Browsing by Author "Kilima, F. T. M."

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Are price changes in the world market transmitted to markets in less developed countries? A case study of sugar, cotton, wheat, and rice in Tanzania
(IIIS, 2006) Kilima, F. T. M.
This paper investigates the extent to which world market price changes are transmitted through changes in border prices into local producer prices for four agricultural product markets in Tanzania: sugar, cotton, wheat and rice. The changes in the marketing channels for each of these products resulting from market liberalization are described. The statistical analysis finds that, in general, Tanzanian border and world market prices for these products do not move closely together, although there is evidence that border prices are influenced by world market price levels but not vice versa. The absence of monthly price data at producer level for these products did not permit a detailed examination of the relationship between farmgate prices and either border prices or world market prices. However, the qualitative discussion suggests that the extent of price transmission is likely to be imperfect. These results have implications for the interpretation of simulation results modelling the potential impact of trade policy changes on Tanzanian producers and consumers. They also underline the need for concerted efforts by policy makers to reduce the extent of monopoly power in these marketing chains and to improve the degree of price transmission.
The capacity of on-farm research in reducing poverty: Experiences from twenty seven projects in Tanzania
(Tanzania J.Agric.Sc, 2008) Tarimo, A. J. P.; Johnsen, F. H.; Nchimbi-Msolla, S.; Mbaga, S.; Kilima, F. T. M.; Sesabo, J.; Abdallah, J. M.; Iranga, G.
Poverty can be categorized into income poverty and non-income poverty. At the smallscale Jarmers level income poverty results Jrom low productivity oj agricultural enterprises. hence low sales oj products. On the other hand. non income poverty encompasses a wide range oj live phenomena, including level oj education, poor survival strategies, poor nutritional status. lack oj clean and saJe drinking water, poor social wellbeing, vulnerability , etc. In 2000/01 about 62% oj households in Tanzania succumbed to income poverty. While the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) was silent on research as one oj the strategic approaches to reduce poverty in Tanzania, a study was conducted between 2001 and 2004 by Sokoine University oj Agriculture (SUA) in collaboration with the Agricultural Sector Lead Ministries (ASLMs) to evaluate the effectiveness oj onjarm research and development (R&D) approaches in bringing about poverty reduction amongst the smallholder Jarmers in the country. The study was based on 27 projects under Tanzania Agricultural Research Project Phase II (TARPII) managed by SUA (TARPII-SUA) conducted in the Eastern and Southern Highlands Zones oj country. By responding to a questionnaire. smallholder Jarmers evaluated technologies introduced through research. Results have shown that smallholder Jarmers' poverty could be signijkantly reduced by inb'oducing appropriate technologies. Thus. on average, participating Jarmers observed reductions in income poverty by the period oj this study. It is concluded that introduction oj technologies through onJarm research increases technology adoption and reduces income poverty.
Comparative economic analysis of beekeeping using traditional and improved beehives in the Miombo woodlands of Tabora and Katavi regions, Tanzania
(Huria Journal, 2016) Kuboja, N. M.; Isinika, A. C.; Kilima, F. T. M.
The study was carried out in Tabora and Katavi regions in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania. The overall objective of the study was to undertake a comparative economic analysis of beekeeping using improved or traditional beehives. Data were collected from 198 beekeepers that were randomly selected from a sampling frame of 237 beekeepers using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) along with budgetary analysis and profitability ratios. The findings revealed that improved beehives were more productive than traditional beehives, although both beekeeping systems were profitable ventures. However, beekeepers who used traditional beehives realized higher net farm income than those who used improved beehives. Return on investment was estimated to be 3.7% per shilling for beekeepers using traditional beehives against 1.3, 0.3 and 0.8% for those using Tanzania Top Bar, Box and Langstroth (improved beehives), respectively. The lower gains associated with improved beehives that are more productive than traditional ones, are most likely to be a result of failures within the market system to value and reward quality. Earnings for adopters of these productivity enhancing beehives could increase if new mechanisms that allow fair pricing of high-quality honey extracted from such beehives are instituted in local markets. These endeavours could be pioneered by relevant institution including local government and non-governmental organizations in respective areas.
