Browsing by Author "Hoza, Abubakar S."

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A one health assessment of antimicrobial- resistant enterobacterales in migratory little stints (calidris minuta) and aquatic ecosystems in the Kenyan Rift Valley
(PLOS One, 2026-03-27) Mbuthia, Catherine W; Too, Rael J.; Mzula, Alexanda; Imboma, Titus S.; Kiiru, John; Kariuki, Samuel; Hoza, Abubakar S.
Palearctic migratory little stints (Calidris minuta) can acquire resistant bacteria from contaminated environments and facilitate their transboundary spread. This two-year repeated cross-sectional study assessed the frequency and distribution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. Isolates were recovered from fecal samples of C. minuta foraging at the shores of Lakes Bogoria (low anthropogenic activities) and Magadi (high anthro- pogenic activities), as well as from peripheral freshwater sources shared by birds, humans, livestock and wildlife. A total of 184 fecal samples and 48 water samples were collected upon the birds’ arrival from the Arctic (cohort 1) and pre- departure from the Rift Valley lakes (cohort 2). Samples were cultured, bacterial isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS platform and tested against 12 anti- microbials using the Kirby-Bauer disk method. Of the 294 isolates (16 genera and 33 species), Enterobacter spp (31.0%, n = 91) and Escherichia coli (17.3%, n = 51) predominated. Resistance was highest for ampicillin (50%) and lowest for mero- penem (1.0%). The predominant MDR phenotype was a combination of resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Specifically, 38 (12.9%) isolates were MDR, 37 (12.6%) co-expressed ESBL-MDR traits, and 19 (6.5%) were ESBL producers that did not meet MDR criteria. Enterobacter spp showed the highest frequencies of MDR (8.2%, n = 24) and combined ESBL-MDR (4.8%, n = 14) pheno- types, while Acinetobacter spp (3.4%, n = 10) were the most frequent ESBL produc- ers. The statistically non-significant differences (p > 0.05) across study areas, sample sources, and cohorts suggest that resistant strains are pervasive throughout these landscapes, irrespective of anthropogenic pressures. This is the first study to link C. minuta to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemiological circuit. Our findings underscore the need to include migratory wild birds in AMR surveillance and utilizing whole-genome sequencing to accurately trace the origin and dissemination pathways of AMR strains.
Existence of multiple ESBL genes among phenotypically conﬁrmed ESBL producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples from neonatal units at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
(MDPI, 2021) Silago, Vitus; Kovacs, Dory; Samson, Happyness; Seni, Jeremiah; Matthews, Louise; Oravcová, Katarina; Lupindu, Athumani M.; Hoza, Abubakar S.; Mshana, Stephen E.
The proportions and similarities of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and E. coli (ESBL-EC) carrying multiple ESBL genes is poorly known at our setting. This study investigated the existence of multiple ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization, and contamination samples from neonatology units in Mwanza-Tanzania. Twenty and 55 presumptive ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP, respectively, from a previous study archived at−80 ◦C were successfully recovered for this study. Isolates were screened and conﬁrmed for production of ESBLs by phenotypic methods followed by multiplex PCR assay to determine ESBL genes. All (100%) and 97.3% of presumptive ESBL isolates were phenotypically conﬁrmed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and modiﬁed double-disc synergy methods, respectively. About 93.3% (70/75) of phenotypically conﬁrmed ESBL isolates had at least one ESBL gene, whereby for 62.9% (44/70), all ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) were detected. Eight pairs of ESBL bacteria show similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes. ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC, concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples, harbored multiple ESBL genes. Further, eight pairs of ESBL isolates had similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes, suggesting transmission of and/or sharing of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC.
Occurrence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in raw meat and cloaca swabs in poultry processed in slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(MDPI, 2021) Mgaya, Fauster X.; Matee, Mecky I.; Muhairwa, Amandus P.; Hoza, Abubakar S.
This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2020, in five large poultry slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Purposive sampling was used to select broilers and spent layers, from which meat and cloaca swabs were collected to determine the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Identification of isolates was done using API 20E, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI (2018) guidelines. EBSL (CTX-M, TEM, SHV) and plasmid mediated quinolone (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(60)-Ib-cr) were screened using PCR. Out of 384 samples, 212 (55.2%) were positive for E. coli, of which 147 (69.3%) were resistant to multiple drugs (MDR). Highest resistance was detected to tetracycline (91.9%), followed by sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim (80.5%), ampicillin (70.9%), ciprofloxacin (40.2%) and 25% cefotaxime, gentamycin (10.8%) and imipenem (8.6%) (95% CI, p < 0.01). Out of the E. coli-positive samples, ten (10/212) (4.7%) were ESBL producing E. coli, of which CTX-M was detected in two isolates and quinolones resistant gene (qnrS) in eight, while TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrB and aac(60)-lb-cr were not detected. The high level of resistance and multidrug resistance imply these antibiotics are ineffective, add unnecessary cost to poultry farmers and certainly facilitate emergence and spread of resistance.