Browsing by Author "Kajembe, George C."

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Are miombo woodlands vital to livelihoods of rural households? Evidence from Urumwa and surrounding communities, Tabora, Tanzania
(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Njana, Marco A.; Kajembe, George C.; Malimbwi, Rogers E.
This study investigated contribution of miombo woodland resources accrued from Urumwa Forest Reserve (UFR) to income of rural households. Data and conclusions are based on 84 randomly surveyed households in four villages adjacent to UFR. Using descriptive statistics, the analysis was guided by the sustainable livelihood framework conceptual model. Results show that the miombo woodlands of the UFR account for 42% of total household income. Further analysis reveals that woodlands contribute 28% and 59% of non-monetary and monetary income, respectively. This demonstrates a significant role played by miombo woodlands. Woodland resources contribute to household income through various livelihood activities. Accordingly the woodland resources accrued from the UFR cover human basic needs. Results from this study empirically demonstrate the vital role played by miombo woodlands in either supporting current consumption or serving as safety net. It is, therefore, recommended that current and future management strategies in the forest sector emphasize forest and livelihood dimensions for sustainability of both livelihood and forest and woodland resources.
Changing access to forest resources in Tanzania
(Environment for Development., 2009) Robinson, Elizabeth J.Z.; Kajembe, George C.
This paper provides an empirical exploration of the dependence of villagers on non-timber forest products in the Morogoro region in Tanzania, the decision rules that villagers use concerning where and how much they collect, how their collection changes with degradation, and the implications of introducing more restrictive access rules of participatory forest management. Villagers’ responses to increased degradation vary by forest product: fuelwood collection tends to be displaced to other forests in response to degradation, fewer forest fruits and vegetables are collected, and collection times increase considerably for weaving and building materials.
Does participatory forest management promote sustain- able forest utilisation in Tanzania
(BioOne, 2014) Treue, T.; Ngaga, Yonika M.; Meilby, H.; Lund, J.F.; Kajembe, George C.; Iddi, S.; Blomley, T.; Theilade, I.; Chamshama, S.A.O.; Skeie, K.; Njana, M.A.; Ngowi, S.E.; Isango, J.A.K.; Burgess, N.D.
Over the past 20 years, Participatory Forest Management (PFM) has become a dominant forest management strategy in Tanzania, covering more than 4.1 million hectares. Sustainable forest use and supply of wood products to local people are major aims of PFM. This paper assesses the sustainability of forest utilisation under PFM, using estimates of forest condition and extraction rates based on forest inventories and 480 house- hold surveys from 12 forests; seven under Community Based Forest Management (CBFM), three under Joint Forest Management (JFM) and two under government management (non-PFM). Extraction of products is intense in forests close to Dar es Salaam, regardless of management regime. Further from Dar es Salaam, harvesting levels in forests under PFM are, with one prominent exception, broadly sustainable. Using GIS data from 116 wards, it is shown that half of the PFM forests in Tanzania are likely to be too small to satisfy current local wood demand.
Implications of local knowledge in the utilization of forage resources in mixed livestock systems of Eastern Tanzania
(Taylor & Francis, 2007) Komwihangilo, Daniel M.; Lekule, Faustin P.; Kajembe, George C.; Mgheni, Dyness M.; Petersen, Poul H.
Smallholder farmers have considerable understanding of locally available resources that they normally use in crop and livestock production. This was demonstrated in a study about the utility of local knowledge in forage quality evaluation for a mixed livestock production system in Turiani division, Morogoro region, Eastern Tanzania. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) was conducted in four villages in order to identify forages and criteria used by farmers in the description of nutritional and feeding values of local feeds for cattle. Eight to 12 farmers were convened in each village to discuss the different forage species used for cattle feeding, reasons for their preferences and local experiences related to feed resource management. Key informants interviews were also done with farmers’ group leaders and some farmers. Checklists, direct observation, matrix ranking and semi-structured interviews were the major tools applied. Results indicated that criteria used for forage quality assessment were based on objectives of cattle production. These included the amount of milk produced (lactating cows), growth (calves) and general health condition of animals. Palatability of forages and animal satisfaction when fed were other criteria used. Forage grasses such as Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum and Rottboellia cochinchinensis were ranked the highest, intermediate and lowest respectively according to the above criteria. These findings suggest that forage quality description derived from day to day activities is crucial for any interventions that can improve livestock productivity in smallholder production systems.