Factors influencing the consumption of pulses in rural and urban areas of Tanzania
(2014) Mfikwa, A. E.; Kilima, F. T. M.
Pulses are important/sole sources of some dietary protein and energy, especially for the vegetarian population and poor people who are less able to afford the cost of other sources of protein. Despite its nutritional and economic importance, its consumption trend in Tanzania has been decreasing over time and factors underlying this change are not well established. This study investigated factors underlying market participation and its consumption to inform policy and chain actors about ideal means to address the challenge. A two-step model following the double hurdle specification was adopted to identify factors underlying the decision to consume pulses and its extent of consumption. Model results revealed that household sizes and education levels of the decision makers residing in rural areas had significant effect on the decision to consume pulses while the extent of consumption was influenced by their education levels, household sizes, households’ total expenditure on food and non-food and prices of pulses and meat. Household sizes, levels of education and sex of the main decision makers were found to have significant effects on the decision to consume pulses whereas the age and education levels, household sizes and household’s total expenditure were the main factors that influenced the extent of consumption in urban areas. In summary, the model showed that participation in pulses’ market was lower in rural than that in urban areas. However, the overall consumption was lower in urban than that in rural areas, implying that the prospect for increasing its consumption is higher in urban than that in rural areas. To increase the market share of pulses, traders should devise effective strategies to tap into the growing demand for pulses in urban areas. This strategy should be founded on thorough understanding of desired attributes of these products and purchasing power of different consumer groups.
The Impact of Agricultural Research on Poverty and Income Distribution: A Case Study of Selected On-farm Research Projects at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
(2013) Kilima, F. T. M.; Tarimo, A. J. P.; Johnsen, F. H.; Nchimbi-Msolla, S.; Sesabo, J.; Abdallah, J.M.; Iranga, G.
The impact of agricultural research on poverty and income distribution: A case study of selected on-farm research projects at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
(2013) Kilima, F. T. M.; Tarimo, A. J. P.; Johnsen, F. H.; Nchimbi-Msolla, S.; Mbaga, S.; Sesabo, J.; Abdallah, J.M.; Iranga, G.
Improved technologies induce productivity growth that generates pro-poor improvement processes. However, improving welfare and equity is a difficult task. This study investigated whether interventions in agriculture benefit farmers who are more capable to derive sufficient gains than others using data from on-farm research projects in Tanzania.Data were collected during baseline and impact assessment studies using questionnaires. The distributions of income were assessed using coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and Theil’s Tstatistic. Results show that the projects contributed to increase farm income through enhanced productivity and sales of products and these gains were equitably shared. To encourage adoption and sustainability of these interventions it is important to sensitize Local Government Authorities and Agricultural Sector Lead Ministries on these technologies to allow incorporation of research findings in development plans. Involvement of extension staff in research and demonstrations through farmers’ shows should also be encouraged to increase adoption.
The impact of agricultural research on poverty and income distribution: A case study of selected on-farm research projects at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013) Kilima, F. T. M.; Tarimo, A. J. P.; Johnsen, F. H.; Nchimbi-Msolla, S.; Mbaga, S.; Sesabo, J.; Abdallah, J. M.; Iranga, G.
Improved technologies induce productivity growth that generates pro-poor improvement processes. However, improving welfare and equity is a difficult task. This study investigated whether interventions in agriculture benefit farmers who are more capable to derive sufficient gains than others using data from on-farm research projects in Tanzania.Data were collected during baseline and impact assessment studies using questionnaires. The distributions of income were assessed using coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and Theil’s Tstatistic. Results show that the projects contributed to increase farm income through enhanced productivity and sales of products and these gains were equitably shared. To encourage adoption and sustainability of these interventions it is important to sensitize Local Government Authorities and Agricultural Sector Lead Ministries on these technologies to allow incorporation of research findings in development plans. Involvement of extension staff in research and demonstrations through farmers’ shows should also be encouraged to increase adoption.
