Browsing by Author "Kayunze, Kim"

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Agricultural growth and poverty reduction in Tanzania 2000- 2010: where has agriculture worked for the poor and what can we learn from this?
(2011) Mashindano, Oswald; Kayunze, Kim; Maro, Festo; Da Corta, Lucia
Agriculture is an economic activity important to achieving the poverty reduction strategy goals of Tanzania. Growth in agriculture has made contributions to GDP, foreign exchange earnings, and income poverty reduction. However, despite high growth, the growth pattern in agriculture (which employed about 70 percent of the population between 1998 and 2009) is not reflected in poverty reduction, particularly in rural areas. Using quantitative and qualitative data collected from rural farmers in Mwanza, Newala and Rukwa regions, this paper unpacks growth and poverty transmission routes, identifies growth barriers for agricultural incomes, and analyses where agricultural growth has occurred and if that growth has been transmitted into poverty reduction. Findings indicate that the pattern of economic growth in the past decade was largely influenced by the service and industry sectors; and less by agriculture where annual growth has been slow, following persistent low and declining productivity caused by low utilisation of fertiliser and improved seeds, and the low rate of mechanisation. Evidence gathered from our six research sites also noted barriers to production and markets. Trade and export of cashew nuts and non-traditional items like mango and cut flowers were important routes for income growth, but poor farmers had limited access compared to their richer counterparts. We conclude in this paper that further measures are needed to stimulate higher productivity and income growth associated with new technology, secure markets, mixed farming (diversification of crops and livestock) and efficient institutions (warehouse and credit schemes).
Contribution of CBOS in poverty reduction among their members in Tanzania: empirical evidence from Hai district
(European Journal of Business Management, 2014) Mmari, Goodluck Aletaulwa; Kayunze, Kim
CBOs are voluntary, non-profit and non-governmental organisations that are set up by collective efforts of local people for their own development. There has been mushrooming of these organisations in Tanzania since the second half of 1980s after the implementation of structural adjustment policies. Despite a large volume of literature in the area of CBOs, little attention has been made towards assessing their contribution in reduction of poverty. The aim of this study therefore was to assess contribution of CBOs in reduction of poverty among their members in Tanzania with special emphasis from Hai District. The study was guided by the Community action model theory by Freire (1973). A case study design was adopted because of its advantages in studying more than one case deeply. Hai District was selected as the study area because it had large number of the CBOs. A sample size of 130 respondents was selected. Simple random sampling technique was applied in selecting the CBOs and the main respondents. On the other hand, purposive sampling technique was applied in selecting both the study area and the key informants. Data for the study were collected using observation, interviews (both structured and unstructured), focused group discussions and documentary reviews. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied in analyzing data for this study as they were found to complement each other. Status of poverty among members of the CBOs was measured using MPI. Following were the major conclusions drowned from the study: that a significant number of members of the CBOs were still MPI poor; Sources of capital for members of the CBOs were both from the SACCOS and CBOs; Incomes of members increased significantly after joining the CBOs; and the CBOs were found to contribute significantly in reduction of poverty among their members by urging them to establish economic activities and looking for markets of their produces.
Hidden hunger in rural Tanzania: what can qualitative research tell us about what to do about chronic food insecurity?
(2011) Shepherd, Andrew; Kayunze, Kim; Vendelin, Simon; Darko, Emily; Evans, Alice
This paper is part of a series of working papers making use of a qualitative, life history dataset developed by the CPRC in Tanzania. It investigates the experience of hunger, its causes and consequences, the strategies people use to prevent it, and derives a set of policy implications. The most food insecure people depend on wage labour, so controlling food price inflation and improving wages and working conditions for poor casual labourers would be one priority. Buffers against hunger can easily erode for vulnerable older people, separated, divorced or widowed women, and such people need to be protected against the possible loss of their assets or access to resources. Knowledge is also a powerful tool against hunger – people at local level could use more and better information about nutrition, suggesting that a revival of the once successful community nutrition programme would help.
Public-private partnership supported health facilities and progress towards attainment of universal health coverage in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
(Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2022) Kanti, Kimario; Kayunze, Kim; Muhanga, Mikidadi
Background Public-Private-Partnership-supported health facilities have been operational in Tanzania, and specifically, in Kilimanjaro since 1990s. This study provides a snapshot of the contribution of PPP-supported health facilities’ operations towards attainment of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Kilimanjaro region. Methods Adopting a cross-sectional research design, samples of 384 households and 30 health facilities were selected through a multi-stage and purposive sampling approaches, respectively. Questionnaires and key informant interviews (KIIs) were administered (June 2020 - February 2021). Using IBM-SPSS v.23, chi-square was used to compare PPP-supported and government health facilities’ service delivery quality and affordability. Content analysis was done on KIIs. Results With PPP-support unweighted mean index score for service availability (SA) was 46.59% and 29.14% without PPP-supported health facilities. With PPP-support, the GSR index score was 87% while it was 82% without PPP-support. This implies, with PPP-support, progress towards UHC attainment can be accelerated. There was no significant association between accessing services in PPP-supported or government health facilities by perceived service delivery quality and service affordability. Conclusion PPP-supported and government health facilities co-existence is essential at hastening the progress towards UHC in the study area. The government should strengthen policies and regulations to promote more PPPs in improving health facilities’ operations.
