Browsing by Author "Laswai, F."

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    Nicotine contents in honey from tobacco and non-tobacco growing areas in Kigoma Region, Tanzania
    (Tanzania Forest Fund (TAFORI), 2018-10) Balama, C.; Mbwambo, L.; Kagosi, P.; Tewele, C.; Laswai, F.; Msalilwa, U.; Ernest, S.
    Nicotine content in honey is currently the major issue of concern to honey quality in Tanzania. This study was carried out to determine nicotine content in honey from tobacco and non-tobacco growing areas in Kigoma Region, Tanzania. Specifically, the study determined nicotine contents in honey and bee fodder samples. Fresh honey samples were collected from beehives within tobacco and non-tobacco growing areas and from vendors for laboratory tests. Results showed that nicotine content in the fresh honey which was collected from beehives located within tobacco growing areas is significantly higher than that collected from non-tobacco growing areas (0.46μg/g vs. 0.26μg/g, p <0.05). The honey samples from vendors in town and villages had nicotine contents of 0.41μg/g and 2.98μg/g, respectively. It was observed that most of the bee fodder tree species in Miombo woodland had traces of nicotine. Among the most important bee fodder tree species with the highest amount of nicotine were Brachystegia spiciformis (20.966μg/g), and Julbernardia globiflora (13.168μg/g). Meanwhile Vernonia colata, Combretum collinum and Combretum mole had the lowest nicotine contents of 0.836μg/g, 0.006μg/g, and 0.004μg/g, respectively. Generally, honey samples which were collected from all sources contained different amounts of nicotine. However, these contents were perceived to be tolerable for human health. The sampled bee forage tree species were also observed to have nicotine, which is associated with nicotine in the honey. The study recommends for the establishment of the national standards indicating the allowable amount of nicotine in honey for human consumption. Further research needs to be done in other areas and vegetation types in order to address this concern country- wise.
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    Practices and challenges of selling systems for teak (tectona grandis) at Mtibwa tree plantation in Tanzania
    (2015-06) Kagosi, P. J.; Laswai, F.; Kapinga, C.; Babili, H.
    Mibwa forest plantation. hereafter referred to simply as Mtibwa plantation was established in 1944. and is currently owned by Tanzania Forest Services (iTS) under Government Notice 269 of 2010. The plantation was gazette through the Government Notice number 213 of 1944 (CRT. 2013). Mtibwa plantation has about 3.115.6 ha of land. out of this 2068 ha are suitable for teak production. The main species grown was Tectona grandis, which constituted 95% while Cedrella odorala (3%), Milicia excelsa and Khuya anthotheca together (2%) were planted as alternative species (CRT. 2013). Timber for logs and building poles are the main forest products from Mtibwa plantation which arc traded within and outside the country. The plantation also generates some income through sales of teak stumps. and Firewood which are sold or given for free to nearby villages. Tree seeds from the plantation are collected for free by the Tanzania Tree Seed Agency (TTSA) and the community living adjacent to the plantation. The auction system and private agreements are currently used for selling standing teak from. Auctioning is the public sale of goods or properties to the highest bidder (Chamuva. 2007). In implementing the Bing Results Now (BRN) in Tanzania. the main focus of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT) is to promote sustainable production, utilization and marketing of forest resources to achieve the national social economic objectives as well as the protection of natural forest resources. Tanzania. like other countries in Africa sets forest charges using market mechanisms and calculations that are based on market information (Chamuva. 2007). The main challenge of using market mechanisms is that they work well where there is genuine competition in the market (FAO. 1979). If the number of buyers is small they tend to collude. offering low prices. "[he Tanzania National Forest policy statement stipulates that 70% of forest 902 Practices and Challenges of Selling System for Teak... products should be sold using the auction system while the remaining 30% is to be sold through allocation. The policy is supported by the Forest Act Cap 323 IRE. 2002] of 2002 (URT, 2002).