Browsing by Author "Kanuya, N. L."
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Item Analysis of marketing performance of the dairy value chain in Tanga city, Tanzania(AJOL, 2018) Ibrahim, A. W.; Akyoo, A. M.; Kanuya, N. L.This study was conducted in Tanga city with the general purpose of analyzing market performance of dairy value chain and specifically to quantify and assess production costs of raw milk and to characterize the market structure, conduct and performance of the milk market. A formal survey was carried out to a random sample of 80 smallholder farmers and 30 milk traders using a questionnaire. Two processors were interviewed using a checklist. Accounting method was used to quantify milk dairy farmers’ production costs whereas dairy market performance was descriptively analyzed within the framework of the Structure-Conduct-Performance (S-C-P) market model. Gross profit margins for the major players (producers, traders and processors) at specific nodes along the dairy value chain were calculated. The average unit cost of production was found to be TSh 550 per litre of raw milk with contributions from labour (45.7%), feeds (19.4%) and dairy operations (e.g. veterinary services) (34.9%). The average production cost per litre (TSh 550) and farm gate price per litre (TSh 580) of raw milk were found to be statistically different at p≤ 0.05 level of significance indicating cost effectiveness of going producer price. Smallholder dairy farmers received gross profit margins of 5.2% and 21.4% in the formal and informal channels respectively while processors and vendors received gross profit margins of 18.8% and 36.1% per litre of milk respectively. Milk traders received higher Gross Profit Margin (GPM) because they sold their milk in informal chains which offer relatively higher prices. Low price for raw milk and limited bargaining power of Tanga Dairy Cooperative Union (TDCU) were revealed as barriers to dairy development in the City. It is recommended that a liberalized marketing system in price setting strategy and producers’ training on production techniques that will improve dairy productivity in the study area.Item Analysis of technical efficiency in smallholder dairy production in Tanga City, Tanzania(AJOL, 2012) Wikedzi, I. A.; Akyoo, A. M; Kanuya, N. L.This paper investigates the technical efficiency of smallholder dairy farmers in Tanga City using the Stochastic Production Frontier Function (SPFF) approach. The study estimates the levels of Technical Efficiency (TE) of smallholder dairy farmers. This was a cross sectional research design which used simple random sampling technique to select the subjects into the study. A total of 80 smallholder dairy farmers were interviewed using semi–structured questionnaire. Data analysis techniques included collating field data and decomposing it into descriptive statistics and estimating the stochastic production frontier model for dairy keepers in Tanga City. The overall Technical Efficiency (TE) of smallholder dairy farmers in Tanga City was 89.7%. The study found that labour, feeds, veterinary services and capital stock increase the ability of producing more milk which in turn boosts milk productivity and thereby raises milk supply. However, labour cost was found to have a negative effect on the TE while feeds veterinary services and capital stock had positive effect. Therefore, this study recommends reduction of labour costs through the use of improved simple mechanical technologies that reduce drudgery in pasture cutting and hence increase labour productivity.Item Seasonal changes in nutritional status and reproductive performance of Zebu cows kept under a traditional agro-pastoral system in Tanzania(Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006, 2006) Kanuya, N. L.; Matiko, M. K.; Nkya, R.; Bittegeko, S. B. P.; Mgasa, M. N.; Reksen, O.; Ropstad, E.The objectives of this study were to assess changes in nutritional status/body condition score, percentage pregnancy and calving rate in Zebu cows and to establish the relationship between body condition score loss and postpartum interval to resumption of ovarian activity. A total of 198 cows and postpubertal heifers of the Tanzanian Shorthorn Zebu kept under a traditional management system were randomly selected from 200 smallholder herds. Factors investigated during bi-weekly visits include body condition score (BCS), heart-girth circumference, milk yield and reproductive status of the animals, pregnancy/nonpregnancy and cyclicity/non-cyclicity. Local weather conditions and dates of occurrence of other reproductive events such as calving were also recorded. Calvings occurred all year round but with a strong seasonal distribution characterized by annual peaks observed between April and July. The annual calving pattern was closely related to rainfall, with peak precipitation occurring a few months before peak calving. The overall percentage pregnancy varied from 30% to 50% throughout the N. L. Kanuya ( ) · M. K. Matiko · R. Nkya · S. B. P. Bittegeko · M. N. Mgasa Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania e-mail: nkanuya@yahoo.com O. Reksen · E. Ropstad Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway year. Postpartum cows exhibited minimum mean BCS and heart-girth circumference 12–14 weeks after calving, and cows with BCS loss >1 point exhibited the longest time interval from calving to onset of ovarian activity.