Public-private partnerships in the provision of healthcare services for sustainable development in Tanzania: A systematic literature review
(2020-10-10) Kimario, Kanti; Kayunze, Kim; Muhanga, Mikidadi
This article reviews the literature on the concept and practice of public-private partnership (PPP). Specifically, the paper reviews theoretical aspects of the concept and practice of PPP and the rationale and potential of PPP in the provision of healthcare services for sustainable development in Tanzania. Using a documentary review research method, different search engines and databases were used in information search from peer-reviewed journals, conference papers, among others. The search strategy involved keywords such as 'Tanzanian healthcare', 'healthcare', 'health insurance', 'public-private partnerships', 'sustainable healthcare provision' and 'sustainable development goals'.The literature search identified a total of 1,600 articles associated with a set of specific search terms. Only fifty (50) studies met the final criteria for review. Articles included were those published from the year 2000 to the present. PPPs are potentially essential tools to increase the delivery of public goods and services because the private sector is capable of complementing resources from the government. Private sector investors can substantially participate in the achievement of SDGs by complementing the available public physical and non-physical resources such as finances, expertise, health sector workforce, and readiness for risk-taking. PPP in the health sector needs to be promoted because sustainable development needs a healthy population, which needs access to essential healthcare services to live healthily
Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in the wildlife-livestock interface and non-interface areas in Tanzania
(ROAVS, 2015) Mdetele, Daniel; Kassanga, Christopher; Seth, Misago; Kayunze, Kim
A cross sectional study was conducted in the Serengeti ecosystem (wildlife-livestock interface) and central part of Tanzania (non-interface) area to determine the prevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Serengeti, Bunda, Kongwa and Iramba Districts. Seroprevalence investigation using 3ABC–ELISA technique indicated that the overall prevalence of antibodies against FMD virus was 66.3%. Significantly high prevalence was recorded in wildlife- livestock interface areas (71.5%) compared to non-interface areas (61.0%). District-wise, higher prevalence was recorded in Kongwa district (89.0%) followed by Serengeti (78.0%), Bunda (65.0%) and Iramba (33.0%). Species- wise, higher prevalence was found in bovines (69.8%), ovines (52.4%) and caprines (11.1%). From various risk factors, ecosystem distribution (X 2 = 4.9308, p = 0.0264) and species distribution (X 2 = 28.3236, P = 0.0001), the results indicated that FMD is highly prevalent in wildlife-livestock interface areas than in non-interface areas. However, uncontrolled livestock movement in Kongwa District resulted into much higher FMD prevalence than in districts where there is wildlife-livestock interface. The presence of antibodies against FMD virus in species other than cattle revealed that there is a need to consider other species in planning for FMD control.
Socio-economic impact of foot and mouth disease in wildlife- livestock interface and non-interface of Tanzania
(2015) Mdetele, Daniel; Seth, Misago; Kayunze, Kim; Kasanga, Christopher
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is still one of the major trans-boundary animal diseases (TADs) in Tanzania. The disease is an obstacle to development of the livestock sector because it adversely affect livestock production and trade of animals and animal products. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Serengeti ecosystem (Wildlife- livestock Interface) and in the Central part of Tanzania (Non-interface) with the aim of assessing the social and economic impacts of FMD among livestock keepers in the two ecosystems. Forty households were selected, 10 from each district and to each household, a structured questionnaire was administered. The results showed that, the social impacts due to, FMD outbreaks include food insecurity (85.0%), failure to meet education costs (90.0%) and medical costs (77.5%). The observed economic impacts of FMD were losses associated with treatment costs (87.5%), milk productivity (85.0%), draught power (80.0%), livestock market loss (67.5), lower weight gain (60.0%), lower fertility (37.5%), abortion (35.0%), death of animals (25.0%) and vaccine supply cost (2.5%). Statistically, there were no significant differences in observed impacts of FMD among livestock keepers from wildlife-livestock interface and those from the non-interface. The study found no significant difference in opinion among livestock keepers from wildlife-livestock interface and non-interface areas as well as among study districts on foot-and mouth-disease impacts. Higher percentages in case responses on social impacts and economic losses indicated magnitude of the problem and feelings of livestock keepers about FMD. However, lower percentage in case response on vaccine supply cost indicated that there is no control of FMD by vaccination.