Browsing by Author "Madoffe, S. S."
Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
Item Cyanosoils project site and soil characterization(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2002) Msanya, B. M.; Kimaro, D. N.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Semu, E.; Madoffe, S. S.; Mvena, Z. K. S.The objective of the study was to select sites for the Cyanosoils project and to characterize the soils on which experiments will be carried out. Through field visits and studies three sites were identified and described in Morogoro Urban and Mvomero Districts. Soil profiles were excavated, described and sampled for laboratory analyses.Item The effect of clay on the persistence of BTi toxicity against mosquito larvae in Morogoro, Tanzania IA(2001) Kilonzo, B. S.; Madoffe, S. S.; Maliondo, S. M. S.; Msanya, B. M.; Mabagalla, R.; Kitojo, D. H.Laboratory colonies of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were reared from parental larvae obtained from the Ifakara Health Research Centre and septic tanks ill Morogoro Municipality respectively. Water ponds (1M3 ) were constructed at selected sites and left open for mosquitoes to breed ill freely. Various concentrations of Bti crystals were-mixed with varying concentrations of clay and tested against third instar larvae of each species at various periods of time post-preparation. A total of 60 larvae (20 x 3) were exposed to each mixture in the laboratory, and each- experiment was replicated four times. Mortality rates were recorded after 241t. exposure. The observations revealed that for every concentration of Bti crystals used, the toxicity on both species of mosquitoes was less persistent in crystal/clay mixtures than in crystals alone. It was also shown that such persistence was much less in mixtures containing large concentrations of clay (5mg/ml) titan in those containing low concentrations (0.05 - 0.5 mg/ml) of clay. It wasfurther observed th at the toxicity against Culex and Anopheles larvae was more persistent in mixtures containing higher concentrations of Bti crystals (0.12 - 0.3 ug/ml) titan ill those containing low concentrations (0.03 - 0.06 ug/ml) of the toxin. Furthermore, it was observed that C. quinquefasciatus larvae succumbed to Bti crystal/clay mixtures for longer periods titan A. gambiae larvae. It was generally concluded that clays have 11 negative impact on the persistence of Bti toxicity against mosquito larvae and th at such impact is more significant in mixtures containing large concentrations clay. It was also concluded that despite the environmental friendliness of Bti, its applicability by communities is limited in view of its short persistence when it is adsorbed to tropical soils which are found in most natural mosquito breeding sites.Item Indigenous plant uses and use values in Uluguru mountains, Morogoro, Tanzania(Nature Kenya/East African Natural History Society, 2006) Wilfred, P.; Madoffe, S. S.; Luoga, E. J.To assess plant uses and use values in Uluguru Mountains a study was carried out using household surveys and interviews on various uses of the plants. Descriptive statistics and use-value analysis techniques were used in data analysis. Of the plant species identified, 92% were used for fuel wood and 83% were used for construction materials. A significant difference in use values among the species was realized. Newtonia buchananii had the highest use value of 2.81 where as Piper capense had the lowest use value of 0.08. Villagers know which tree species are best for building poles or good as fuel wood, which wild fruits are edible and which are good for medicine. This knowledge is an important ingredient in the ongoing effort to reverse the trend of environmental degradation in the area.Item The potential of classical biological control against leucaena psylid, heteropsylla cubana crawford in eastern Tanzania(2000) Madoffe, S. S.; Mhando, L.; Day, R. K.; Nshubemuki, L.The Leucaena psyllid HeteropsyHa cubana Crawford (Homoptera: Psyl/idae) has ~aused damaging ef fects to Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in Tanzania since its outbreak in 1992. Cultural, genetic and chemical controls havebel!n tried in some localised areas. In 1995, a hymenopterous parasitoids, Tamarixia leucaenae Boucek (Eupelmidae) was imported from Trinidad and Tobago for biological control of this pest in Tanga and Morogoro areas. Mummies of the parasitoid were recordedfrom the sixth week after release. The population declined to the lowest level between November 1995 and January 1996 before building-up again to about 10 and 11 mummies per shoot in July for Tanga and Morogogro respectively. Spread of the parasitoidwas fairly fast, and at about 16 months afterrelease it had covered over 300 Ian from the release sites. The spread and population build up indicates that this species has been established in Eastern Tanzania. In spite of declining shoot damage at about ten months after parasitoid release, it is probably too early to associate it with the parasitoid. Shoot damage was found to be more closely correlated to laboratory nymph count (r = 0.52) than to field nymph shoot numbers (r =\0.35). Several potential indigenous natural enemies were recorded in association with the psy/lid; however, their role as biological control agents needs further quantification.Item Preliminary Assessment of Forest Structure, Management and Carbon Stocking in Tanzania Miombo Woodland(Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation Programme, SUA, 