Knowledge and perception of users on ecosystem services in Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania and Taita Hills, Kenya
(Journal of Continuing Education and Extension, 2015-12-15) Kilima, F. T. M.; Kadigi, M. J.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Abdallah, J.; Steven, C.; Shimbe, S.
The capacity of ecosystems of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Taita Hills in Kenya to continue providing vital ecosystem services is dwindling over time, mainly due to over-exploitative uses of ecosystem services and climate change. Many of the efforts to identify effective approaches for sustainable management of the ecosystem in these areas have not explicitly embraced stakeholders’ perceptions. This paper offers a comprehensive review of users’ knowledge and perception of climate change and Ecosystem services in Mount Kilimanjaro and Taita Hills. The intent is to profile users’ knowledge and perception to pin-point leverage points for future awareness creation and community mobilization strategies to hedge against negative impacts of climate change. Data were collected through interviews from 352 respondents who were randomly selected from three distinct altitude zones (low, middle and high) of Mount Kilimanjaro and Taita Hills. Descriptive statistics for socio-economic and demographic variables as well as measures of users’ perception of the ecosystems and climate related challenges were computed. None parametric statistics (Kruskal-Wallis H statistic, Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall-tau test) were performed to test whether some of the variables were correlated. Results show that users of ecosystems of Mount Kilimanjaro and Taita Hills are aware the ecosystems values to humans and the need to conserve these ecosystems in order to sustain the benefits and flow of ecosystem goods and services. However, there are marked spatial and demographic differences in their perception of ecosystems, which can potentially alter the value they attached to different ecosystem services and the spatial significance of climate change. In view of these differences there is a need to devise an effective communication strategy, which can address the users’ knowledge gap with respect to indicators in relation to the severity of climate change, and inform policy about the extent to which users of ecosystems at different altitudinal gradients can collaborate to overcome climate related challenges.
Pedological and soil fertility characteristics of striga infested soils under maize in Chunya and Iringa districts of Tanzania
(SADC-ICART Project, 2010) Msaky, J. J. T.; Kaaya, A.; Kayeke, M.; Sibuga, K. P.; Kilima, F. T. M.
Maize yields in both Iringa and Chunya districts have been reported to be low due to infestation with Striga. A study was therefore conducted to characterize Striga infested soils and assess their fertility status under maize production in 6 villages of Chunya and Iringa districts. The soils of Iringa were classified as Cambisols and those of Chunya as Arenosols. The results further showed that, the majority of the soils were of sand to loamy sand texture. Such soils are well drained with low water holding capacity, conditions that favour Striga germination. The fertility status was established through physical and chemical analyses of the soils. One hundred and four composite soil samples were collected from the two districts. Laboratory analysis showed that most of the soils were acidic with pH ranging from 4.13 to 7.74 and low to medium cation exchange capacity (CEC). Organic carbon was low with a range of 0.01 to 0.07% while total N values were also low ranging from 0.028 to 0.86%. Phosphorus was low with few samples indicating medium values. Exchangeable bases were generally low with most soils having saturation values of < 50%. Overall, the soils are of low fertility status. The low fertility status and the sandy texture are possibly the cause of high Striga infestation and low maize yields in the two districts. The soils are of low productivity requiring improvement of their organic matter content and application of inorganic fertilizers if improved maize yields are to be realized. It is further recommended that tillage practices that improve the soil physical conditions be adopted, not only for greater maize yields but also as one of the strategies to control the Striga weed. Key words: fertility, maize, soil, striga
Power dynamics between farmers and market masters: a case of tomato value chain in Kilolo District and Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania
(International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, 2016) Nyamba, S. Y.; Martin, R.; Kalungwizi, V. J.; Busindeli, I. M.; Kilima, F. T. M.; Bengesi, C.P. M.; Chija, B. B.; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Mlozi, M. R. S.; Gjotterud, S. M.; Kiranga, E.
