Browsing by Author "Erbaugh, M."

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The implications of Tanzania privatization policy on small scale farmers: the case of Misenyi and Kilosa districts
(Sacha & Diamond, England, United Kingdom, 2015) Shausi, G.; Agunga, R; Erbaugh, M.
Since 2000 the Government of Tanzania has adopted pluralistic and demand driven (privatization) extension as an alternative way of increasing productivity in the smallholder farming sector. It was felt that privatization would give farmers more choices, increase efficiency in public sector extension, and reduce the burden of government funding extension. After more than a decade of the new extension program our study sought to determine its effectiveness. Our survey of 300 smallholder farmers in two districts of Tanzania found limited adoption of innovations by smallholder farmers, including limited interaction with extension agents, and virtually no provision of extension by private agencies in the districts. Our conclusion is that while the new extension approach is a good idea, its implementation leaves much to be desired. We recommend increased interaction between farmers and extension workers, such as through the use of mass and social media like community radio and cell phones.
Knowledge of vegetable insect pests, diseases and control measures in Morogoro and Iringa regions in Tanzania: a call for integrated pest management
(Academic Journals, 2021) Kabote, S. J.; Mamiro, D. P.; Maerere, A. P.; Sibuga, K. P.; Mtui, H. D.; Mgembe, E. R.; Erbaugh, M.; Cardina J.
This study investigates vegetable growers’ knowledge about insect pests, diseases and control methods. The study adopted cross-sectional research design, employing survey method and involving 400 randomly selected vegetable growers. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to summarize raw data. Colored cards of important pests coupled with field visits were used for pest identification. The results show that 87.1% of the tomato growers reported tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) as one of the important insect pests. Cucurbit growers reported mainly cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) and cucumber moth (Diaphania indica). Cabbage and onion growers reported cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), respectively. Diseases reported were mainly early (Alternaria solani) and late (Phytophthora infestans) blights in tomato and onion respectively, purple blotch in onion, cucumber blight in cucurbits and cabbage blight in cabbages. Insect pest and diseases control was mainly through synthetic pesticides. Frequency of spray was highest in tomato and cucurbits followed by onion. However, the knowledge on tank mixing, record keeping and Integrated Pest Management was limited. It is critical to have a common understanding about insect pests, diseases and control methods that are environmental friendly. Therefore, farmers should be trained on different issues regarding vegetable production and safe use of pesticides. The key training areas should include tank mixing, pest identification and thresholds, and record keeping.
Management of tomato late blight disease using reduced fungicide spray regimes in Morogoro, Tanzania
(2014) Meya, A. I.; Mamiro, D. P.; Kusolwa, P.M.; Maerere, A. P.; Sibuga, K. P.; Erbaugh, M.; Miller, S. A.; Mtui, H. D.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in Tanzania is affected by late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Currently, farmers spray more than 12 per crop per season to control diseases by weekly spraying. Field experiments were conducted at Morogoro to evaluate the performance of three tomato varieties subjected to different fungicide chemistries and reduced fungicide spray intervals. The treatment factors were tomato varieties Meru, Cal-J and Tanya as main plots; fungicides Ivory 72 WP, Volar MZ 690 WP and Topsin-M 70 WP as sub plots; and reduced number (4, 6, 8 and no-spray) of sprays per crop at a spray intervals of 14-, 10-, 7-days respectively as sub-sub plots. Variety Meru showed low tomato late blight incidence (1.4%) and severity (1.0) (P≤0.001) followed by Tanya (81.2%, 4.0) and Cal-J (82.6%, 4.0) respectively. Results show that plots sprayed with Topsin M-70 WP had significantly (P≤0.001) higher disease incidence and severity (66.2%, 3) compared to Ivory 72 WP (42.5%, 2) and Volar MZ 690 WP (44.5%, 2). The no-spraying regime (control) had highly significant (P≤0.001) disease incidence and severity than other spray regimes. Although there was no significant (P≤0.05) difference among the spray regimes plots sprayed 8 times had lowest disease incidence and severity (47.9%, 2) while, unsprayed plots had highest disease incidence and severity (66.3%, 4) followed by plots sprayed 6 times and 4 times (53.9%, 2) and (52.1%, 2) respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.001)) in yield among three commercial tomato varieties. Cal-J variety produced higher number of fruits per plant (27), marketable fruits (26.5 t/ha) and total yield (28.9 t/ha) followed by Tanya with 21 fruits per plant, 19.3 t/ha marketable fruits and total yield of 21.3 t/ha. Meru produced 13 fruits per plant, 13.6 t/h marketable yield and total yield of 17.6 t/ha. Tomato varieties, fungicides and spray regimes demonstrated significant influence on late blight disease incidence and severity. Results reveal that, variety Meru was resistant to tomato late blight disease while, Cal-J and Tanya varieties were highly susceptible. However, Meru had lowest yield due to production of few number of fruits per plants. Fungicides Ivory 72 WP and Volar MZ 690 WP verified higher field efficacy against P. infestans. These two fungicides significantly reduced disease intensity to lowest level than Topsin-M 70 WP. Similarly, spray regimes significantly gave appreciable reduction of tomato late blight disease intensity and consequently increased fruits yield in susceptible varieties Cal-J and Tanya when compared to no spraying regime. It was evident that the number of fungicide sprays was reduced from more than 12 (current farmers practice) to 8, 6 and 4 at intervals of 7-, 10- and 14- days respectively.