Indigenous management systems as a basis for community forestry in Tanzania: A case study of Dodoma urban and Lushoto disticts
(Wageningen, 1994) Kajembe, George C.
This report presents an analysis of the nature of both indigenous and professionally sponsored community forest management systems in two districts in Tanzania. It describes various types of internally generated forest and tree management systems. It demonstrates that a gap exists between indigenous and externally sponsored management systems. In the externally sponsored projects, the concept of participation implies that rural people should participate in professionals' projects, rather than that professionals should participate in the livelihood projects of rural people. Interventions along these lines generate confrontations, as well as degrees of collaboration and participation between local farmers and projects. The study focusses on three key actor categories to be considered in community forestry projects, i.e. farmers, village extension workers and supervisors. The relations between these actor categories constitute the "middle ground" of community forestry development. This concept refers to the totality of social processes and fields within which the actors attempt to establish common ground for their negotiations over resources and development alternatives. The study seeks to understand how strategic actions and interactions of different actor categories shape the outcome of community forestry projects, as well as how to bridge the gap between internally generated activities and externally sponsored interventions.
Making community-based forest management work: a case study from Duru-Haitemba village forest reserve, Babati, Arusha, the United Republic of Tanzania
(2006) Kajembe, George C.; Monela, Gerald C.; Mvena, Zebedayo S.K.
The Tanzanian Government’s capacity to protect forests and woodlands has progressively declined, with a reduction in budgets and retrenchment of workers. Hence a question has emerged in recent years as to whether the main model of forest resource management involving protection by policing is the right way forward. One model that has emerged and gained ground is community-based forest management. The guiding principle underlying the community-based forest management model is that local communities have the right to control and manage the forest resources on their land. This builds on a rather unique and favourable situation in the United Republic of Tanzania, where decentralized governance allows the village to own property in its own right as a corporate entity. Communities at Duru-Haitemba exploited this situation and adopted the community-based forest management model. The model at Duru-Haitemba came about as a result of local communities’ discontent at the way the 9 000 ha of remaining woodlands were being managed by the government. The woodlands, which were in a state of acute decline before local community participation, with loss of area and species, have been transformed into woodlands with boundaries that are intact, where incursion is limited, flora and fauna are recovering and management and protection are effective and at minimum cost.
Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania
(Foundation for Environmental Conservation, 2014-06-01) Lund, Jens Friis; Burgess, Neil D.; Chamshama, Shabani A. O.; Dons, Klaus; Isango, Jack A.; Kajembe, George C.; Meilby, Henrik; Moyo, Francis; Ngaga, Yonika M.; Ngowi, Stephen E.; Njana, Marco A.; Mwakalukwa, Ezekiel E.; Skeie, Kathrine; Theilade, Ida; Treue, Thorsten
Nearly 10% of the world’s total forest area is formally owned by communities and indigenous groups, yet knowledge of the effects of decentralized forest management approaches on conservation (and livelihood) impacts remains elusive. In this paper, the conservation impact of decentralized forest management on two forests in Tanzania was evaluated using a mixed method approach. Current forest condition, forest increment and forest use patterns were assessed through forest inventories, and changes in forest disturbance levels before and after the implementation of decentralized forest management were assessed on the basis of analyses of Landsat images. This biophysical evidence was then linked to changes in actual management practices, assessed through records, interviews and participatory observations, to provide ameasure of the conservation impact of the policy change. Both forests in the study were found to be in good condition, and extraction was lower than overall forest increment. Divergent changes in forest disturbance levels were in evidence following the implementation of decentralized forest management. The evidence from records, interviews and participatory observations indicated that decentralized management had led to increased control of forest use and the observed divergence in forest disturbance levels appeared to be linked to differences in theway that village-level forest managers prioritized conservation objectives and forest-based livelihood strategies. The study illustrates that a mixed methods approach comprises a valid and promising way to evaluate impacts of conservation policies, even in the absence of control sites. By carefully linking policy outcomes to policy outputs, such an approach not onlyidentifies whether such policies work as intended, but also potential mechanisms.
Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania
(Foundation for Environmental Conservation, 2014) Lund, Jens. F.; Burgess, N.D.; Chamshama, Shabani A.O.; Dons, Klaus; Isango, Jack A.; Kajembe, George C.; Meilby, Henrik; Moyo, Francis; Ngaga, Yonika M.; Ngowi, Stephen E.; Njana, Marco A.; Mwakalukwa, Ezekiel E.; Skeie, Kathrine; Theilade, Ida; Treue, Thorsten
Nearly 10% of the world’s total forest area is formally owned by communities and indigenous groups, yet knowledge of the effects of decentralized forest management approaches on conservation (and livelihood) impacts remains elusive. In this paper, the conservation impact of decentralized forest management on two forests in Tanzania was evaluated using a mixed method approach. Current forest condition, forest increment and forest use patterns were assessed through forest inventories, and changes in forest disturbance levels before and after the implementation of decentralized forest management were assessed on the basis of analyses of Landsat images. This biophysical evidence was then linked to changes in actual management practices, assessed through records, interviews and participatory observations, to provide a measure of the conservation impact of the policy change. Both forests in the study were found to be in good condition, and extraction was lower than overall forest increment. Divergent changes in forest disturbance levels were in evidence following the implementation of decentralized forest management. The evidence from records, interviews and participatory observations indicated that decent- ralized management had led to increased control of forest use and the observed divergence in forest disturbance levels appeared to be linked to differences in the way that village-level forest managers prioritized conservation objectives and forest-based livelihood strategies. The study illustrates that a mixed methods approach comprises a valid and promising way to evaluate impacts of conservation policies, even in the absence of control sites. By carefully linking policy outcomes to policy outputs, such an approach not only identifies whether such policies work as intended, but also potential mechanisms.
mpact of forestland tenure changes on forest cover, stocking and tree species diversity in Amani nature reserve, Tanzania
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Mpanda, Mathew M.; Luoga, Emmanuel J.; Kajembe, George C.; Eid, Tron
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of changes from private to state tenure on forest resources for three blocks in Amani Nature Reserve. The resource changes were determined in terms of forest cover, forest stocking and tree species diversity over a period of six to eight years. When considering the three blocks as one entity one may in general maintain that there have been positive changes regarding forest cover. There were differences between the blocks, however. The proportions of dense and semi-closed forest increased by around 14% in the former tea company block, remained unchanged in the former farmland and decreased by around 12% in the former sisal company block. The changes in stocking parameters and tree species diversity were mainly positive, but none were statistically significant. Although the results were somewhat ambiguous evidence of positive impacts as a result of the tenure changes was identified. This is in line with the main aim of establishing nature reserves focusing on conservation values. More research, however, is required regarding impacts of tenure changes on livelihood for those living adjacent to the nature reserve.
Role of local knowledge in mixed livestock production systems Methodology and implications for research and development in Sub-Saharan Africa
(2007) Komwihangilo, Daniel M.; Lekule, Faustin P.; Kajembe, George C.; Petersen, Poul H.
Local knowledge is an important asset for smallholder farmers who operate differently in diverse crop and livestock production systems in the tropics. Various methods are needed for its acquisition, analysis, storage and communication. While local knowledge of livestock feeds and other resources is abundant, amalgamation of the positive aspects of this knowledge system with that emanating from contemporary scientific approaches is critical yet limited. The merger is desirable so as to achieve improved productivity and sustainability of mixed livestock production systems in Sub-Saharan Africa