Like in many places in rural Tanzania, tomato production has become an important economic horticultural activity. The main reasons for the sudden upsurge of tomato production over the past few years include its better market prospect compared to other traditional crops although this prospect vary across seasons and locations. Of late however, tomato farmers have faced a number of challenges in the production and marketing of tomatoes. The main challenges include high cost of production and perishable nature of the crop that induce significant variation in farmers’ earnings. Another challenge facing tomato producers is the long chain of actors between production and consumption leading to information gaps between farmers and consumers in terms of optimal price for the product. This paper examines the status of tomato marketing with respect to information sharing and power relations between farmers and market masters in the tomato value chain. The paper concludes by giving possible avenues for resolving the communication problems through project interventions.
Tomato value chain information system in tanzania:lessons from Kilolo District and Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania
(Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran, 2020) Nyamba, S. Y.; Kalungwizi, V. J.; Mlozi, M.R.S; Busindeli, I. M.; Kilima, F. T. M.; Msuya-Bengesi, C. P.; Chija, B. B.; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Gabagambi, M; Gjotterud, S. M.; Kiranga, E
T he major challenge for the tomato farmers is getting a fair price at the market price given that there are many actors involved in the tomato value chain. Given this situation, this project's goal was to improve communication pathways in dissemination of agricultural market information in tomato value chains in Iringa and Dodoma Regions in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to: identify and assess the status of tomato production and information sharing among the various actors in every node in the tomato value chain; identify the communication and knowledge dissemination pathways in tomato value chain; examine the efficacy of communication and knowledge dissemination pathways in tomato value chain; establish the innovative communication and knowledge dissemination pathways in tomato value chain, and enhance capacity and empower the various stakeholders involved in the tomato value chain. One way of achieving the goal of the study was to come up with an innovative communication pathway that would improve the marketing of tomatoes by directly linking farmers to markets. The study has developed a system called Tomato Value Chain Information System (ToVCIS). The system links famers to different markets in the Tanzania by sending text messages to a control centre which is fed with prices on a daily basis by government employed market
Women’s prospects to adopt enhanced freshness formulation (EFF) technologies for banana in Morogoro rural district, Tanzania
(The Journal of the Faculty of Food and Agriculture, 2018) Subert, M. P.; Kilima, F. T. M.; Mwatawala, M. W.; Msogoya, T. J.; Mtui, H.
This paper draws lessons from a study based on forecasts rather than actual results. The study was conducted to identify factors that could potentially affect women’s decisions to adopt enhanced freshness formulation (EFF) technologies among banana growers in Morogoro, Tanzania. The study tested whether men and women were equally likely to adopt EFF technologies. The authors also explored whether women who are willing and able to influence adoption decisions and women who are willing but unable to influence adoption decisions face similar adoption challenges. The results from logit model suggest that the adoption prospect is lower among female adopters than male adopters (p < .05). The study predicted a higher probability of female growers to be willing and able to influence adoption decisions among younger female growers compared to those over 35 years old (p < .1) although the overall impact on the adoption rate was low, owing to limited participation of young farmers (11 %) in banana production. The findings reveal less willingness and ability to adopt the technologies among female growers who perceived EFF applications as labour-insensitive technologies (p < .05). Likewise, the study identified higher willingness and ability to influence the adoption among growers whose bananas were not about to be harvested (p < .05). The authors recommend continued efforts to address a priori challenges that can potentially undermine adoption with easy-to-use preparation and application methods, and by targeting growers whose fruits are at early stages of maturation. Future studies could focus on the potential impacts of specific types of EFF technologies on the adoption prospect.