Browsing by Author "Kicheleri, Rose P"
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Item African lion population estimates in Tanzania’s Ruaha national park(Scientific Research Publishing, 2022-02) Kimaro, Michael H; Mrosso, Hillary T; Chidodo, Simon J; Chilagane, Nyemo A; Msigwa, Fenrick F; Bulenga, George B; Kicheleri, Rose P; Mgeni, Charles P; Kangile, Rajabu J; Kimambo, Elisante A; Hughes, Courtney; Warbington, Camille; Mchaki, Helen; Mathayo, Daniel; Kiwango, Halima RTanzania is considered a country with the largest number of African lions ( Panthera leo ). However, the continued absence of ecological population es- timates and understanding of the associated factors influencing lion distribu- tion hinders the development of conservation planning. This is particularly true in the Ruaha-Rungwa landscape, where it was estimated that more than 10% of the global lion population currently resides. By using a call-back sur- vey method, we aimed to provide population estimates (population size and density) of African lions in the Ruaha National Park, between wet (March 2019) and dry (October 2019) seasons. We also assessed the key factors that influenced the distribution of the observed lions towards call-back stations. Ferreira & Funston’s (2010) formula was used to calculate population size and in turn used to estimate density in the sampled area, while the Genera- lized Linear Model (GLMM) with zero-inflated Poisson error distribution was used to determine factors that influence the distribution of the observed lions to call-back stations. The population size we calculated for the sampled area of 3137.2 km 2 revealed 286 lions (95% CI, 236 - 335) during the wet season, and 196 lions (95% CI, 192 - 200) during the dry season. The density of lions was 9.1/100 km 2 during the wet season, and 6.3/100 km 2 during the dry sea- son. Distance to water source had a significant negative effect on the distribu- tion of the observed lions to the call-back stations, while habitat had a mar- ginal effect. Our findings show that, although lion population estimates were larger during the wet season than the dry season, the season had no effect on the distribution of the observed lions to call-back stations. We suggest that the proximity to water sources is important in study design. Further, we sug- gest that density and population size are useful indices in identifying conser- vation area priorities and lion coexistence strategies.Item Designed for accumulation by dispossession: an analysis of Tanzania's wildlife management areas through the case of Burunge(wiley, 2020-12) Kicheleri, Rose P; Mangewa, Lazaro J; Treue, Thorsten; Nielsen, Martin R; Kajembe, George CUnfortunately, adverse rather than positive local welfare outcomes of community-based conservation initiatives are quite common. Through the case of Burunge Wildlife Management Area (WMA) this study documents how WMAs in Tanzania appear designed to facilitate accumulation by disposses- sion in the name of decentralized wildlife management. Based on focus group discussions, interviews, and policy-document analyses, we show that the pro- cess of establishing the WMA was fraught with hidden agendas and lacked legitimacy as well as transparency. Villagers and their local governments were also oblivious to the fact that the village land they contributed to forming the WMA would no longer be under village control even if they withdrew from the WMA. Decentralized revenue streams were gradually recentralized, and when the High Court ruled in favor of a Village Government that did not want to be part of the WMA, higher levels of government scared it to stay and to drop its legal as well as economic claims. We conclude that by mechanisms of rule-through-law WMAs deliberately dispossess village communities by atten- uating the authority of democratically elected village governments. Hence, the wildlife policy needs urgent revision to democratize and thus promote positive livelihood outcomes of the WMA concept.Item Institutional rhetoric versus local Reality: a case study of burunge Wildlife management area, Tanzania(SAGE, 2018) Kicheleri, Rose P; Treue, Thorsten; Nielsen, Martin R; Kajembe, George C; Mombo, Felister MWildlife Management Areas (WMAs) are establishments that promote wildlife conservation and rural development in Tanzania. However, through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, a questionnaire survey, and literature review, we found that the participation of local people in both the establishment and management of the WMA was limited and rife with conflict. While benefits have materialized at the communal level, local people saw neither value nor benefit of the WMA to their livelihoods. Specifically, local people’s access to natural resources got worse while private eco-tourism investors and the central government have gained financially. Contrary to the livelihood enhancing WMA rhetoric, top-down institutional choices have sidelined democratically elected Village Governments and successive legislative adjustments disenfranchised and dispossessed them and their constituencies. We conclude that village governments should consistently demand for their legal rights to the resources on their land until the WMA approach to conservation and development is democratized.