Browsing by Author "Lupindu, Athumani M."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Existence of multiple ESBL genes among phenotypically conﬁrmed ESBL producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples from neonatal units at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
(MDPI, 2021) Silago, Vitus; Kovacs, Dory; Samson, Happyness; Seni, Jeremiah; Matthews, Louise; Oravcová, Katarina; Lupindu, Athumani M.; Hoza, Abubakar S.; Mshana, Stephen E.
The proportions and similarities of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and E. coli (ESBL-EC) carrying multiple ESBL genes is poorly known at our setting. This study investigated the existence of multiple ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization, and contamination samples from neonatology units in Mwanza-Tanzania. Twenty and 55 presumptive ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP, respectively, from a previous study archived at−80 ◦C were successfully recovered for this study. Isolates were screened and conﬁrmed for production of ESBLs by phenotypic methods followed by multiplex PCR assay to determine ESBL genes. All (100%) and 97.3% of presumptive ESBL isolates were phenotypically conﬁrmed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and modiﬁed double-disc synergy methods, respectively. About 93.3% (70/75) of phenotypically conﬁrmed ESBL isolates had at least one ESBL gene, whereby for 62.9% (44/70), all ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) were detected. Eight pairs of ESBL bacteria show similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes. ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC, concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples, harbored multiple ESBL genes. Further, eight pairs of ESBL isolates had similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes, suggesting transmission of and/or sharing of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC.
First Report on a Randomized Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Indicator Bacteria from Livestock, Poultry, and Humans in Tanzania
(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2018-04-01) Katakweba, Abdul A. S.; Muhairwa, Amandus P.; Lupindu, Athumani M.; Damborg, Peter; Rosenkrantz, Jesper T.; Minga, Uswege M.; Mtambo, Madundo M. A.; Olsen, John E.
This study provides an estimate of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal indicator bacteria from humans (n = 97) and food animals (n = 388) in Tanzania. More than 70% of all fecal samples contained tetracycline (TE), sulfamethoxazole (STX), and ampicillin (AMP)-resistant coliforms, while cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant coliforms were observed in 40% of all samples. The average Log10 colony forming units/g of CTX-resistant coliforms in samples from humans were 2.20. Of 390 Escherichia coli tested, 66.4% were resistant to TE, 54.9% to STX, 54.9% to streptomycin, and 36.4% to CTX. Isolates were commonly (65.1%) multiresistant. All CTX-resistant isolates contained blaCTX-M gene type. AMP- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci were rare, and the average concentrations in positive samples were low (log10 0.9 and 0.4, respectively). A low-tomoderate resistance (2.1–15%) was detected in 240 enterococci isolates to the drugs tested, except for rifampicin resistance (75.2% of isolates). The average number of sulII gene copies varied between Log10 5.37 and 5.68 with no significant difference between sample source, while cattle had significantly higher number of tetW genes than humans. These findings, based on randomly obtained samples, will be instrumental in designing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) intervention strategies for Tanzania.
Isolation of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus from apparently healthy human animal attendants, cattle and cattle wastes in Tanzania
(Wiley Online Library, 2018-05) Madoshi, Balichene P.; Mtambo, Mtambo M. A; Muhairwa, Amandus P.; Lupindu, Athumani M.; Olsen, John E.
Aim: The study aimed to isolate and characterize Enterococcus species from apparently healthy waste attendants, cattle and cattle waste in Tanzania. Emphasis was given to antimicrobial resistance and in particular occurrence of vancomycin (VA)-resistant enterococci. Methods and Results: Faecal samples were collected from healthy cattle, cattle waste attendants and cattle house wastes, and isolation of Enterococcus species was performed using Slanetz Bartley agar. Isolates were characterized with regard to species, antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of VA resistance genes. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent species from all sources of isolation (43 5%), followed by Enterococcus faecium (38 4%). Isolates of E. faecium showed a higher number of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance than isolates of E. faecalis. Fifty-eight isolates, which showed resistance or intermediate resistance to VA by disc diffusion test, were analysed for VAresistant Enterococcus (VRE) by PCR. The vanA gene was detected in 14 isolates of E. faecium and 12 isolates of E. faecalis, while vanB was detected in three isolates. No isolates were found to carry vanC1-gene. Conclusion: VRE was detected in both human and cattle samples, despite no known use of antimicrobial agents that can select for VRE in livestock in Tanzania. Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonly isolated species from cattle and humans. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study provides information on the prevalence of VRE in human and nonhuman samples in Tanzania calling for further studies on the origin of VRE in such isolates, since no selection mechanism in Tanzania are known.
Participation and its determinants in East Cost Fever immunization by small-scale cattle keepers in Mazabuka district of Zambia
(Tanzania Veterinary Journal, 2018) Mulenga, Arnold; Lupindu, Athumani M.; Mlangwa, James E.D.
Currently 1.4 million cattle are at risk of East Coast Fever out of approximately 3 million in Zambia. A cross sectional study was carried out in Mazabuka district of Zambia from July to September 2015, to assess participation and factors affecting cattle farmers participation in ECF immunisation by the infection and treatment method. The study involved 224 randomly selected small scale cattle farmers from three veterinary camps in Mazabuka who participated in the second round of 2015 immunisation campaign. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to consented farmers to seek information about demographic and socio-economic characteristics, knowledge and experience in cattle rearing, herd characteristics, management and perceived benefits, costs and challenges of ECF immunisation. Data on immunisation statistics, schedules, coverage, adequacy, vaccine delivery, successes and challenges were collected from the district veterinary office and the Central Veterinary Research Institute covering the period between the years 2008 to 2014. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and proportions were computed to establish immunization coverage, participation trend and socio-demographic parameters of cattle farmers. Fischer exact test was used to assess associations between variables at 5% significance level. Logistic regression was run using R software to assess influence of different factors on willingness of farmers to participate in immunization campaign. Majority of participants were males (94%), had secondary education (49.1%), more than five year experience of keeping cattle (89.3%) and depended on sources other than cattle for their livelihood (47.3%). From 2008 to 2014 vaccination coverage was on average 65% of the target per annum and 97% of the participants appreciated reduction in cattle mortality post immunisation. Willingness to participate in immunisation campaign was influenced by education level (secondary education: OR=27, 95% CI: 2.29-352.71), satisfaction with immunisation service (OR=5.14, 95% CI: 1.04-24.64) and experience of post-immunisation mortality reduction (OR=7.33, 95% CI: 1.26-44.00). Improvement in service delivery quality and monitoring of post immunisation outcome can lead to increased participation of farmers in immunisation campaigns.