2012) Madoffe, S. S.; Rija, A. A.; Midtgaard, F.; Katani, J. Z.; Mbeyale, G. E.; Zahabu, E.; Christopher, B.Wildfires are critical in miombo forests across the African continent causing loss of biodiversity, human properties and increasing climate change impacts. Within a broader project which seeks to develop a strategy to reduce wildfires in miombo woodlands of Tanzania, we report on the preliminary findings based on initial field data collected in situ to set a baseline for further work. The project covers three miombo biomes in three districts (Handeni, Kilosa and Kilwa) in Eastern Tanzania covering nine forest reserves managed under different authorities namely, central government, local districts and village communities. The aim of the current study were therefore, to describe species composition and structure of the forest communities, profile initial carbon stock in trees, herbaceous layer and soil within permanent survey plots, in effort to examine the potential of using fire reduction strategy as a potential tool of carbon sequestration in miombo woodlands.. The research team used permanent forest plots to collect vegetation and soil data. Simlarly available models were used to estimate carbon stocking. More than 200 species of trees and shrubs totaling 506 individual trees (dbh >4 cm) were recorded and Kilosa site contributed the largest proportion (40.7%) to the tree abundance total. This was followed closely by Kilwa (35.6%) and Handeni (20.7%). Species richness and diversity varied considerably within and between the study sites. Kilwa had the highest species richness and Handeni the lowest. Analysis of community assemblages revealed strongly distinct forest communities both at local and regional level between Kilwa and other sites. Carbon stocks in trees and soil were significantly different among sites and were higher than previously reported for other miombo woodland elsewhere in Tanzania. On the average tree carbon ranged from 21.42-44.12t/ha, the highest stock reported in Kilosa site due to assemblage of large trees. The general picture of carbon stock indicated that early burning is better for carbon storage than late burning or no burning. The lack of fire reduction strategy overrides the dynamics of forest stand structure and the potential for carbon sequestration by these forests as wildfires appear to be critical across the study area. There is dire need for a comprehensive strategy to reducing forest fires across the miombo biomes which together will help mitigate climate change impacts in Tanzania.Item The role and performance of existing governance structures in prevention and management of wildfires in Miombo woodland, Tanzania(CCIAM-SUA, 2014) Rija, A. A.; Madoffe, S. S.; Katani, J. Z.; Amanzi, N. S.; Midtgaard, F.; Zahabu, E.; Tarimo, B. C.; Mbeyale, G.Although wildfire remains a persistent threat to the forest resources and human livelihood, very limited information exists about the role and performance of existing local governance structures in the prevention and management of wildfires in Miombo woodlands. This study was conducted in nine villages of Handeni, Kilosa and Kilwa Districts, eastern Tanzania to examine how existing local governance structures were actively involved in prevention of wildfires in forests under differing management regimes. All the surveyed villages had both formal and informal governance structures responsible for prevention and management of wildfires with over 50% of respondents aware of their existence. Available formal structures included village councils, Village Environmental Committees (VEC)/Village Natural Resource Committee (VNRC), ward development committees and primary courts. These structures were charged with ensuring security in the respective villages including protecting forests against deforestation and degradation. Despite their existence in every village, most suffered poor coordination, severe under funding and poor support from the villagers who see torching of forests as their sole right to getting access to their livelihoods. The study established that existing local fire management structures are unlikely to guarantee effective prevention of this environmental threat unless the existing impediments are effectively addressed. Management of forest fires should therefore be handled through a well coordinated framework that accommodates all key stakeholders in the country and should empower existing local fire prevention machineryItem Urban sprawl and species movement may decimate natural plant diversity in an Afro-tropical city(Springer Netherlands, 2014-04-01) Rija, A. A.; Said, A.; Shombe, H. N.; Mwamende, K. A.; Madoffe, S. S.Although urban sprawl is increasingly becoming a worldwide problem, the effects associated with urbanization on local biodiversity particularly in the developing countries, is still poorly understood. We investigated plant species richness along urban–rural gradients in an Afro-tropical metropolitan Morogoro city in Tanzania, and examined patterns of species movement by humans within and outside the city and its potential impact on habitat homogenization of urban ecosystems. Biodiversity information was assessed in 120 sample plots (25 × 25 m) distributed in core urban, sub-urban and peri-urban (rural) zones, while patterns of plant resource use and species movement were surveyed from 120 households in the study area. We found the highest tree species richness in the urban core (82.6 ± 1.4 species) whereas tree density decreased from peri-urban (465.60 ± 152.03 tree/ha) to urban core (244.00 ± …