Browsing by Author "Jesse, Angela Mcharo"

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Bridging the policy-practice divide: a systematic review of the determinants and constraints on women’s land tenure security in Sub-Saharan Africa
(East African Nature & Science Organization (EANSO), 2026) Jesse, Angela Mcharo
Secure land tenure is a critical asset for agency, livelihoods, and resilience, yet a persistent gender gap in land ownership undermines development and equality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite a proliferation of gender-sensitive land policies, the disparity between legislative intent and on-the-ground reality remains a formidable challenge. This study employs a systematic review methodology, following a PRISMA-inspired protocol. From an initial pool of 2,446 studies identified across major academic databases, 56 met the inclusion criteria based on relevance, methodological rigour, and thematic focus, forming the basis for a thematic synthesis. The review identifies a triad of influencing factors: (1) Policy Mechanisms: including national land reforms, constitutional guarantees, and international frameworks; (2) Implementation Bottlenecks: such as weak enforcement, limited legal awareness, and lack of political will; and (3) Structural Barriers: primarily patriarchal customary tenure systems, discriminatory inheritance norms, and deeply embedded socio-cultural practices that privilege male lineage. The analysis reveals a fundamental tension of legal pluralism, where statutory laws coexist and often conflict with customary systems. The principal impediment is not a lack of policy but a governance disjuncture, a failure to align formal institutions with informal, socially entrenched norms that govern resource allocation at the community level. This review synthesises and advances theoretical frameworks at the intersection of political economy and property rights, demonstrating how patriarchal bargaining and institutional bricolage shape women’s land access within plural legal environments. It consolidates a fragmented evidence base to provide a comprehensive, region-wide analysis of the multi-scalar obstacles (from household to state) to women’s land tenure security, offering a coherent evidence map for researchers and practitioners. Transforming women's land rights in SSA requires moving beyond technical legal reforms to address the socio-institutional roots of exclusion. Key recommendations include: (1) implementing gender- responsive land governance that integrates customary and statutory systems; (2) investing in grassroots legal empowerment and awareness campaigns; (3) strengthening accountability mechanisms for policy enforcement; and (4) promoting systemic research on gendered outcomes of land tenure interventions.
Domestic violence perpetrated against men in Kigamboni Municipality, Tanzania: Evidence from social ecological framework
(Elsevier, 2025) Rugalabam, Jacqueline Moses; Jeckoniah, John Nshimba; Jesse, Angela Mcharo
Domestic violence against men (DVAM) is an underexplored issue globally, especially in patriarchal societies. While most existing studies focus on individual-level factors such as income, age, and education, they often overlook the broader social, cultural, and relational contexts that influence male victimization. This study ad- dresses this gap by examining DVAM through the Social Ecological Model (SEM), which analyses the interplay of individual, relational, and community-level dynamics. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative data from 133 male victims with qualitative data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant associations between age disparities, income dif- ferences, and power dynamics with psychological, sexual, and financial violence (p < 0.05). Men significantly older than their partners were more likely to experience sexual violence, while men who earned more than their partners faced increased risks of sexual and psychological abuse. The SEM analysis revealed how patriarchal norms and community-level stigma discourage male victims from seeking help, perpetuating cycles of abuse. The study concludes that DVAM in Kigamboni Municipality is driven by entrenched cultural norms and relational conflicts stemming from financial and power imbalances. It recommends gender-neutral legal reforms by the Parliament and Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, community awareness campaigns to reduce stigma led by NGOs and community leaders. These interventions aim to challenge harmful norms, empower male victims, and provide practical solutions for recovery and prevention
Is Hepatitis B the case at higher learning institutions? awareness and response from students at Sokoine University of Agriculture
(East African Nature & Science Organization (EANSO), 2026) Jesse, Angela Mcharo