Management of tomato late blight disease using reduced fungicide spray regimes in Morogoro, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2014) Meya, A. I.; Mamiro, D. P.; Kusolwa, P. M.; Maerere, A. P.; Sibuga, K. P.; Erbaugh, M.; Miller, S. A.; Mtui, H. D.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in Tanzania is affected by late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Currently, farmers spray more than 12 per crop per season to control diseases by weekly spraying. Field experiments were conducted at Morogoro to evaluate the performance of three tomato varieties subjected to different fungicide chemistries and reduced fungicide spray intervals. The treatment factors were tomato varieties Meru, Cal-J and Tanya as main plots; fungicides Ivory 72 WP, Volar MZ 690 WP and Topsin-M 70 WP as sub plots; and reduced number (4, 6, 8 and no-spray) of sprays per crop at a spray intervals of 14-, 10-, 7-days respectively as sub-sub plots. Variety Meru showed low tomato late blight incidence (1.4%) and severity (1.0) (P≤0.001) followed by Tanya (81.2%, 4.0) and Cal-J (82.6%, 4.0) respectively. Results show that plots sprayed with Topsin M-70 WP had significantly (P≤0.001) higher disease incidence and severity (66.2%, 3) compared to Ivory 72 WP (42.5%, 2) and Volar MZ 690 WP (44.5%, 2). The no-spraying regime (control) had highly significant (P≤0.001) disease incidence and severity than other spray regimes. Although there was no significant (P≤0.05) difference among the spray regimes plots sprayed 8 times had lowest disease incidence and severity (47.9%, 2) while, unsprayed plots had highest disease incidence and severity (66.3%, 4) followed by plots sprayed 6 times and 4 times (53.9%, 2) and (52.1%, 2) respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.001)) in yield among three commercial tomato varieties. Cal-J variety produced higher number of fruits per plant (27), marketable fruits (26.5 t/ha) and total yield (28.9 t/ha) followed by Tanya with 21 fruits per plant, 19.3 t/ha marketable fruits and total yield of 21.3 t/ha. Meru produced 13 fruits per plant, 13.6 t/h marketable yield and total yield of 17.6 t/ha. Tomato varieties, fungicides and spray regimes demonstrated significant influence on late blight disease incidence and severity. Results reveal that, variety Meru was resistant to tomato late blight disease while, Cal-J and Tanya varieties were highly susceptible. However, Meru had lowest yield due to production of few number of fruits per plants. Fungicides Ivory 72 WP and Volar MZ 690 WP verified higher field efficacy against P. infestans. These two fungicides significantly reduced disease intensity to lowest level than Topsin-M 70 WP. Similarly, spray regimes significantly gave appreciable reduction of tomato late blight disease intensity and consequently increased fruits yield in susceptible varieties Cal-J and Tanya when compared to no spraying regime. It was evident that the number of fungicide sprays was reduced from more than 12 (current farmers practice) to 8, 6 and 4 at intervals of 7-, 10- and 14- days respectively