Browsing by Author "Lyatuu, Patricia M."
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Item Impact of livelihood strategies on household wellbeing in land shortage villages of mvomero district, Tanzania(East African Journal of Social and Applied Sciences, 2019) Lyatuu, Patricia M.; Urassa, Justin K.This paper examines a household’s wellbeing status (HWBS) and its relationship with Livelihood Strategies (LS) and demographic characteristics (DC) in the land shortage villages of Mvomero District, Tanzania. Through a cross-sectional research design, a structured questionnaire was administered to 267 randomly selected households. The findings show that 95.3% of households were unwell expressly in Mgeta villages; only 6.7% formed a well-off category. Unlike the hypothesis, a combination of on and off-farm LS confirmed to have a positive significant influence (p < 0.05) on the likelihood for a household to be well-off, whilst sole farming demonstrated a negative influence. Likewise, unlike the hypothesis, location of a household and sex of its head verified to have a negative influence (p < 0.05) on the likelihood for a household to be well-off. It is concluded that the majority of households are not well and only a combination of on and off-farm LS enhance wellbeing except for female headed households and those located within shrunken arable land areas. Tanzania’s Development agencies are advised to encourage LS diversification, relocation to land abundant area while paying special attention to female headed households.Item Land Access and Associated Factors in Densely and Sparsely Populated Areas: Mvomero District, Tanzania(Intersect, 2014) Lyatuu, Patricia M.; Urassa, Justin K.Ensuring secure access to land among rural inhabitants for ending the vicious cycle of poverty and natural resources degradation is a global challenge. Two important measures of secure land access include the ability to acquire tenure rights and benefits gained from the land, yet available studies have given them little attention to date. This study drew data from 267 households in Morogoro region of Tanzania using a questionnaire. In addition, focus group discussions and key informants were employed to explore the means and processes through which farmers in densely and sparsely populated areas—Mgeta division and Mlali division, respectively—derive a living from land. The study employed a cross-sectional research design to collect qualitative and quantitative data, the latter of which was analyzed using SPSS, whereby descriptive and inferential statistics were determined. Results showed that most of the households acquire farmland through inheritance and purchase. Nonetheless, more than one third of the households in both sites were without secure access to land. We found that access to arable land in Mgeta was constrained by soil erosion and repeated fragmentation, compelling farmers to excessively apply fertilizers, to expand farms through seasonal migration, and to trek up to 6 hours to reach their farms. In addition, lack of irrigation water discouraged many from settling in land-abundant areas, since, in Mgeta, water was readily available from nearby catchments. Access to land in Mlali, in contrast, was found to be limited by land grabbing perpetuated by weak tenure security, monetary poverty and non-compliance to land laws. Consequently, land-constrained households cope by borrowing farmland and by trekking up to 12 hours to reach their farmland. Binary logistic regression results showed that while high-income levels and productive assets influenced access to land positively, location had a negative significant influence (p < 0.05). In conclusion, lack of formal land titles and irrigation water in land aboundant villages, monetary poverty and soil erosion as well as non compliance to the land law together contributed to limit secure access to land in the study area. Tanzanian government is advised to encourage land-constrained households from land scarce areas to settle in land abundant areas, through investing in irrigation infrastructure. It additionally could speed up formalization of land titles and create awareness on tenure security, also invest in soil fertility, and projects that can increase household income and asset portfolios. The government may probably enforce compliance to land law.Item Land access and livelihood strategies in Mvomero district Tanzania(International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences (IJPSS), 2015) Lyatuu, Patricia M.; Urassa, Justin K.Land is a key asset for rural livelihoods. The general objective of this paper is to determine the relationship between land access and livelihood strategies (LS) in the context of land scarcity. A good understanding of the above relationship is of great importance to policy makers and all those interested in improving the well-being of those living in such areas. Moreover, the above could offer guidance for focused poverty interventions aiming at promoting diversity of LS. The paper is based on a study that was carried out in Mvomero District, Tanzania. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through a pre-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A total of 267 respondents were involved in the household surveys that aimed to explore the portfolio of household’s livelihood strategies, the availability of assets requisite for smooth diversification, challenges associated with LS and the effects of land access on LS. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using the SPSS software: descriptive and multinomial logistic regression were performed to identify dominant LS, determine assets portfolios and the influence of land access and selected household socio-economic characteristics on choices of LS. Qualitative data were analysed using the content analysis method and used to supplement the quantitative information. The results show that, farming was the dominant household LS. However, a significant proportion of households cope with land shortage by engaging in survival off-farm LS due to lack of labour skills, savings and capital necessary for undertaking high paying LS. A households location and its distance to the farm was positively related to its engagement in survival off-farm LS. Moreover, ownership of land without formal land titles negatively influenced a household’s diversification of its LS (p < 0.05). It is concluded that regardless of land scarcity in the study area, majority of households are still confined in farming. However, insecure access to land coupled with lack of capital for engaging in high paying LS has forced a significant proportion of households to venture in survival LS. Tanzania government is therefore advised to support the studied communities and those with similar context to diversify livelihood strategies in a meaningful manner through provision of education and labour skills as well as improvement of their access to credits. In addition, the studied community is advised to strive to have savings and obtain labour skills.Item Land access, livelihood strategies, and rural households’ well-being in Mvomero district, Tanzania(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2015) Lyatuu, Patricia M.Arable land scarcity and inefficient livelihood strategies are Sub Saharan Africa phenomena posing a challenge of rural chronic poverty in the 21st Century. This study analysed the link between land access, livelihood strategies (LS) and household well-being (HWBS) in land scarce areas, Mvomero District, Tanzania. Specifically, it determined: land access and associated factors, effect of land access on LS, influence of LS on HWBS and the impacts of land access on HWBS. A cross sectional research design was adopted whereby a survey was conducted involving 267 households. In addition, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. Qualitative results demonstrated that the majority of households lacked secure access to land. While lack of irrigation schemes hindered land access in densely populated areas by discouraging settlement in land abundant villages, land grabbing perpetuated by weak tenure security, monetary poverty and non compliance to land laws limited land access in land abundant villages. In addition, there was high interdependency between farm and non-farm strategies but lack of capital for undertaking high paying LS confined households to survival strategies. Binary and multinomial logistic regression results indicated that income, productive assets and location had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on land access. Furthermore, distance to farm and number of plots demonstrated a significant influence on non-farm LS. Moreover, land size and location exhibited the highest influence on the likelihood for a household to be well-off followed by LS diversification, and number of dependants. It is concluded that, land grabbing and lack of irrigation water lead to insecure access to land which in turn force households to venture in irrational LS as they lack inadequate capital for meaningful diversification of LS thus, failure to attain well-being. Furthermore, female headed households and those possessing many dependants are disadvantaged in attaining well-being. Tanzania government is advised to enforce adherence to land laws and invest in irrigation infrastructure in migrants’ destinations to enhance secure access to land. It may possibly facilitate access to skills, savings and credit to augment rational diversification of LS while paying special attention to female headed households and those with many dependants.