Employing a convergent parallel research design and the social ecological model, the study investigated students’ awareness of Hepatitis B and the vaccine at Sokoine University of Agriculture. This is due to the high prevalence of the mentioned disease despite different efforts to contain it under the World Health Organization and health ministries of different countries, including Tanzania. A sample of 168 finalist students aged from 21 to 30 situated at the university hostels and the key informants from the SUA Health Department were involved in the study. A desk review method was used to collect data of the same from different studies conducted at higher learning institutions. The study found that 68.30% of the students were not aware of hepatitis B in terms of its transmission, prevention and cure. The study also found that most of the respondents had little understanding of the Hepatitis B vaccine in terms of dosage per person’s age. Moreover, results from the desk review revealed that students from health institutions were also lacking knowledge on Hepatitis B, while some had the notion that providing the vaccine was among the ways of accelerating unsafe sexual activities. The study concludes that knowledge on Hepatitis B and vaccination compliance at higher learning institutions is minimal despite the huge interaction, which could facilitate learning as stipulated in the social ecological model. It is recommended that health departments within institutions should introduce awareness campaigns and other applicable strategies to raise awareness on health issues, including Hepatitis B and other communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Managing pastoralists and farmers' conflict in Tanzania. a narrative review of strategies, implementation and challenges
(East African Nature & Science Organization (EANSO), 2025) Jesse, Angela Mcharo; Malisa, Emmanuel Timoth
Pastoralists and farmers' conflict is a continuous problem in African countries, including Tanzania, which results in many negative effects, including death, injury and destruction of properties. Causes include competition for land, scarcity of land and water, unclear and or trespass of village boundaries, effects of climate change and inappropriate approaches to solve the existing pastoralists and farmers’ disputes. Since the relevance of conflict management strategies is dynamic socially, temporally and spatially, various studies have been providing a contextual, still fragmented picture of the strategies. Previous reviews have focused on conflict management in Africa as a whole, in West Africa, in East Africa and in South Africa. The present review focuses on the Tanzanian context. Specifically, this review explores the strategies employed in managing the pastoralists-farmers conflict in Tanzania and challenges observed in their implementation. A narrative review methodology was employed. The search words used were: farmers and pastoralists conflict in Africa and in Tanzania; causes of pastoralists and farmers conflicts in Africa and in Tanzania; strategies used to manage conflict in Africa and in Tanzania; and challenges facing the pastoralists and farmers conflict resolution in Tanzania. Strategies employed to resolve conflict between pastoralists and farmers in Tanzania, based on this study, include: enforcement of land rules and procedures, mediation, negotiation, competing and avoiding. The observed challenges were poor implementation of land policy, poor involvement of the community in conflict resolution and the growing land scarcity. The review concludes that; prevalence and applicability of pastoralists-farmers conflict management strategies differ by situation/state of the community, i.e. existing social relationships; awareness and enforcement of land rules, laws, regulations and human rights; existing informal institutions and their functioning alongside the formal institutions; and the role played by trusted and neutral individuals in the community. While conflict resolution through peaceful ways, as the conflict resolution theory entails, works and is recommended, the review acknowledges that there are times when the use of force becomes indispensable. Selection of pastoralists-farmers conflict resolution
Parents perception towards ending girls early marriage in Uyui district, Tabora, Tanzania
(Panafrican journal of governance and development, 2022) Jesse, Angela Mcharo
Early marriage is a global problem facing most countries, including Tanzania and other developing countries. The government and other organizations, including Civil Society Organizations (SCOs), have made different efforts to end early marriages in different regions in the country. Despite the efforts made, the problem persists in some of the regions in Tanzania, including Tabora, where the study was conducted. The theory of change developed by Girls Not Brides was used to show the importance of parents in ending early marriage. Thus, parents were the unit of analysis. The study employed a qualitative approach with little support of quantitative data where descriptive statistics were obtained. The study found that most respondents (74%) were not aware of marriage laws. The study also found that parents’ perception in ending girls’ early marriage was related to cultural upholding (norms and values) where the fornication and giving birth at the parents’ homes were prohibited. Another finding was that girls were taken as a way of solving economic problems in the study area. The study recommends that the community be given awareness and appropriate education on the impact of girls’ early marriage on their physical and psychological condition. The community should also be trained on intrapreneurial activities to improve their economic status. It will enable them to take care of their families and stop using their daughters as assets. The marriage laws should also be mainstreamed to all levels of the government and the communities to ensure that all people know them.