain with agro-processing by-products in 90 days feedlot period
(Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 2016) Asimwe, L.; Kimambo, A.; Laswai, G.; Mtenga, L.; Weisbjerg, M.; Madsen, J.; Safari, J.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding molasses or maize grain with agro-processing by-products on yield and quality of meat from Tanzania shorthorn zebu (TSZ) cattle. Forty five steers aged 2.5 to 3.0 years with 200±5.4 kg body weight were allocated into five dietary treatments namely hominy feed with molasses (HFMO), rice polishing with molasses (RPMO), hominy feed with maize meal (HFMM), rice polishing with maize meal (RPMM) and maize meal with molasses (MMMO). Ad libitum amount of each dietary treatment and hay were offered to nine steers for 90 days. Cooking loss (CL) and Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values were determined on M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum aged for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. Steers fed on HFMO diet had higher (P < 0.05) nutrient intake (86.39 MJ/d energy; 867 g/d CP), weight gain (919 g/d) and half carcass weight (75.8 kg) than those fed other diets. Meat of steers from all diets was tender with average WBSF values of 47.9 Ncm−2. The CL (22.0±0.61%) and WBSF (53.4± 0.70 N cm−2) were highest in meat aged for 3 days followed by 6, 9 and 12 days. WBSF values for meat aged for 9 and 12 days from steers fed HFMO and RPMM diets were similar and lower than those on other dietary treatments× aging periods. Overall, molasses and hominy feed can be used to replace maize meal in feedlot finishing diets to spare its use in animal feeds.
Predicting of maximum forage intake capacity in cattle from degradability characteristics, passage rate and rumen pool size of NDF
(2005) Mgheni, D.M.; Weisbjerg, M.R.; Kimambo, A.E.; Hvelplund, T.; Madsen, J.; Mtenga, L.A.
An experiment (5 x 5 Latin Square) was conducted to estimate the physical fill of tropical forages and maximum intake capacity of five mature non-pregnant crossbred dairy heifers kept under zero grazing system. Five (5) forages [Brachiaria brizantha hay (BH), Maize (Zea mays) silage (MS), Lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (LH), Lucerne and grass hay (LGH) and urea-treated rice straw (UTRS)) were used. The forages were fed as sole diets ad libitum with only minerals and vitamins supplements. Water was provided all the time and measured daily. Voluntary feed intake (VFJ) and faecal output were measured for seven days. Degradability characteristics were obtained in situ using the nylon bag technique. Rumen pool size of NDF was measured by rumen evacuation technique. Passage rates were calculated based on faecal output and rumen pool size of NDF. There was a marked difference (P<0. 000l) between the rate and extent at which NDF for tropical forages was degraded. The rate of passage (% h-1) was different (P<0.03) between forage diets with values ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 for MS and UTRS, respectively. Rumen pool sizes of NDF were different (P<0.01) between forage diets and weighed 4.8, 3.8, 4.7, 5.2 and 4.5 kg for BH, MS, LH, LGH and UTRS, respectively. Fill (days) also varied between forage diets and ranged from 1.4 for UTRS to 1.8 for MS. The intake capacity of animals for NDF were different (P<0.01), highest in animals fed LGH (5.0 kg-1) and lowest in animals fed MS 3.1 kg-1). Using predicted NDF intake (PNDFJ) based on NDF degradability characteristics and passage rates derived from faecal output and rumen pool size of NDF, good prediction of dry matter intake was obtained (R2 = 0.70). It was concluded that a system of describing the physical fill of NDF in tropical forages could be used to predict VFI in cattle.