Browsing by Author "Jesse, Angela M."

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The contribution of irrigation systems to household food security in Rufiji District, Tanzania
(East African Journal of Social and Applied Sciences (EAJ-SAS), 2023-06-30) Jesse, Angela M.
Irrigation is considered a major means of increasing productivity to ensure food security all over the world due to rainfall variability caused by climate change. Different countries, including Tanzania, have been advised to engage in irrigation systems, and various regulatory frameworks have been developed to support this. However, different studies reveal both positive and negative results regarding the contribution of irrigation systems to food security, which has raised concerns and prompted the need for further investigation. This study aimed to determine the awareness on the contribution of irrigation systems to food security, types of crops cultivated through irrigation systems, the number of meals consumed by households practicing irrigation, and the challenges facing smallholder farmers in adopting irrigation systems. The Entitlement to Food Theory guided the conduct of this study, which employed a cross-sectional research design involving surveys, interviews, and documentary reviews. A total of 60 households were selected for the study, and the data were analysed descriptively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis. The study revealed that farmers had an understanding of the contribution of irrigation systems to food security, although they encountered some challenges including lack of inputs and funds for extensive farming. It was further found that 80% of farmers preferred planting maize over other food crops due to its cost-effectiveness in terms of the required inputs. Additionally, majority of the community members had an understanding of food security in terms of access and availability, rather than utilisation. The study recommends that farmers be educated on the importance of planting other nutrient-rich crops. Furthermore, they should be informed about alternative means of obtaining funds, such as entrepreneurial activities, and using their farms as collateral to access the required agricultural inputs.
Premarital Sexual Relationships and Academic Performance among University Students: A Case of Ardhi University, Tanzania
(The Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, 2020-06-01) Jesse, Angela M.; Ongara, Suzan
Engaging in premarital sexual relationship is found to have effect such as HIV/AIDS infection, STDs/STIs, early and unplanned pregnancies and stress to most youth worldwide. Despite the mentioned effects, most of the youth including university students are still engaging in premarital sexual relationships.This being the case, it was necessary to conduct a study on premarital sexual relationships and academic performance among university students in the study area. The aim was to find out why University students engage in premarital sexual relationship. And how engaging in premarital sexual relationship affect students’ academic performance in the study areas? The Social Exchange Theory (SET) was used to guide the study. In addition, a Cross-sectional research design was used in this study whereby both probability and non-probability sampling procedures were employed. The study found courtship, peer pressure, poverty, mass media and curiosity as the drivers for students’ engagement in premarital sexual relationship. The study concludes that, although there are positive impacts of engaging in premarital sexual relationship among university students, negative effects outweigh positive impacts; and these include stress, which results from fear of being cheated upon or losing a partner, poor performance, and unwanted pregnancies leading to abortion. The study recommends that, the youth specifically university students should be educated on the impact of engaging in premarital sexual relationships on academic performance. Moreover, different programs should be established within universities to expose first-year students to what may happen if they engage in premarital sexual relationship.