Browsing by Author "Gudaga, J. L"
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Item Effectiveness of groundwater governance in Mbarali District, Tanzania(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2017) Gudaga, J. LGroundwater governance is increasingly becoming critical worldwide. In Tanzania like other countries in Sub Saharan Africa, water governance including groundwater has been top on the development agenda. Nevertheless, the extent of effectiveness of groundwater governance remains unclear. To that effect, the general objective of this study was to determine effectiveness of groundwater governance with particular focus on governance structures and institutions that guide water users’ behaviour. The study employed exploratory sequential research design with two phases. In this design, qualitative data, using key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), were first collected and analyzed and the results were used to refine questionnaire used in the second phase of data collection that adopted a household survey. A random sample of 90 water users including 50% females was involved in the survey. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. A Summated Index Scale was used to measure the extent of groundwater users’ awareness of water institutions and effectiveness of governance structures and institutions. The results show that 66.7% of the respondents depended on the groundwater (deep wells) for domestic use. The groundwater user’s perception about groundwater cleanness and the lack of other water sources were reported as the factors that influenced the use of groundwater in the study area. The mean distance from a household to a groundwater source was 249.50 metres. The results demonstrate that 50% of the respondents showed medium awareness of formal institutions; 70% and 48.9% showed high awareness of norms and values respectively. In addition, respondents showed high awareness of governance structures particularly Village Councils and Community Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs) relative to Village Water Committees. In respect to effectiveness of formal institutions in influencing groundwater governance, 56.6% of the respondents showed medium effectiveness of formal institutions compared to norms and values that showed high effectiveness by 54.4% and 55.4% respectively. In addition, the results showed statistically significant difference about awareness of institutions (P=0.0001) such that respondents showed higher awareness of the informal institutions relative to formal institutions. Furthermore, the results showed statistically significant difference between male and female responses on the effectiveness of governance institutions (P=0.0001). Female respondents reported effectiveness of governance institutions than male respondents. Based on the results, the study concludes that respondents were aware about norms and values than formal water institutions. As reported by female respondents, norms and values were more effective than formal institutions. The study recommends that further sensitization about awareness of formal institutions at local level is needed. The study recommends further investigations on factors that influence limited awareness and effectiveness of formal institutions at a local level. This will be worth for water policy planning and implementation.Item Governance principles for local level groundwater management in Njombe district, Tanzania(Journal of African Studies and Development, 2022-09) Malisa, E. T; Gudaga, J. L; Kabote, S. JGroundwater governance is a necessary condition for groundwater management that in turn improves access to clean and safe drinking water. However, it is one of the developmental issues, which has not been addressed squarely in Tanzania. Using governance principles, we explored groundwater governance in Njombe district where water for domestic use depends on groundwater source. The study used cross-sectional research design by adopting a mixed method approach with a random sample of 250 respondents. It also involved 32 Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) participants and 9 governance actors at a district and community levels. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to summarize descriptive statistics while qualitative data were subjected to the content analysis. The results show that five out of eight governance principles namely: accountability, transparency, collaboration, rule of law and responsiveness were not practised effectively because of poor knowledge among the governance actors. To that effect, the practice of governance principles was poor translating into poor groundwater management. Therefore, district authorities should build capacity on good governance to all groundwater governance actors recognized by the law. This helps practise governance principles effectively for groundwater management.Item Governance principles for local level groundwater management in Njombe district, Tanzania(Journal of African Studies and Development, 2022) Gudaga, J. L; Kabote, S. J.; Malisa, E. TGroundwater governance is a necessary condition for groundwater management that in turn improves access to clean and safe drinking water. However, it is one of the developmental issues, which has not been addressed squarely in Tanzania. Using governance principles, we explored groundwater governance in Njombe district where water for domestic use depends on groundwater source. The study used cross-sectional research design by adopting a mixed method approach with a random sample of 250 respondents. It also involved 32 Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) participants and 9 governance actors at a district and community levels. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to summarize descriptive statistics while qualitative data were subjected to the content analysis. The results show that five out of eight governance principles namely: accountability, transparency, collaboration, rule of law and responsiveness were not practised effectively because of poor knowledge among the governance actors. To that effect, the practice of governance principles was poor translating into poor groundwater management. Therefore, district authorities should build capacity on good governance to all groundwater governance actors recognized by the law. This helps practise governance principles effectively for groundwater management.Item Groundwater users’ awareness of water institutions in Tanzania: A case study of Mbarali District, Mbeya Region(Journal of African Studies and Development, 2018-03-30) Gudaga, J. L; Kabote, S. J.; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; Mosha, D. B.; Kashaigili, J. J.This paper examines awareness of groundwater formal and informal institutions among water users. The paper adopted sequential exploratory research design to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The sample size was 90 groundwater users, and 50% were women. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis H Test and Mann Whitney U Test were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The results show that 50% of the respondents showed average awareness of formal institutions whereas 70 and 57.7% showed high awareness of norms and values respectively. In addition, the results showed statistically significant difference on the extent of respondents’ awareness of water institutions (P=0.001) among low, medium and high categories. Furthermore, there was no significant difference on awareness of formal institutions between male and female respondents (P=0.403). The paper concludes high groundwater users’ awareness of informal institutions including norms and values than formal institutions mainly rules and regulations particularly Water Resource Management Acts. Therefore, the paper recommends endeavours to raise awareness of formal institutions at a local level because awareness of formal and informal institutions is equally important for groundwater governance.