Browsing by Author "Haule, A."
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Item Gender integration in Local Water Resource Governance Institutions: A Case Study of Community Owned Water Supply Organisations (COWOSOs) in Gairo District, Tanzania(IJRDO, 2020) Haule, A.; Massawe, F. A.Given the growing demand for water resources and its continued scarcity efforts have been in place to change governance mechanisms to ensure its sustainability. The sector transformation focuses on enhancing user’s capacity in developing, managing and sharing water resources efficiently. Women are among the actors that are now recognized as managers than mere users of waterresources given their gender roles. Therefore, policies and water resource management strategies in many countries including Tanzania, demand women involvement in Community Owned Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs). The argument of this paper is that for call women representation in water governance structures might not necessarily transform gender relations among men and women hence making women voices unheard. Therefore, this study presents gender dynamics in COWSOs in various villages of Gairo District, Tanzania by exploring power and leadership positions held by men and women. The findings show that under the support of external actors, women are holding a various leadership position in COWSOs though the strategicpower of making decisions are still held by men. The study concludes that numbers are not enough without capacity building for women to be able to influence decision making process in water resource governance.Item Gender mainstreaming in water resource management: a case Of water resources integration development initiatives (waridi) project in Gairo District, Tanzania.(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2019) Haule, A.Understanding the gender mainstreaming in water resources management from the insider's perspective is central to determining gender roles of women and men at the community level. Literature indicates that gender mainstreaming is viewed as donor demand rather than management tool of water resources hence lacking the deeper understanding from the insider's perspective. The overall objective of this study was therefore to examine the extent of gender mainstreaming in water resources management project in Gairo District. Specifically, the study analysed strategies used by WARIDI project in gender mainstreaming in water resources management project, evaluated the effect of institutional arrangement on gender relations in water resources management, assessed existing gender dynamics in water resource governance, and explored the constraints of integrating gender in water resource management at the project and community level. The study was conducted in Gairo District, Morogoro Region, a cross- sectional design was adopted during data collection where both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Content and descriptive analyses were used to analyse data collected, through interviews and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that the position of women and men were recognized by community in project area and some of high leadership positions were held by women in formal water resource management institutions. It was also revealed there are gender inequalities in water resource management particularly in informal institutions. Also the study found that formal and informal institutions were very powerful depending on the sources of water available within the community. It is concluded that WARIDI’s efforts to mainstream gender was partially achieved due to existing gender inequalities. The study recommends WARIDI project to extent efforts to address gender inequalities in natural sources of water at Gairo district.